東方帆船推進原理探討
本文研究風洞中之風帆在不同條件下，受風吹拂所產生之升力與阻力關係，並探討及成功 的以數學模型解釋其原因，此研究結果可應用於帆船帆面之設計。其主要探討之變因為以下 之五種： (一) 風速大小對帆船帆面之受力關係：當帆面與風向垂直時，在低風速時，實際測值較接近 風速的一次方的函數關係。高風速時，實際測值接近為風速的二次方的函數關係。 (二) 帆面積大小與受風推進力之關係：當帆面與風向垂直時，在風速固定風速下實驗，得到 面積與風對帆推力成正比。 (三) 順風航行時，帆面之攻角(θ)與受風推進力之關係：航行方向的力與sin 2θ 成正比關係。 (四) 側風航行時，帆面之攻角(θ)與受風推進力之關係：帆面在攻角大於 45°時，航行方向的力與sin θcosθ 有相當程度的吻合，而在攻角0°~45°之間則與飛機攻 角升力資料相接近。 (五) 初步探討雙桅帆與單桅帆面受風推進力之不同：發現其在側風時能有效的減少失速的現 象，在帆面高攻角時，能減少失速現象，依然可以持續穩定的航行，我們也可推想出飛機 的機翼前段的縫翼功能也是如此。 This article is derived from our research of relation between lifting power and its resistant power produced via wind-blow in a wind tunnel under different terms and condition, also to discuss and to explain their causes successfully via mathematics models, thus, the result of this study may be applied in designing of sail-surfaces of sails boats. Its major discussion can be included into the below 5 kinds: - Relation of (1) Relation of sizes of wind-speed against reacceptance of aerodynamic forces over sail-surface: When sail-surface and wind direction becomes horizontal, under low coin-speed, practical measured-value is rather close to wind-speed's linear function relation. When in nigh wind-speed, the practical measured-value is rather close to wind-speed's quadratic function relation. (2) Relation of size of sail-surface and pushing power of wind: When sail-surface and wind direction becomes horizontal, an experiment was made under fixed wind speed, the result obtained is sail-surface size and pushing wind power toward sail is in direct proportion. (3) When it is in “round-the-clock wise” navigation the angle of attack (θ) of sail-surface and the relation with wind's pushing power: Strength of navigation direction and sin2θconforming direct proportion. (4) When it is in side-wind navigation, the angle of attack (θ) and pushing power by wind relation; When the sail surface is in the angle of attack (θ) greater than 45o, the navigation direction power and sinθcosθhas certain extent of conformity, and between angle of attack e 0o-45o, happens to be very appropriate with aircraft's angle of attack and lifting power data. Fundamental discussion of Double Masts Sail boats and Single Mast Sail boats comparing differences of wind-aided pushing power: It was found that stall phenomena could be decreased effectively, when it is side-winded, especially, when the sail-surface is at high angle of attack, it could decrease Stall phenomena, and could maintain stable navigation. We can also assume that the front section of aircraft aide-wing’s function exactly the same.
High Speed Size-exclusion Chromatography (SEC) Using Spherical Meso-structured Cellular Foam (MCF)
Size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) is often used to determine the molecular weights of and separate polymers and proteins. The porous packing of the SEC column effects the separation of molecules, with larger molecules eluting earlier. Interest in high-speed SEC for larger molecules has been building, especially for combinatorial polymerization reactions and online SEC-MS applications. Mechanical stability of the packing, which siliceous materials have more of than polymeric ones, therefore needs to be improved. Several silicas have been explored but limited pore sizes and pore volumes have restricted their usage to separating small molecules. Siliceous MCF templated using oil-in-water microemulsions has good potential for SEC packing because it has ultralarge pore size (20-50 nm), high porosity and sturdy skeleton. However conventional MCF consists of highly irregular particles and hence cannot be used as packing.
超越極限的越野蟑螂車
在本研究中，我模仿蟑螂的行走方式，來製作可以在各種地形以不減速的方式前進的機器車。在偶然機會下，我觀察到，蟑螂可以順利爬越米堆，因此對蟑螂的運動方式感到興趣。我用微型網路攝影機拍攝及觀察蟑螂的行走方式。發現蟑螂在快速行走時，是以三隻腳為一組，六腳兩組交互進行前進的動作。由於三點構成一平面，使蟑螂在快速移動時，相當的平穩。我將此原理融入蟑螂車的設計，並根據這個原理，利用舊玩具四驅車改裝成「六驅車」，成功的製作出模仿六足昆蟲行走方式且可以在各種地形順利前進的機器車。為了更客觀的比較，我應用樂高積木的馬達組合，製作了一部純轉動前進的六輪傳動車，及另一部轉動兼走動的六輪蟑螂車。並利用微電腦控制兩種車維持相同的驅動速度前進(93.33 rpm)，於各種路面實地測試，證實蟑螂車越野的性能的確強很多。未來若可以將六足昆蟲行走方式的概念應用到汽車製造，車輛的越野性能必然大幅提昇。\r \r In this research, I developed a six-wheel driving vehicle simulating the movement of cockroach. The resultant motion machine can un-intermittedly run on terrains without speeding down. Occasionally, I observed that the cockroaches can crossover a heap of rice. Therefore, I was very interested in and eager to learn how cockroach runs. I recorded the movements of cockroaches by using mini web camera and analyzed the moving characteristics of cockroaches. It was discovered that the cockroach marches quickly by interchanging two groups of foot in which each group consists of three feet. As a table can be supported by three legs, the cockroach runs steadily and rapidly. I have designed a motocross vehicle based on the mechanism of the way that cockroach runs. A six-wheel driving car is constructed by modifying four-wheel driving toy cars. By simulating the motion complex of six-foot insects, the six-wheel driving car turns out to be an all-terrain vehicle. To be more objective in comparison, I built two types of six-wheel driving cars by utilizing the LEGO TECHNIC motor building set: one with regular and synchronous rotation, and the other one with eccentric shaft rotation emulating cockroach marching movement. I applied a microprocessor to control the motors in order to maintain the same driving speed (93.33 rpm) for both cars during the road test. The experimental results show that the proposed cockroach motocross car performs superiorly especially for the rugged terrain. In the future, the off-road capability of a jeep can be improved by introducing the concept of six-foot insect movement to vehicle design.
電話網路全方位監控系統
In this paper, we use telephone network to remote-control household appliances and monitor security system through the implementation of software and hardware. The purpose of developing this system is to build up a system that makes everyone take advantage of the telephones through pay phone network everywhere as and when he needs to set up the household appliances, meanwhile two-ways system of monitoring household security. In addition, due to the advances of communication technology and the remarkable boom of those products, the popularity of cell phones for local people is developing tremendously. We can link the portable cell phones up to the household appliances and monitoring household security through the offer network of communication companies. This system adopts public telephone network via multiple frequency to receive KT31 70 IC which is connected to EM78P45 i p Chip. And then the Chip is connected to the driving external circuit in order to control electric appliances, sensors on doors and windows. The utilization of LEPROM (93C66) memory to set up telephone and mobile phones number equips the telephone network with two-ways system of remote-controlling electric appliances and monitoring household security. In the part of controlling electric appliances, a monitor is used to display the status of electric appliances, to control the appliance switches and to set up the timer. In the part of monitoring household security, we use the system to receive the instant images of the house and to report on the closing or opening of doors and windows. The system will be informed on any occurrence of abnormalities. The memory of the system can record and update new data at any time and is able to set up twenty sets of telephone and mobile phone numbers. Besides, the system adopts identification codes to avoid malfunctioning and thus upgrade system reliability.本文旨在應用電話網路作遠端遙控家用電器及防盜保全歟控系統軟硬體之規劃與設計 。本系統研製的目的，是希望建立一套系統，讓每個人不管身置何處，都能利用電話透過公眾電話網路，輕易地控制家中的電器設備及進行環境設定，以達到控制家電及防盜保全之雙向監控系統。此外，由於通訊的進步與通訊產品的熱賣，使國月雍有手機的普遍性相當高，若能透過隨身攜帶的手機，經由通訊業者所提供的網路通訊管道，連結到家庭自動化與防盜保全系統亦可達到進行遠端遙控的目的，彌補出門在外無法使用室內電話的空檔。本系統利用公眾電話網路經複頻接收 IC ( KT3 170 ）連接至單晶片（ EM78P45 IP ) ，透過單晶片驅動外部電路與家中電器及門窗的監視感測器連接，再利用 EEPROM ( 93C66 ）記憶體設定電話及手機號碼，藉由電話網路傳輸，以達到控制家電及防盜保全之雙向監控系統。在家電控制部份，採用顯示器可隨時瞭解家電使用狀況及控制其開啟或關閉，且可設定使用時問。在防盜保全部份，可隨時監控家中門窗，若有異狀可即時通告。記憶體可隨時記錄或更新資料，並可設定二十組電話及手機號碼。此外，本系統採用確認碼設定，可防止產生誤動作，系統可靠性高。