全國中小學科展

工程學

車用開門快速預警裝置

由於台灣汽、機車數量逐年攀升,且人口密度高、道路窄小和停車位不足,使得人、車爭道和兩車併排等現象層出不窮,導致汽車駕駛人或乘客在開啟車門時,未注意後方來車造成碰撞的傷亡事故屢屢發生。有鑑於開啟車門不當事故頻繁,本研究提出一個基於達靈頓電路(Darlington Circuit)的快速且成本低之車門開啟預警系統,當汽車駕駛人或乘客碰觸車門內把手內側的軟式觸控薄膜開關時,系統即會啟動欲開啟車門側的門外警示燈和車後方向燈光閃爍,以提早預警行人或機車騎士,同時,汽車A柱內的警示燈、蜂鳴器會同步閃爍和鳴響,以提醒汽車駕駛人或乘客注意後方車輛避免碰撞,保障用路人安全。

漂浮城市~創意的隔震設計

利用桌面曲棍球的玩具,啟發本組做出能讓建築物漂浮減震的設計,並使用樂高EV3教育模組設計實驗來探討其中影響減震效果的變因。本組發現:只要在建築物底部兩個介面中充入空氣形成「空氣墊」,就可以減少摩擦力而達到減震的效果,另外也發現,讓建築物懸浮的空氣墊氣壓越大、底面積越大、重量越輕、接觸底面越光滑、及在高頻的地震下,其減震的效果越好。此外,為了減少因為減震產生的建築物滑動而超過原本建築物設計活動的範圍,使用此隔震設計的建築物也需要設計使用阻尼或避震墊在建築物的周邊,以避免滑動時撞壞建築物。最後希望提出此創意的隔震設計讓業界有不同的思考及靈感,做出將來更好的建築物避震設計,讓人們可永久免於地震的傷害。

竹片熱電流增益放大及熱電流充電器

本實驗利用竹片導熱性差的天然特性,將奈米金屬顆粒以高壓蒸氣及低壓吸入法嵌入竹片的維管束中,並將NaCl蒸煮滲入竹片組織,形成導電通道,以提升修飾後竹片的電導率。量測實驗發現以氯化鈉及銀奈米顆粒修飾後的竹片,電導率提升達11880倍,而熱導率僅提升10%,可成為常溫範圍熱電材料。NaCl在解離成Na+與Cl-導電率可提升103倍。我們將修飾後的竹片,密封在含水蒸氣的電絕緣小盒中,製作成竹片熱電裝置。LED燈泡發光度實驗,當竹片兩端溫差為45度時,燈泡發光度提升40%,為一熱電流增益放大器。串聯竹片熱電裝置在普魯士藍二次電池充電線路中,以0.015 mA電流充電,發現當竹片兩端溫差為45度時,充電電流提升到0.025 mA,飽和充電時間從原本的12小時,縮短到7小時。

An Efficient and Accurate Super-Resolution Approach to Low-Field MRI via U-Net Architecture With Logarithmic Loss and L2 Regularization

Low-field (LF) MRI scanners have the power to revolutionize medical imaging by provid- 27 ing a portable and cheaper alternative to high-field MRI scanners. However, such scanners are usu- 28 ally significantly noisier and lower quality than their high-field counterparts. This prevents them 29 from appealing to global markets. The aim of this paper is to improve the SNR and overall image quality of low-field MRI scans (called super-resolution) to improve diagnostic capability and, as a result, make it more accessible. To address this issue, we propose a Nested U-Net neural network architecture super-resolution algorithm that outperforms previously suggested super-resolution deep learning methods with an average PSNR of 78.83 ± 0.01 and SSIM of 0.9551 ± 0.01. Our ANOVA paired t-test and Post-Hoc Tukey test demonstrate significance with a p-value < 0.0001 and no other network demonstrating significance higher than 0.1. We tested our network on artificial noisy downsampled synthetic data from 1500 T1 weighted MRI images through the dataset called the T1- mix. Four board-certified radiologists scored 25 images (100 image ratings total) on the Likert scale (1-5) assessing overall image quality, anatomical structure, and diagnostic confidence across our architecture and other published works (SR DenseNet, Generator Block, SRCNN, etc.). Our algo- rithm outperformed all other works with the highest MOS, 4.4 ± 0.3. We also introduce a new type of loss function called natural log mean squared error (NLMSE), outperforming MSE, MAE, and MSLE on this specific SR task. Additionally, we ran inference on actual Hyperfine scan images with successful qualitative results using a Generator RRDB block. In conclusion, we present a more ac- curate deep learning method for single image super-resolution applied to low-field MRI via a 45 Nested U-Net architecture.

圖形化物聯網小型折線機之研究

生活中網路商店或夜市常看到業者手工用鋁線在折造型,這些造型必須應用手工方式生產,所以生產效率及重現性低,且這類型的塑性加工在課堂上我們只能觀看一些影片來教學,無法實際進行操作。本研究用單折彎頭來進行金屬線之折線加工,以課堂所學知識及加工技術背景進行開發,主要以3D列印機的Arduino+RAMPS1.4控制器為基礎,自行設計及加工折線機構、進線機構、轉軸機構與螺桿機構開發出小型折線機。利用Python程式語言開發出將圖型座標轉換為NC碼,透過ESP-01S物聯網方式,直接控制所需的機械動作,做出所需的作品,讓使用者只需畫圖即可做出成品,不需學習機器控制語法。本研究可自動化加工生產、具有3D折線功能、折不同軟硬度的材料、操作介面簡便、體積小、成本低。

研發奈米材料快速降解水中偶氮染料及其自動化循環系統

本研究為開發可適用於染整廠去除有機偶氮染料使用的自動化淨水設備,於設計設備前先探討奈米零價鐵(NZVI)去除化學染料效率,並針對不同操縱變因進行實驗,了解其化學反應性質。 在淨水設備的設計上,運用區域網路間Webduino Smart開發板、行動裝置、Webduino Blockly進行串聯,進行手動同步操作或自動化控制,使染整廠不僅降低人事成本及環境負擔,也避免染料外洩產生不可逆的環境嚴重汙染,同時節省染整過程使用的水資源。 操作部分選用Webduino Blockly來直接操控Webduino,使設備能在短時間內作動,避免第三方平台問題,也可提升設備的適地性。為了使染整廠能夠以最低成本達到類實驗室環境來處理廢水,特將模組與超音波清洗機調整成物聯網模式,以公式將光照度轉換為染料濃度,進而控制NZVI投加量並上傳雲端資料留存;超音波清洗機用以模擬超音波震盪機,使NZVI投加前均勻分散,發揮最佳降解效果。 本研究亦切合聯合國17項永續發展目標(SDGs)第六項:清潔飲水及衛生設施、第十二項:確保永續消費和生產模式。

沙墨乾渴、水山爆發-白板筆之創新設計

市售棉心式白板筆是以毛細現象將墨水儲存於棉心,當墨水過量會有漏墨問題或無法將墨水以毛細現象完全導出。本創新直液式白板筆是類似鋼筆方式儲水,其物理原理與舊型棉心式完全不同,它是以內外壓自然平衡來導引墨水,實驗中以棉心吸水效率、墨水損失率與色彩分析相關的實驗驗證下,其可改善舊式白板筆的缺點。但新式白板筆仍會受環境溫度與壓力變化而有漏水狀況。本組以自製測試設備輔助下,模擬了溫度對應壓力的變化、墨管內空氣與墨水膨脹率不同產生漏墨與高山大氣壓力降低導致墨水溢出的實驗。根據實驗結果本組進一步設計以針筒活塞來調整壓力的新式白板筆,完全解決了漏墨的缺點,且此環保可重複使用的設計是值得持續研究與推廣。

THIRD-LIFE: Real Life Accident Alerting, Live Locations and Notifications to Emergency Service

The country of Nepal, although beautiful, is facing many challenges due to its geography, lying between the towering Himalayas and the vast plains of Terai. The narrow mountain roads, prone to landslides and poor infrastructure, often result in frequent accidents. This situation is worsened by the delayed emergency response, as accidents are often reported much later than the time they occur. In the past ten years, over 15 major bus accidents have killed hundreds of people, and in 2024 alone, more than 80 deaths were reported. In response, the "Third Life" project was developed to improve emergency response time and save lives.The project has two main components: first, a device equipped with GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications), a GPS module (Global Positioning System), a gyroscopic sensor, and a microcontroller to detect accidents in real-time within seconds of the incident. Second, once an accident is detected, live coordinates are sent directly to emergency services and police stations for immediate assistance.This project is not only vital for Nepal but also for countries with similar terrain and infrastructure challenges. The "Third Life" project aims to save many lives that are lost due to delayed reporting, ensuring quicker emergency responses.A tragic example of this was the 2024 Trishuli bus accident, where many lives were lost when the bus plunged into the river. To date, the bus has not been recovered. Our project aims to create a waterproof device that, when connected to a satellite, will send live coordinates to emergency services, ensuring 100% reliability. This device could help locate the bus, which is still missing, within seconds.Ultimately, this initiative offers more than just safety it restores peace of mind and hope for the families of victims, providing them with a chance for a better future despite the tragedy.

仿生科技應用於提高太陽能板發電效率之研究

本作品自行開發組立氣體輔助彈性氣膜球實驗系統,並研製可調控之類複眼陣列結構母模具系列實驗設備,藉以複製出類昆蟲複眼之陣列微結構,同時複合石墨烯(graphene)並將其裝設於太陽能板上進行系統化實驗,探討類昆蟲複眼之陣列微結構對太陽能板發電效率之影響。實驗結果顯示,類複眼陣列透鏡結構,其單一特徵形狀愈小、密度愈高(週期愈小),其發電效率愈佳,本實驗條件下,發電效率最高可提升達7.86%,此外,本研究在光捕捉上再為仿生類透鏡穿上自然界的類透明外衣複合石墨烯情況下,其發電效率更佳,透鏡面噴塗石墨烯複合薄層1μm厚度,發電效率短時間提升最佳為14.21%,但隨著光照時間的增加(24小時)後,發電效率提升最佳為12.45%,本研究同時增能探討調控菲涅爾透鏡(Fresnells)聚焦方式,並獲得經最佳聚焦位置的獲得,將有助於對太陽能板發電效率提升。

磷酸銀修飾二硫化錫奈米複合結構:應用於光催化二氧化碳還原反應

本研究利用水熱法合成 C-SnS2光觸媒,再藉由化學水浴沈澱法(CBP)將 Ag3PO4 奈米顆粒還原在 C-SnS2 表面,得到複合半導體 Ag3PO4@C-SnS2。接著再分別以 C-SnS2 和 Ag3PO4@C-SnS2 進行人工光合作用,將二氧化碳還原為可用能源,並探討兩者之差異。藉由電子顯微鏡、 X 光繞射儀、紫外-可見光光譜儀、傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜儀、 X 光光電子能譜儀和氣相層析儀,分析樣品的晶體結構、能隙、吸光範圍和二氧化碳還原反應的氣體產物。最後,我們發現複合物 Ag3PO4@C-SnS2 的光化學量子效率較純的 C-SnS2 高,也就是此複合物能有效的提升二氧化碳還原效率。