Viable Energy From Ocean Waves
(a) Purpose of Research To investigate the wave conditions offshore along the South African coast to determine wave heights, intervals, and patterns. These results have demonstrated the power potential of ocean waves and identified sites for offshore power stations. The waves off of the South African coast are the most viable, as they have wave heights of between 2.7m (9ft) and 14.6m (48ft). It is also to assist in the development of my power station design, through research into offshore wave composition, principles, periods and characteristics. (b) Procedures I have used various calculations including the surface pressure of salt water per square meter to calculate the potential power produced by a buoy. These figures have been expressed in Kilowatt Hours, and are then able to be divided by the known consumption of a single USA household in 1 year. A figure of the amount of households that can be supplied by a single generator will then be reached. An approximate power output for a single buoy is between 200 and 300 homes per year (Dependant on wave height) A concept for a maintenance free electrical generator suitable for marine use has been investigated. The design will be made as: ● A working demonstration model capable of producing electricity, which consists of a Rotary Induction Generator, ● a scale model to show the appearance of one such generator & ● A large scale model to show how generators can be congregated to form a power station offshore. (c) Data Utilising the calculations of potential power output and the wave data, the financial viability of the generator has been calculated, in relation to current fossil fuel power stations, down to a cost per Kilowatt. Wave data from international marine monitoring websites that provide real time wave condition graphs, have been tracked by myself daily for over 1 month and recorded to provide a large data resource. This provides wave heights of multiple weather systems as well as averages. Costs have been investigated from Internet sources for electrical integration to the national power grid, as well as the generator manufacture. These are estimates, as the exact specifications of my device cannot be finalised without further prototypical research. (d) Conclusion With conclusions reached by thorough research into wave dynamics, weather patterns and their effects on wave heights, Rotary induction power generation and costs related to multiple power systems, I intend to demonstrate fully to the International Electrical Producers, that coal fired power plants are more costly and environmentally damaging than my revolutionary concept for a truly economically viable, ocean based generator system.
萬用虎鉗夾具
機械加工過程中往往遇到形狀複雜工件，無法用一般虎鉗夾持進行加工。若需加工複雜工件時，需使用V 形槽、壓枕……等等夾具加以輔助，但有些夾具根本無法夾持。若用特殊夾具需拆除原有之虎鉗，而且還必須校正，工作繁雜又浪費很多時間。 本設計之優點為不需更換虎鉗，直接放在虎鉗鉗口即可夾持不規則的物體，利用正向力的作用夾持而不打滑，輕易達到夾持時之穩定和足夠之夾持力，以達迅速、不需使用特殊夾具、不需再校正、可當平行塊之多功能夾具，使複雜形狀之工件加工簡單化、迅速化之設計。;When handling workpieces in complicated and irregular shape in the mechanical process, users are unable to make it with ordinary vises. V-block and clamping block might help, while some others do not work at all. In such cases, the user has to tear the vise apart and then do some correction, which is complicated and time-wasting. The strength of this design is that there is no need to replace the vise. The user just puts this device on the vise clamp to clamp the irregular object. The vertical clamping force makes the piece at work stable and allows no slipping. With this device, no special fixture or further correction is needed. It can also be used for a parallel block if necessary. In other words, as a fixture of multiple functions, the device makes the processing work simpler and more efficient than ever.
巨型小翼效應—未來長程客機經濟省油妙方
本研究主要是探討翼端小翼對飛機飛行的影響，翼端小翼在現在不少的飛機上都有這種設計，假設小翼可以阻止飛機機翼末端的氣流上旋，進而增加升力與推力，讓飛機能提高飛行時的效率，為了驗證這個假設，因此製作了簡易風洞對小翼的升力與阻力進行定性和定量的探討。升力與阻力的定性定量探討是經由10 組主機翼與五個小翼組合，共有2000 次的測試記錄，再轉化成折線圖予以比較研究，而得到一個穩定性數值結果。這測試實驗的數值結果顯示：小翼可以增加升力，但是也會增加阻力，為了降低阻力，小翼的剖面最好是有弧度。The purpose of this research is to find out the effect resulted from the winglet of the plane to the flight. Many a winglet is nowadays designed for the airplane. Assumes the winglet can stop the air of the tail section of the airplane to revolve up, further increase the force of the raise and the push, and uplift the efficiency of the flight. In order to proof this assumption is correct, so makes an easy air hole to do the research of qualitative and quantitative analysis for the force of the raise and resistance. After about 2000 records tested through the combination of ten sets of the main wing and five tiny wings, and transference of curve diagram , we get a steadily value result. This test result appear the first the winglet can increase the force of the raise, and so do the resistance, and the second to have the force of the resistance decreased, it might be better the section of the winglet is not straight but circular.
Development of an ECG-System using AndroidTM and Modified Bluebeatc Hardware
Electrocardiograms are important medical devices used to monitor the cardiac activity of patients over a period of time. Designed to provide convenient monitoring of patients, although most useful, ECG’s however are expensive and usually not portable, limiting its availability and therefore usefulness. Taking advantage of current technological developments, the researchers developed an ECG System with Androidâ„¢ smartphone based monitor, and Bluebeat© ECG Front circuit based electrodes. The system is divided into two, software and hardware interface. The developed software interface code used an Android based Java language which displays the converted ADC values in the LCD. Saving and user friendly features were also included in the smartphone. The hardware interface is composed of the ECG front and the Data Acquisition Module. The ECG front contains the filters and amplifiers that will receive the human cardiac signal. The DAT Module will then receive it with its Gizduino (Arduinoâ„¢ clone) microcontroller which converts the analog signals into ADC values, and finally sends it to the smartphone using Bluetooth© wireless communication. The first phase of data gathering used signal generator and indicates the system’s accuracy and speed. The second phase testing of the study meanwhile utilizes the ECG front to get actual cardiac signals from human. This phase has already been done, though it still needs more polishing and further trials. For the final testing, nine patients of varying ages and cardiac health status will be taken with ECG readings, three replicates from the developed ECG system, and one from an actual ECG device. Using cardiologists’ and patients’ feedback, the user friendliness and accuracy of the ECG-system will be confirmed, and further modifications shall be made. Lastly, the overall cost of producing the ECG system shall be compared to the price of an ECG device, to see if the developed system is indeed cheaper. However, it is ensured that the system is far more portable than its bulkier ancestors. Once the project is fully finished, the accuracy, replicability and usefulness of the system shall be confirmed using F-test.
熱線式渦流流量計
流量計在實驗室與工業領域裡是重要的儀器，如今已經有數十種依不同物理原理而發展出來的型式，可以配合多變的環境需求與測量條件而使用。然而，各種流量計所適用的範圍備受侷限。本研究主要目的在發展一種熱線式的渦流流量計，供給氣體之流量量測之用。透過自行製作儀器與設備：熱線測速儀(包括探針、探棒及電子處理器)和渦旋產生器(管道中含一三角形截面之鈍體，當流體通過時，在後方尾流產生週期性渦旋逸放)。由於熱線測速儀擁有偵測流體運動時高頻動態變化的能力(約為20000 Hz 以內)，因此結合熱線測速儀與渦旋產生器，經適當的設計與調校，可以測得在不同流體流速時渦旋產生器的三角截面鈍體後方渦旋逸放的頻率。由於渦旋產生器的截面面積為固定值，因此可以從而計算出流量與渦旋逸放頻率的關係。經由嚴格的校準與驗證步驟，本研究的結果顯示自製的熱線測速儀擁有極佳的渦旋頻率偵測能力，所量測到的校準曲線顯示渦旋產生器的三角形截面柱所產生的渦旋逸放頻率與流量成線性關係。為了降低誤差，建議在0 ~ 40 CMM 之量測範圍內分成三條方程式來代表不同範圍內的校準曲線，最大誤差僅在5%以下。若需使用在不同的流量範圍時，僅需改變渦流產生器和幾何尺寸，以使渦旋逸放頻率適合於熱線測速儀的動態響應範圍即可。倘若商品化之後，可以實際應用於風扇流量量測、引擎進氣埠流量的測量等等應用。熱線測速儀本身也可作為風速計，適用於各種場合之風速量測。Flow meter is a instrument that is vital to the laboratory as well as the industrial related field. Based on different physical principles, tens of models that work in harmony with the diverse environmental demands and measurement conditions are developed to date. However, the application of varied flow meters is still under severe restriction. The purpose of this study is to develop a hot-wire type of vortex shedding flow meter for the use of flow rate measurement. Through the home-made apparatus and device, the hot-wire anemometer (includes probe, stem and electronic processor) and the vortex generator. (duct that contains triangle’s section of the bluff body. When fluid passes through, the wake behind produces periodical vortex shedding.) The ability of hot-wire anemometer when it detects the fluid moving changes of high-frequent movement is within 2000Hz, after appropriate design and adjustment, the combination of hot-wire anemometer and vortex generator may investigate the frequency of different flow rate that generated from the vortex shedding behind the bluff body of triangle section. The section area of vortex generator is constant value, thus it can calculate the relationship of flow rate and the frequency of vortex shedding. By means of strict calibration and test procedure, the results reveal that home-made hot-wire anemometer has excellent ability to detect the frequency of vortex shedding. The calibration curve indicates a linear relationship between the frequency of vortex shedding and flow rate. In order to reduce inaccuracy, it is suggested to classify three formulas to represent the flow rate that ranges from 0 ~ 40 CMM. The greatest inaccuracy is under 5%. When applied to different flow rate range, it only has to change the size of vortex generator only if the response frequency of hot-wire anemometer suit for the range of frequency of vortex generator. After commercialization, it can be applied to measure the flow rate of fans, flow rate of intake valve of engine, etc. Hot-wire anemometer also served as anemometer, which can be applied to wind velocity measurement in any situation.
利用奈米色料製作彩色蠶繭之研究
由於奈米科技進步，奈米材料應用在產業上具有多功能的性質。本研究使用不同波美度的色料餵食家蠶，以找出最佳的彩色蠶繭色澤，並研究其如何影響家蠶所結出的蠶繭及色料附著在蠶繭上的絲。同時對色料附著的蠶繭進行水洗、光照、微結構的觀察，以試圖找出色料與波美度之最佳組合參數。由本實驗結果得知，利用奈米色料溶液60 ml，在紅色：1.048、藍：1.058、黃：1.039 的參數下，混合飼料30g，可獲得最佳的彩色蠶繭結繭成功率、均勻度較佳、耐褪色與耐洗滌等優點，並且可獲得表面結構光滑且較細的絲徑，約為19.87μm。相對的，一般色料粒徑為微米級，色彩度優於奈米色料，但表面結構較奈米色料粗糙且線徑較粗，約為21.51μm，易於褪色及不耐洗滌。 Because of the great progress of nano-technology, it has the quality of multi-functions to make use of nano-materials on industrial property. The purpose of this study is to find the best colored silkworm cocoons by mixing different consistency of pigments to feed silkworms. At the same time, this study wished to explore how the different consistency of pigments influenced the silkworm cocoons that the silkworms produced. Besides, in order to find the better association between pigments and Baume degrees, this study exposed the cocoons under different lights, washed with different detergents and take observations of micro-structure of the cocoons. The results of this study are as follows: using the nano-pigments 60 ml in different density, that is, red:1.048, blue:1.058, and yellow:1.039, then mixed them with silkworms’ forage 30g , in this way, best successful ratio to get colored cocoons, desired high visual effects in color, well distribution, long duration and strong resistance to detergents agents are obtained. In addition, we can still get glossy appearance and fine cocoons; the wire diameter is about the size of 19.87μm. On contrast, feeding with the ordinary pigments, the degree of colored silk is better than feeding with the nano-pigments, but the appearance of cocoons are rough and the wire diameter is about the size of 21.51μm.
Nareez mall
The Project applicant proposes to develop fahaheel Beach by constructing a mall. This mall will be incipience and unique in Kuwait. The mall is divided to three parts; first part includes shops, Reception, Entertainment areas (cinema, beauty center, gymnasiums), Second part involved a food court for customers who want to stay for long time in the mall., Last part includes outdoor playgrounds, and out door game courts(tennis, foot ball, hand ball, basket ball), out door coffee shop. The intended goal of this project is to provide high quality, cost-effective, unique experiment of shopping and fishing services in accordance with global standards of excellence. Work. The Main task of the preliminary design phase was to balance the equation of any investment commercial project which is to provide a design that serves as an attraction spot for investors, shoppers and visitors. The design of this mall was based on the latest technology and techniques which helped in achieving the desired concept. It has been designed using the highest standards and finest finishing material whether internally or externally. The fine quality of material and high solar performance glass will help in minimizing the electrical load by decreasing the air conditioning load required. All material has been chosen to suit the image and quality to be resembled in the mall and the tower will turn out to be a master piece that has utilized newly introduced up to date building technical installation. The mall will provide a full service of shopping and entertainment facility covering over10,500sq.meter op space within this space are dedicated areas for fitness health, recreation, spa social, dining, entertainment, childcare and beach.
藉由lotus effect 之原理來探討超疏水性表面的製備
超疏水表面(superhydrophobic surface)因其自我清潔效果在近年來引起廣泛的研究及探討，目前世界各大公司皆積極投入自潔性產品(超疏水表面)的研發，但是截至目前為止除了塗料及織物有產品外，其他尚在研發階段。降低表面能及增加表面粗糙度為製作超疏水性表面的兩種方法。本實驗我們針對使用不同方法去仿照自然界植物「蓮花效應」，將二氧化矽粒子適當的分佈在基材表面，以增加粗糙度，製造出超疏水性表面。我們發現鍛燒會使其二氧化矽粒子黏聚在一起，對接觸角的增加無幫助。而在溶膠凝膠的配置過程中直接加入OTS(Octadecyltrichlorosilane)，並利用光散射儀比較二氧化矽奈米顆粒的平均粒徑及粒徑分佈隨時間變化的情形，一段時間後發現會有明顯大顆粒沉澱，塗佈在玻璃基材表面後容易脫落，不適合往後實驗或其他用途。而以氨水催化的溶膠凝膠以不同流速滴入TEOS (Tetraethylorthosilicate，四乙氧基矽)對接觸角的影響也不大。最後我們利用砂紙在基材表面上刷磨，可以使二氧化矽粒子分佈均勻，明顯增加接觸角。塗佈速率的改變搭配疏水性矽烷單分子膜的改質，我們已可以製造出159°的超疏水性表面。Superhydrophobic surfaces are generally made by lowering the surface energy and increasing the surface roughness. In this experiment, we use different methods of spreading silicon dioxide nanoparticles properly on the surface in order to increase the surface roughness and also make superhydrophobic surfaces. In the beginning, we find that the calcinations can cause its silicon dioxide nanoparticles to stick together instead of increasing the contact angles. Then, add OTS (Octadecyltrichlorosilane) directly to manufacture process of sol-gel, and observe the situations of the average length and the spread of silicon dioxide nanoparticles with the time goes by. After a period of time, we will discover that many obvious big particles deposit and spin-coating on the glass surfaces flop easily. Hence, this phenomenon is n’t proper for the following experiments or other uses. However, the contact angles have nothing to do with dropping the sol-gel catalyzed ammonia to TEOS(Tetraethylorthosilicate) by different flowing rates. Finally, it is crucial for us to use the sandpapers to brush on the surfaces because it may cause the silicon dioxide nanoparticles to spread well and obviously increase the contact angles. Combining the silicon dioxide surfaces with the change of spin-coating rate and the cover with hydrophobic SAM, we have made the superhydrophobic surfaces of 159°.
Automated Traffic Light
This Project is inspired by the situation incurred by pedestrians, which for the most part are students who need a crossway in order to obtain public transportation or to get to the school; the difficulties that are faced by the personnel to exit the parking lot as well as the students who have a vehicle and to help those parents who drop and pick up their children at the school. At the same time, we would like to reduce the amount of contaminated gas emissions that are emanated into our environment. As consequence of the emission of toxic substances, the air contamination can cause side effects such as the burning of eyes or ears, throat irritation and itching and or respiratory problems. Under determined circumstances, some chemical substances that are found in the contaminated air can produce cancer, congenital malformation, brain damage and disorders to the nervous system, as well as, pulmonary damage and harm to the respiratory tract. For the present investigation it has been suggested as a primary goal: The development of a device, in this case a traffic light, which has the objective to reduce the previously mentioned traffic/security problems that arise upon entering and exiting the institution. The secondary goal is to have a friendly ecological impact within our community. This device was built and tested during a month to obtain figures and demonstrate benefits reported. The device should be low maintenance, it should have a long lifetime and, be simple enough to be operated by those who use it. Among the benefits found, the safety of the students, the prevention of accidents such as: car crashes and run overs, etc. Our studies indicate that per week it is consumed an average of 2,020.16 liters of gasoline, in schedules of 13 hours (from 7:00 AM to 8:00 PM) to lessen this figure would have a good ecological impact since all the hydrocarbon emission are harmful to health.