極速骨牌-骨牌終端速度及鏈鎖反應機制之探討
本研究主要在探討骨牌脈波在傳遞時的速度變化，並比較在不同的骨牌和不同的排列方式下骨牌的終端速度有何種差異；同時也研究骨牌在鏈鎖反應下能量的放大現象。觀察後發現單列骨牌脈波在傳遞一段距離後，由於空氣阻力的影響，脈波將會達到一終端速度，此終端速度與骨牌高度成反比，而與骨牌質量平方成正比。骨牌的脈波傳遞在鏈鎖反應下仍有一終端速度，但大於單列之骨牌脈波速，且鏈鎖反應具有放大推力之功能。由我們的研究可預測一列物體傾倒時所花費時間和所能達到之終端速度，而鏈鎖反應可比擬為一雷射模型能量集中和釋放的機制，相信可利用骨牌儲存能量的機制應用於需迅速釋能的機械中 This research is mainly discussing the changing of velocity of a domino pulse, and comparing the terminal velocity of various kinds of dominos and arresting modules. Also we focus on the energy-enlarging fact of chain-reaction of domino series. We found that after running a distance, the pulse of a single-series domino will finally reach a terminal velocity by the friction force of air. The terminal velocity will inversely proportion to the height of a single domino, and will proportion to the square of mass of a single domino. During a chain-reaction, the pulse still has a terminal velocity, but it is higher than the terminal velocity of a single series domino .The chain-reaction has an ability to enlarge the original force, too. By the research, we are able to predict the time interval and the terminal velocity while a series of objects are falling. On the other hand, the chain reaction is similar with mechanism of energy concentration and emission of LASER. We also believe that this mechanism is able to explain and apply to those machines which need to release energy rapidly.
Transformer Robot
Nicholas’s project is a transforming robot, who he has named Reggie. He's about a foot tall and can transform from a biped into a vehicle and vice versa?\r Reggie has been Nick’s project for just under a year now, mainly working on him in technology classes. He operates without physical connection to anything else, so everything he needs from micro controllers to power is stored somewhere on Reggie’s body?\r Reggie is controlled through a programmable Arduino board (programmed in C++) that is connected up to a motor driver, for controlling the two driving motors and an SSC-32 servo controller for controlling the 14 servos via serial port. The Arduino uses the SSC-32 to coordinate the servos movements using pre-programmed sets of movements stored in procedures in order to complete all actions.\r All the parts were produced on a 3D CAD system to begin with, as well as the robot as a whole, although the design did change drastically over the course of its construction and now is considerably different from the original design as there were many problems and complications ranging from space to torque issues that called for a change in design.\r Most of the parts were from the servo erector set from lynx motion, although some of them were used in the way they were intended to and most of them were modified slightly. Some parts Nick manufactured himself either on a rapid prototyping machine, a lathe or milling machine and sometimes a combination of them or even high temperature soldiering?\r Currently Reggie is capable of driving and standing up and is currently radio controlled. He will eventually be capable of walking and modifications to allow him to (such as stronger leg servos) have been made to facilitate that, but it is possible more may have to be made.
應用垂直循環層流淨化水質之研究
The results of the thermal diffusion experimental show that the separation efficient\r increases with increasing ΔT, but decreases with increasing Q at C0 constant. When\r Q is kept constant, the efficient of change ΔT are small, and the maximum at C0 about\r 545 mg/L. The purification efficient of raw water for thermal diffusion is low.\r And it is high energy consumption, difficult operation, and high costs. So the potential\r of the application is low. Therefore, the vertical circulatory laminar flow apparatus\r was developed in this study. And the separation equation of this apparatus was also\r set up. The results of vertical circulatory laminar flow experimental show that\r the efficient increase with increasing V, and the optimum conditions are at about\r Q= 1.05 L/min, C0=800±50 mg/L, and V=26 cm/min. The separation efficient of the\r vertical circulatory laminar flow apparatus is higher than thermal diffusion apparatus.\r And its energy consumption and costs are low, and easy to operate. Since all interior\r moveable plates have two operation sides, so the multiple channel apparatus is application.\r Therefore, the multiple channel apparatus can treat large amount raw water and has\r low costs. The efficient of the experimental all are better than the theoretical\r values that may due to: (1)the assumed partical diameter is too small,(2)the flow\r is not real laminar flow, and (3)the end-side effect is not considerate.
\r 熱擴散實驗結果顯示在固定C0下，分離成效隨ΔT增加而增高，但隨進料流率增加而降低。在固定ΔT下，分離效率亦隨進料流率增加而降低。固定進料流率下，增加ΔT對分離效果的影響不大，以C0=545±10\r mg/L時，顯現出最佳成效。採用熱擴散裝置雖對降低原水中之懸浮微粒含量效果有限，且能源需求高，造成高成本和操作複雜，不具實用潛力。為提高分離原水微粒之成率，以及簡化操作與降低成本，本研究開發垂直旋轉帶裝置來製造出上下循環水流，並導出水流與微粒於其中之流速分布式，以及頂部、底部出口之微粒濃度計算式。垂直循環轉帶實驗結果，顯示提高V值有助於降低Ct/Cb比值；Q=\r 1.05 L/min左右、C0=800±50 mg/L下與V在26 cm/min左右，均有較低之Ct/Cb比值。垂直旋轉帶裝置分離成效明顯優於熱擴散裝置，且設備簡單、能源需求低與操作容易。由於旋轉帶之兩面均可以做為移動平板，因此不僅可以用來處理大量之高濁度原水，也能更具經濟效益。由理論與實驗結果之比較，顯示理論成效較實驗差，探討其原因可能是：(1)平均粒徑之假設值偏低、(2)流場並非全然以層流流動、(3)兩端終端效應未加考慮等。
High Speed Size-exclusion Chromatography (SEC) Using Spherical Meso-structured Cellular Foam (MCF)
Size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) is often used to determine the molecular weights of and separate polymers and proteins. The porous packing of the SEC column effects the separation of molecules, with larger molecules eluting earlier. Interest in high-speed SEC for larger molecules has been building, especially for combinatorial polymerization reactions and online SEC-MS applications. Mechanical stability of the packing, which siliceous materials have more of than polymeric ones, therefore needs to be improved. Several silicas have been explored but limited pore sizes and pore volumes have restricted their usage to separating small molecules. Siliceous MCF templated using oil-in-water microemulsions has good potential for SEC packing because it has ultralarge pore size (20-50 nm), high porosity and sturdy skeleton. However conventional MCF consists of highly irregular particles and hence cannot be used as packing.