工程學

本研究由電影「十面埋伏」中聽音辨位擊鼓的神技獲得啟發，進而探討聽音辨位的原理，並以一對麥克風同步錄音時所產生的左右聲道接收音訊的時間差，來印證聽音辨位的可行性，運用此原理以一般常見的電腦音效卡與廉價的聲波感測器（壓電式蜂鳴片）來實作，並將其應用在彈著點及時顯示系統上。由實作與測試的結果看來，我們的方法可以正確的判斷出音訊資料中左右聲道的時間差，並即時地顯示出彈著點的位置座標，在48公分見方的靶上，平均誤差是1.18公分，還不錯的成果。

近年來在熱聲效應方面的研究產生了許多新發明，如冰淇淋冰箱與太空梭溫控系統等。然而，將熱能轉換成聲能的熱聲引擎，在散熱方面的效用只有被提起而從未被實際應用。本研究參考美國賓州大學「聲學雷射」裝置來研究熱聲引擎的特性，並提出一個以熱聲效應改善微電子器材散熱的裝置。它的優點是由電子裝置產生的熱即可啟動熱聲效應，而熱聲效應所加強的熱對流可降低該電子零件的溫度。實驗中發現透過熱聲效應的強烈散熱，可以大為降溫，由200℃降為50℃左右，這正是當代電腦內中央處理器（CPU）的工作溫度範圍。未來的研究可以針對陣列式的熱聲散熱裝置進行測試。In this project, the characteristics of the thermoacoustic engine were first studied using the “Acoustic Laser” concept. A passive thermoacoustically enhanced convection engine capable of improving the cooling effect of microelectronic devices was then proposed. This design has the advantage that no additional energy input is required, a contrast to the usage of mini-fans in today’s computers. A testbed combining a heated NiCr wire with a glass tube was used to examine the overall cooling effect. In order to evaluate its performance, we measured the following parameters: radiation, convection, conduction, and acoustic radiation. We found that the heat caused by today’s microelectronic devices is sufficiently high to trigger the thermoacoustic effect. Based on this finding, we designed a new configuration to utilize this thermoacoustically enhanced convection to significantly lower the temperature. Our approach has a potential application to tackle the heat problems caused by the rapidly advancing microelectronic devices.

Aims of the project Prevent youth from the -reckless use of the road .shoulder .Reduce the congested roads - Reduce accidents resulting - from the wrong use of the road .shoulder Idea of the Project The control system based road shoulder constantly and actors vis notice of the existence of any prejudice to the safety of road users to take the necessary action against them The beneficiaries of the System With health-Bouts With emergency situations The way the system works When any vehicle parked on the road shoulder remote sensors sensing the vehicle body and the issuance of the initial reference point against the vehicle on the shoulder of a road..And after a period of time known by the concerned and at the same time the system to identify the site and send information to the authority concerned in turn, take the necessary

Recently, there have been several researches aimed at the feasibility of electroactive polymers (EAPs) replacing motors as robotic actuators – the driving forces behind mechanical devices. However, current EAP actuators are either hard to control or incapable of discrete accurate movements. The research aims to design a computer interface that makes it possible for the electroactive polymer, VHB 4910, to become an effective substitute for bulky motors in effecting precise and accurate control of a robotic arm.

在車床上車刀高度需使用墊片校正中心，螺紋刀太高或太低會造成牙角變大，不同的加工又需更換刀具再校正，費時、費力不合成本效率。我們設計出「無調式車刀架」，目的就是取代墊片的繁雜性，可以精準的將刀具對準中心，並隨意更換刀具。

費曼曾說：There is plenty of room at the bottom。喬治亞理工大學的Mostafa El-Sayed 教授發表的癌細胞辨識、與科學月刊報導『台大抗煞一號』引發我們對膠體金粒子的興趣。膠體的性質主要是由界達電位 (zeta potential)決定。參考台科大、成大、中山…等超音波應用研究，提出改良篩選物理法製造之膠體金粒子的儀器設計與製作。經沉降過濾可達平均粒徑 100 nm；而離心式篩選機與超音波管式篩選機可達平均粒徑30 nm。篩選後的膠體粒子以電容原理調控膠體金粒子之界達電位 (zeta potential)，成功地從-30 mV 提升至-59 mV，並發展成電容超音波界達電位控制儀(Capacitor Ultrasonic Zeta Potential Controller)。以膠體金粒子與蛋白質鍵結量來測試調控界達電位的效果，發現蛋白質鍵結量之增加曲線與界達電位的增加曲線的增加趨勢相似；此功能的發現對於生物科技方面的應用應會有很大的幫助。透過界達電位控制系統，本研究達到費曼先生所期望的「在原子或分子的尺度上來加工材料和製造設備」。“There is plenty room at the bottom.” The words of Mr. Feynman are the beginning of nano technology. Mostafa El-Sayed, a professor of Georgia Institute Technology, identified cancer cells through nano gold-antibody complex. So, our study focuses on the zeta potential of colloidal gold particles. At first, the filtering method and equipments were developed. The theories were based on the ultrasonic studies of universities such as National Taiwan University of Science and Technology. Then the colloidal gold’s sizes were filtered to100 nm through settling. At last, by using Continual-Filtering Centrifuge (CoCe.) and Tube Well Mass (TW-MS), the mean particles sizes can be filtered to 30 nm. The most important results are: Zeta potential of the gold colloid was controlled with Capacitor Ultrasonic Zeta Potential Controller. The zeta potential can be raised from -30 mV up to -59 mV, which is -20 mV higher than the conventional pH-changing way. The function of zeta potential to protein binding quantity was tested. The increasing curves of zeta potential and protein binding quantity were similar. This property would be a significance of biotechnology. Thourgh Capacitor Ultrasonic Zeta Potential Control system, the zeta potential’s limitation of gold colliod, which is produced by SANSS (Submerged Arc Nanoparticles Synthesis System), can be controled in a wilder range. The study which is focused on nano-scale, like the wish of Mr. Feynman – “To manufacture material and produce equipment in atom and molecular scale”.

本研究計畫之目的在建立一個家蠶自動注射系統，並應用此系統讓家蠶生產具特定抗菌蛋白之蠶絲，製成抗菌繃帶。使用家蠶為載體生產特定基因工程蛋白，具有成本低廉、產量大、品質較好等優點，而家蠶自動注射系統可以大幅增加其生產基因工程蛋白蠶絲的效率。本研究中先進行家蠶表皮組織之研究，找出家蠶的最佳注射點。其次使用電流變液做為介質，設計了可控快速家蠶固定系統，並使用單一攝影機進行影像辨識，進行注射器之雙軸定位。接著發展出小液量之微量注射器，每次注射量可低至2 l。系統中並設計一圓盤式輸送系統，可快速運送家蠶至定點接受注射。研究後段以實驗控制桿狀病毒之濃度，讓家蠶產出具特定抗菌蛋白之蠶絲，並使用該蠶絲製成抗菌繃帶，可有效保護傷口免於特定細菌之感染。

最古老之動力機械為蒸氣引擎，在早期蒸氣火車發電機皆由蒸氣引擎發展而來，本研究即利用最古老之蒸氣引擎(俗稱飛龍引擎)之製作，以探討內燃機之基本理論以作為模型引擎設計之基礎。在飛龍引擎製作中，歷經引擎無法轉動之痛苦，並極力找尋一百年前發明蒸氣引擎之同樣思考，最後找尋到引擎啟動之合適尺寸，再用其尺寸延伸做實驗，以發展其理論，最後發現引擎設計之重要變數如管長﹑火焰﹑本身重量均為設計中重要因數，最後用正式機械設計方式完成第四代引擎亦正式運轉，可見本蒸氣引擎之設計基礎具有相當實用之基礎。The oldest locomotive engine was the steam engine. All early steam locomotives were developed from the steam engine (Heron engine) and this research project uses the Heron engine to explore the fundamental theories behind the internal combustion engine as a model for basic engine design. During the production stage of the Heron model, there were difficulties with engine rotation, and so efforts were made to find the same thought processes involved in producing the steam engine 100 years ago. The dimension appropriate for moving the engine was first found, and then the idea was extended with experimentation of the size in order to develop the theory of engine design. In the end, the length of the steam hose, the strength of flame, and the actual weight of engine were all found to be important factors of design. Finally, the fourth generation Heron engine was able to rotate properly using the proper engine design method, so it can be seen that the fundamentals of steam engine design has quite a practical engine design basis.

無尾翼飛行器(Tailless Aircraft)在軍事上的價值極大，且對於目前正在起步的微飛行載具(Micro Air Vehicle)而言，亦是值得嘗試與投資的。然而，由於無尾翼飛行器缺乏用以平衡的水平尾翼，造成其靜態的不穩定，即使設法提高靜態穩定特性，但其氣動力阻尼低、穩定性仍舊不佳。操縱上更是困難，在飛行穩定性與控制系統設計上極其挑戰性。本研究目的在探討無尾翼飛行器之穩定性與控制技術，改善其先天之不穩定特性，考慮之項目有縱向靜態穩定性、動態穩定性、控制面與組件配置等因素等進行詳細之探討。首先，找出了適用於無尾翼飛行器之Reflex翼形，接著建立無尾翼飛行器之非線性縱向動態模式，然後針對一翼展8Ocm之小型飛行器進行外型設計，並觀察分析其實際飛行狀態，再以理論與經驗公式估算無尾翼飛行器之氣動力導數，探討其飛行穩定與操控性能。此外，並運用古典控制PID控制法則，設計控制器進行非線性受控系統之動態響應模擬。由模擬結果可看出，經由翼剖面改變與控制系統的輔助下，大幅提高了其性能，使得無尾翼飛行器克服了先天的不穩定特性，更提高了其發展空間 The tailless aircraft has a great value on the military use. Meanwhile, it is worthwhile to try and to invest in it for the investigation of MAV(Micro Air Vehicle), which is being developed now. However, because of lacking horizontal tail which is used for balance, the tailless aircraft is static unstable. Even with the attempt to enhance its characteristics of static stability, the stability of the tailless aircraft is still poor for the sake of it's low damping in aerodynamics. Therefore, it is a challenge to flight stability and control system designing. The purposes of this research are to study the stability and the control technique of the tailless aircraft. To improve its congenital lacking of stability, thought over the longitudinal static stability, dynamic stability and control system. First, find the "Reflex" airfoil is suitable for the tailless aircraft. Second, set up a non-linear and longitudinal dynamic model of the tailless aircraft. Third, design an 80cm span small airplane. Hence, observe and analyze its flying condition. Finally, utilize the theoretical and experiential equations to estimate the aerodynamic derivatives and investigate its stability and controllability. Besides, use the PID controller to proceeded the time-response simulation of the non-linear system. The result of simulation shows that the performance is improved through the change of the airfoil and with the auxiliary of the control system. With this improvement, the tailless aircraft overcome the congenital lacking of stability to broaden its utilization potential.

演奏樂器時，是使發聲體產生駐波而發出各式各樣悠揚的聲音及音調；樂器主要分成振動體(發聲體)及共鳴器兩部分，依發音方式分為弦樂器(使弦振動產生駐波)、管樂器(利用空氣柱振動產生駐波) 及打擊樂器(利用板、膜或磚等彈性材料的固有頻率振動產生駐波)。聲音有三要素：振幅、頻率及波型，響度取決於振幅大小、音調與頻率有關、波型則由不同的頻率及響度組成。樂音多變的主因是音色及音調。音色是發聲體的發音特性，取決於該發聲體的聲波波型。音調即聲音的高低，與發聲體的振動頻率材質息息相關，頻率愈高，其音調愈高，而樂曲中的音階高低則是由音調高低所構成。樂曲的製作及演奏必涉及到律制，從駐波的產生、律制的探討、頻率的測量和琴鍵的振動模型建立與波形的觀察，我們使用計頻器、示波器及有限元素ANSYS 軟體、數學計算Mathematica 軟體，我們設計一系列實驗，企圖對樂器聲波操作技巧有更進一步的認知。從實地走訪樂器製造廠，了解到設計與改良仍是樂器工藝家重要課題，本文的實驗方法可提供大型演奏會現場調音、樂器調音師或樂器工藝家設計製造樂器時參考用，對於發展文化產業期待提供更經濟與實用的建議。;Playing musical instrument is to make sounding part produce stationary wave so as to give off various gentle sounds and tones. According to different modes of sound producing, musical instruments which comprise vibrator (sounding part) and resonator can be divided into stringed instruments (which vibrate the strings to produce stationary wave), wind instruments (which produce stationary wave with vibration of the air column) and percussion instruments (which produce stationary wave with natural frequency of boards, films or bricks). Three Essentials of sound include amplitude, frequency and waveform, in which the amplitude decides the volume, tones are related to frequency and the waveforms are composed of different frequency and volume. Various musical sounds are mainly due to different timbres and tones. Timbres, sounding characteristics of sounding part, is decided by waveform of the sounding part. Tone means pitch of the sound and is closely related to vibrating frequency of sounding part. Higher frequency makes higher tones and pitch of a musical scale is decided by different tones. Music composing and playing is necessarily connected with music temperament including producing of stationary wave, discussion of temperament, measurement of frequency, establishment of vibrating mode of keys and observation of waveform. We adopted frequency counter, wave inspector, ANSYS software and Mathematica software and designed a series of experiment to get further knowledge of technique of handling musical instrument wave. After visiting musical instrument manufacturers, we learnt that design and improvement are still the essential subjects for instrument craftsmen. Experimental method in his article can provide reference for on-the-spot tuning of large concert, musical instrument tuner and musical instrument designing and manufacturing by craftsmen, and more economic and practical suggestion for cultural industry development.