工程學

多變色膽固醇型液晶面板為利用具雙穩態(Bistable)特性及因螺距不同而反射特定波長的膽固醇型液晶(CLC)。本研究創新作法為二：一、利用固化的方式使膽固醇型液晶螺距大小不同，使變色機制不同於一般電腦液晶面板，所製的液晶面板為以液晶的特性變色。二、將液晶螢幕中控制液晶的IPS 系統、側邊電極應用於液晶白板中。雙層液晶白板上層為混合E7(向列型液晶)+S811(旋光物質)的Bistable CLC，下層為混合RM82、CB15、BL006、I-369 的多變色(Multi-color)CLC 面板。The main purpose of the research plan lies in the application of the CLC. By using the Cholesteric －the bistable and the wavelength due to different pitch sizes－ we can make liquid crystal whiteboard. First, by heating and curing, we are able to cause the pitch sizes of CLC to be different. Unlike the commonly used LCD in computers, the features of CLC itself are applied to the color changing mechanism we make. Second, we apply the IPS horizontal electric field and flank electrode to our LCD whiteboard. In making the Multi-color CLC Display, we mix RM82, CB15 and BL006.

本文研究風洞中之風帆在不同條件下，受風吹拂所產生之升力與阻力關係，並探討及成功 的以數學模型解釋其原因，此研究結果可應用於帆船帆面之設計。其主要探討之變因為以下 之五種： (一) 風速大小對帆船帆面之受力關係：當帆面與風向垂直時，在低風速時，實際測值較接近 風速的一次方的函數關係。高風速時，實際測值接近為風速的二次方的函數關係。 (二) 帆面積大小與受風推進力之關係：當帆面與風向垂直時，在風速固定風速下實驗，得到 面積與風對帆推力成正比。 (三) 順風航行時，帆面之攻角(θ)與受風推進力之關係：航行方向的力與sin 2θ 成正比關係。 (四) 側風航行時，帆面之攻角(θ)與受風推進力之關係：帆面在攻角大於 45°時，航行方向的力與sin θcosθ 有相當程度的吻合，而在攻角0°~45°之間則與飛機攻 角升力資料相接近。 (五) 初步探討雙桅帆與單桅帆面受風推進力之不同：發現其在側風時能有效的減少失速的現 象，在帆面高攻角時，能減少失速現象，依然可以持續穩定的航行，我們也可推想出飛機 的機翼前段的縫翼功能也是如此。 This article is derived from our research of relation between lifting power and its resistant power produced via wind-blow in a wind tunnel under different terms and condition, also to discuss and to explain their causes successfully via mathematics models, thus, the result of this study may be applied in designing of sail-surfaces of sails boats. Its major discussion can be included into the below 5 kinds: - Relation of (1) Relation of sizes of wind-speed against reacceptance of aerodynamic forces over sail-surface: When sail-surface and wind direction becomes horizontal, under low coin-speed, practical measured-value is rather close to wind-speed's linear function relation. When in nigh wind-speed, the practical measured-value is rather close to wind-speed's quadratic function relation. (2) Relation of size of sail-surface and pushing power of wind: When sail-surface and wind direction becomes horizontal, an experiment was made under fixed wind speed, the result obtained is sail-surface size and pushing wind power toward sail is in direct proportion. (3) When it is in “round-the-clock wise” navigation the angle of attack (θ) of sail-surface and the relation with wind's pushing power: Strength of navigation direction and sin2θconforming direct proportion. (4) When it is in side-wind navigation, the angle of attack (θ) and pushing power by wind relation; When the sail surface is in the angle of attack (θ) greater than 45o, the navigation direction power and sinθcosθhas certain extent of conformity, and between angle of attack e 0o-45o, happens to be very appropriate with aircraft's angle of attack and lifting power data. Fundamental discussion of Double Masts Sail boats and Single Mast Sail boats comparing differences of wind-aided pushing power: It was found that stall phenomena could be decreased effectively, when it is side-winded, especially, when the sail-surface is at high angle of attack, it could decrease Stall phenomena, and could maintain stable navigation. We can also assume that the front section of aircraft aide-wing’s function exactly the same.

本研究以碳化矽(SiC)奈米粉末加入去離子水中，插入銅電極加以電壓進行其表面帶電性的研究。研究中發現SiC奈米粉末的表面帶有負電荷，且加以電壓後，SiC奈米粉末會沉澱下來。利用場發射掃描式電子顯微鏡(SEM)及X-光繞射儀(X-RD)檢測其性質，發現加以電壓使奈米粉末失去電荷而聚集沉澱。同時經由製作不同酸鹼度SiC奈米粉末溶液的陽極極化曲線發現pH值越大，SiC奈米粉末表面電位越高，開放電路電位越小。本研究實驗過程中發現pH值2之SiC奈米粉末溶液加過電壓後，正極生成一透明薄膜狀物質，極有可能是導電鍍膜，應用價值極高。本研究已先進行微硬度試驗與金相實驗，將由長庚大學機械系研究所進行更深入檢測與研究。The electrochemical behavior of the SiC-nanopowder in deionized water was studied. The electrochemical cell was composed of two pure copper electrodes, across which different voltages were applied. The morphology of the nanopowders or even with reacted products was examined using field emission electron microscope(FESEM) and the corresponding phases were identified with X-ray diffraction method(XRD). The experimental results show that tha nano-powders precipitated at the surface of the anodic copper electrode and in the same time the nanopowders in the solution aggregated when 20 volts were applied across two electrodes. That is, net negative charge could be induced around the nanopowder. Deposition rate of the aggregated powders in the various pH-value solutions was evaluated and the aggregated powders were examined with FESEM. The higher Zeta potential of the SiC-nanopowder was examined as the nanopowders immersed in the higher pH value solution. The nanopowders aggregated themselves as the pH value under 2. The anodic polarization behavior of the copper electrode in SiC- nanopowder solution was measured and the results were compared with the aforementioned tests.

Size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) is often used to determine the molecular weights of and separate polymers and proteins. The porous packing of the SEC column effects the separation of molecules, with larger molecules eluting earlier. Interest in high-speed SEC for larger molecules has been building, especially for combinatorial polymerization reactions and online SEC-MS applications. Mechanical stability of the packing, which siliceous materials have more of than polymeric ones, therefore needs to be improved. Several silicas have been explored but limited pore sizes and pore volumes have restricted their usage to separating small molecules. Siliceous MCF templated using oil-in-water microemulsions has good potential for SEC packing because it has ultralarge pore size (20-50 nm), high porosity and sturdy skeleton. However conventional MCF consists of highly irregular particles and hence cannot be used as packing.

本研究主要在探討骨牌脈波在傳遞時的速度變化，並比較在不同的骨牌和不同的排列方式下骨牌的終端速度有何種差異；同時也研究骨牌在鏈鎖反應下能量的放大現象。觀察後發現單列骨牌脈波在傳遞一段距離後，由於空氣阻力的影響，脈波將會達到一終端速度，此終端速度與骨牌高度成反比，而與骨牌質量平方成正比。骨牌的脈波傳遞在鏈鎖反應下仍有一終端速度，但大於單列之骨牌脈波速，且鏈鎖反應具有放大推力之功能。由我們的研究可預測一列物體傾倒時所花費時間和所能達到之終端速度，而鏈鎖反應可比擬為一雷射模型能量集中和釋放的機制，相信可利用骨牌儲存能量的機制應用於需迅速釋能的機械中 This research is mainly discussing the changing of velocity of a domino pulse, and comparing the terminal velocity of various kinds of dominos and arresting modules. Also we focus on the energy-enlarging fact of chain-reaction of domino series. We found that after running a distance, the pulse of a single-series domino will finally reach a terminal velocity by the friction force of air. The terminal velocity will inversely proportion to the height of a single domino, and will proportion to the square of mass of a single domino. During a chain-reaction, the pulse still has a terminal velocity, but it is higher than the terminal velocity of a single series domino .The chain-reaction has an ability to enlarge the original force, too. By the research, we are able to predict the time interval and the terminal velocity while a series of objects are falling. On the other hand, the chain reaction is similar with mechanism of energy concentration and emission of LASER. We also believe that this mechanism is able to explain and apply to those machines which need to release energy rapidly.

Nicholas’s project is a transforming robot, who he has named Reggie. He's about a foot tall and can transform from a biped into a vehicle and vice versa?\r Reggie has been Nick’s project for just under a year now, mainly working on him in technology classes. He operates without physical connection to anything else, so everything he needs from micro controllers to power is stored somewhere on Reggie’s body?\r Reggie is controlled through a programmable Arduino board (programmed in C++) that is connected up to a motor driver, for controlling the two driving motors and an SSC-32 servo controller for controlling the 14 servos via serial port. The Arduino uses the SSC-32 to coordinate the servos movements using pre-programmed sets of movements stored in procedures in order to complete all actions.\r All the parts were produced on a 3D CAD system to begin with, as well as the robot as a whole, although the design did change drastically over the course of its construction and now is considerably different from the original design as there were many problems and complications ranging from space to torque issues that called for a change in design.\r Most of the parts were from the servo erector set from lynx motion, although some of them were used in the way they were intended to and most of them were modified slightly. Some parts Nick manufactured himself either on a rapid prototyping machine, a lathe or milling machine and sometimes a combination of them or even high temperature soldiering?\r Currently Reggie is capable of driving and standing up and is currently radio controlled. He will eventually be capable of walking and modifications to allow him to (such as stronger leg servos) have been made to facilitate that, but it is possible more may have to be made.

本研究的目的在於設計出一機械裝置，使振翅翼的升力比傳統的設計能更有效率的提升，並經由實驗證實此種機械裝置理論的正確性。在觀察有關鳥類飛行過程的錄影帶及尋找鳥類相關的資料且界定欲實驗的種類和現有的能力及資源後，本研究中設計出三種可行的振翅翼機械裝置，並進行在相同風速、相同振翅頻率(每分鐘振翅翼拍動144 下)的條件下，測試在不同振翅翼機械設計條件下的升力系數，在實驗中發現既有而廣泛的應用於玩具上的振翅翼設計與固定面振翅翼的設計，二者在拍打的過程中各有優缺點，而第三種的半活動面振翅翼設計，在拍打時能排除前者的缺失而同時擁有前兩種的優點。此種半活動面振翅翼機械裝置大大的提升了振翅翼的升力，且在設計上與現有的形式差異不大，若能更進一步的在機構上做更精密的改良設計，則將可大大提昇現有振翅機的性能。The study on the flapping wings with various angle of attack and different wing designs have been done. Three types of wing have been examined in a home-build wind tunnel . One is a membrane wing with fixed leading-edge support, the second is a membrane wing with both fixed leading-edge and fixed-web support , the third wing is a membrane wing with fixed leading-edge support and half-free-joint web support , with varions web length and web curvature under different angle of attacks , the wind tunnel testing results show that the half-free-joint web support membrane wing with fixed leading-edge can offer a much higher lift coefficient . It is suggested that the third type wing is the best choice for designing the future flapping wing vehicle.

The paper is to research the method how to prevent the torque down under the higher rotation of the single cylinder with two stroke’s engine and increasing the engine’s torque oppositely. By the process of adjusting （1）changing the weight and the position of the balance block（2） adjusting the exhausting time of the outlet valve（3）to decrease the weight and structure of the crank itself adequately. it is find that the engine’s torque was increased at the situation of higher rotational engine. After the adjusting of the process we have the following result：（1）at the higher revolution zone of the engine. the torque can be maintained and increased（2）the higher revolute efficiently value can be obtained by the correct adjusting of the exhaust time of the outlet valve without increasing the fuel.本研究主要是探討單汽缸二行程高轉速引擎在高轉速時扭力能延遲下降，使扭力增加。我們是利用二行程引擎高效率的結構和現有空間來提升引擎效能。經(1)改變曲軸配重塊之重量及位子移動 (2)調整引擎排氣時間 (3)適度減輕曲軸重量及結構等三項，改良後證明，確定能使扭力提升，和延伸到較高的轉速區。經過調整程序，可獲下列重要結果：(1)在引擎高轉速時，可增加較大的扭力值 (2)藉由適當的排氣時間調整，在不增加燃油供給條件下，可獲得較高的迴轉效率。

在本研究中，我模仿蟑螂的行走方式，來製作可以在各種地形以不減速的方式前進的機器車。在偶然機會下，我觀察到，蟑螂可以順利爬越米堆，因此對蟑螂的運動方式感到興趣。我用微型網路攝影機拍攝及觀察蟑螂的行走方式。發現蟑螂在快速行走時，是以三隻腳為一組，六腳兩組交互進行前進的動作。由於三點構成一平面，使蟑螂在快速移動時，相當的平穩。我將此原理融入蟑螂車的設計，並根據這個原理，利用舊玩具四驅車改裝成「六驅車」，成功的製作出模仿六足昆蟲行走方式且可以在各種地形順利前進的機器車。為了更客觀的比較，我應用樂高積木的馬達組合，製作了一部純轉動前進的六輪傳動車，及另一部轉動兼走動的六輪蟑螂車。並利用微電腦控制兩種車維持相同的驅動速度前進(93.33 rpm)，於各種路面實地測試，證實蟑螂車越野的性能的確強很多。未來若可以將六足昆蟲行走方式的概念應用到汽車製造，車輛的越野性能必然大幅提昇。\r \r In this research, I developed a six-wheel driving vehicle simulating the movement of cockroach. The resultant motion machine can un-intermittedly run on terrains without speeding down. Occasionally, I observed that the cockroaches can crossover a heap of rice. Therefore, I was very interested in and eager to learn how cockroach runs. I recorded the movements of cockroaches by using mini web camera and analyzed the moving characteristics of cockroaches. It was discovered that the cockroach marches quickly by interchanging two groups of foot in which each group consists of three feet. As a table can be supported by three legs, the cockroach runs steadily and rapidly. I have designed a motocross vehicle based on the mechanism of the way that cockroach runs. A six-wheel driving car is constructed by modifying four-wheel driving toy cars. By simulating the motion complex of six-foot insects, the six-wheel driving car turns out to be an all-terrain vehicle. To be more objective in comparison, I built two types of six-wheel driving cars by utilizing the LEGO TECHNIC motor building set: one with regular and synchronous rotation, and the other one with eccentric shaft rotation emulating cockroach marching movement. I applied a microprocessor to control the motors in order to maintain the same driving speed (93.33 rpm) for both cars during the road test. The experimental results show that the proposed cockroach motocross car performs superiorly especially for the rugged terrain. In the future, the off-road capability of a jeep can be improved by introducing the concept of six-foot insect movement to vehicle design.

This project aims to improve the quality of toilet hygiene. The product designed should fulfill the requirements of being an environmentally friendly, user friendly and economical toilet seat system which guarantees the safety and hygiene of the toilet. This project also aims to discover the efficiency of the toilet seat system in eliminating pathogens through conducting various experiments.\r In this project, the photocatalytic property of titanium dioxide is applied. When titanium dioxide is under exposure to ultraviolet radiation, they generate free radicals, which are efficient oxidizers of organic substances. Also, research has shown that the safest ultraviolet light used will be UVA. Thus, by using titanium dioxide paint under exposure to ultraviolet light to oxidize pathogens and toxins, the aims will be achieved. Other than that, experiments will be conducted to explore the efficiency of titanium dioxide under exposure to UV radiation in eliminating pathogens by counting the number of bacteria on the toilet seat system after different time intervals the seat system has been turned on.\r The procedure of constructing the product includes drafting the product, purchasing the appropriate apparatus and materials, constructing the prototype, and checking if the product fits the goals set. Lastly, improving the design based on the flaws found during the checking procedure, as well as checking the product to see if it fits the original goals set.\r The procedure of the experiments aimed to explore the efficiency of titanium dioxide under exposure to UV radiation in eliminating pathogens conducted includes\r counting the number of bacteria on the toilet seat system after different time intervals by inoculation of bacteria on the agar plates.\r Test results showed that the number of bacteria had a steady and notable decline after different time intervals. Results also showed that bacteria would be thoroughly terminated after the system had been turned on for at most one hour. The information was then used to set the delay timer to restrict the amount of time the ultraviolet lamp was turned on to save energy.\r Moreover, the toilet seat system has also been improved so that it will complete the automatic cleaning procedure even without the user lowering the toilet seat. This improvement was made so that the product could be more convenient to toilet users.\r The system also deodorizes the toilet as the oxidization of bacteria and organic substances reduces the putrid odor released by them when they carry out chemical reactions.\r In conclusion, the project succeeds in accomplishing the goals set and is capable of improving the quality of toilet hygiene, especially in common households. The project is also successful in finding out that the toilet seat system is efficient in eliminating pathogens.