全國中小學科展

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工程學

整合能量採集與儲存於單一裝置的染料敏化太陽能電容系統

隨著行動裝置與人工智慧的普及,物聯網的實現已指日可待,由於物聯網中感知器數量數以億萬計,因而整個系統對自供電的依賴也越來越深。雖然傳統電化學電池可以滿足大部分物聯網在目前階段的電力的需求,但一旦大量佈建後,更換那些電池便成為一件棘手的事情。因此,可以採集環境光能的太陽能電池是優先的選項,其中以染料敏化電池不受環境光強度及溫度的影響,且能以用網印方式製作在廉價的基板上,來提高太陽光照射的面積而不受基板大小的限制。在電能儲存方面,採用固態電化學電容,除了提高電荷密度外,也不受太陽能電池與電化學電池因電壓不匹配而造成無法充電的現象。並將兩種個別裝置整合在同一基板上,除了縮小尺寸外,還有降低系統阻抗的功能。本次研究希望能結合染料敏化太陽電池”有光即發電”的特性,最後達成能量採集及能量儲存於單一裝置的目標。

愛的約束-鼻胃管自拔監控暨約束手環

許多長者常因吞嚥功能退化,飲食過程中易引發吸入性肺炎,或是患者手術後吞嚥功能暫時消失。目前台灣社會對這些狀況最易被接受的治療方式是從鼻腔放入一條直達胃部的軟管,俗稱鼻胃管。但是管子本身會造成人體不適,因此許多患者會將管子拔出。管子拔出相對舒適,但當再次將管子放回時,會使病患更加不適。且台灣步入高齡化社會,照護人員短缺,使鼻胃管脫落成為台灣醫療通報事件的榜首。 為了改善這問題,我們設計了一款照護輔助手環,藉由EMG Sensor 來偵測手指動作,搭配3組感應距離不同的RFID讀取器,來偵測手部與鼻胃管接頭距離。當系統認為患者有自拔危險時,便啟動約束裝置,由手環上方彈射出一塊彈性布將手掌全部包住,並同步發出警告聲響及手機訊息。本作品可以避免患者面臨二次插管的窘境,亦能減輕照護者及護理人員的負擔,是長照時代的重要幫手。

探討以不同方向風力為動力的自製纜車用來運輸之可行性

作品延續2020全國科展特優作品「風再起時」,本組將橫流風扇改成鋁製扇葉…等多項改善;以3D列印設計機構本體,並組合塑膠齒輪做成纜車,自製類低速風洞,提高風速避免亂流,完成實驗;作品經5次改善,具備以下功能: 1. 可以順、逆風行走各方向吹來的風均可以利用。 2. 纜車可以控制正反向行走。 3. 可調整快慢速度,以節省時間。 4. 設定慢速行走時扭力增加,可負載重量。 5. 在無風情況下,可使用電動馬達驅動纜車行走。 6. 在無風無電力下,可旋轉搖柄帶動纜車。 7. 在故障及緊急情況時 ,可打空檔滑向下坡方向停靠站。 作品測試:分別以自製類風洞測試,與不同坡度實驗,施予不同方向強、弱風等實驗,結果顯示:纜車扇葉轉速與行走速度均有一致規律。荷重實驗:本體重652.8 g,可以荷重1.6 kg,速度達 0.12 cm/s。

開發低水體高水壓養殖系統以優化養殖成果

水產養殖已成為本世紀重要的水產品供應源,多數水生生物需生長在一定的水壓下,才可穩定成長進而達到性成熟及產生子代,而陸池養殖無法產生相對應的水深壓力環境,導致水生生物成長及性成熟困難的困境。本研究提出創新的低水體(水深10.5公分、容量14公升)模式,使用加壓調壓器材、水冷機、過濾系統等自製一個密閉、具穩定調控高水壓、可觀測生物、穩定水溫及水質淨化再利用的循環養殖系統。以本系統進行高水壓(1 kg/cm2 ; 約10公尺深)及次高水壓(0.5 kg/cm2 ; 約5公尺深)分別養殖淡水螯蝦及海水白蝦,結果顯示此些生物皆呈現體色較深及成長速率較快的現象,證明此高壓系統有利其生長。本研究以環境友善為出發點,採用低水體壓力調控方式,營造水生生物適合的水壓環境,未來可應用於水生生物的性成熟養殖操控或特殊養殖等研究,預期將可多元發展且極具發展潛力。

全向型風力發電機設計研究

本研究設計十個實驗討論風力發電部件的效率,首先探討垂直型風力發電扇葉(Vertical Axle Wind Turbine, VAWT)結構如何搭配外部全向型導風罩充分利用風能。我們研究全方位來風皆能產生正向力矩的VAWT,並設計出只要有風就可以正轉的VAWT,此外並設計扇葉副翼增強發電效能。並探討如何搭配外部導流板(Guide Vane, GV)裝置加強扇葉轉動以獲致最佳發電效能,我們整合水平和垂直型兩種導風裝置,可以將全向來風(Omni-Directional Wind)皆有效引導至推動VWAT之正向力矩,與用於發電。我們製作的風力發電機體積小效率高能利用各方來風,可將風力發電化整為零達成自主發電的目標,非常適合臺灣都會區風力有限以及建築物密集的環境。

Susanito, autonomous robot body temperature meter: support to reduce infections in rows

A variant of the coronavirus (2019-nCoV or COVID-19) was reported in Wuhan, China on December 31, 2019, spreading rapidly around the world. Owing to a plan to reactivate the economy, the Mexican government, requested to implement protective measures to enter establishments with confined spaces: wear a mask, provide alcohol-based hand rub and the measurement of body temperature, allowing problem when not have a fever; however, these measures cause long waiting lines, causing contagion risk. To support this problem, applied and experimental research was used, generating as a result, the creation of a robot that moves autonomously thanks to a line follower sensor. Dispenses alcohol-based hand rub and determines the temperature by means of an infrared sensor, checking that the distance is adequate, with an ultrasonic sensor, using a buzzer that emits a sound of half a second when it performs a normal detection, but, if it is equal to or greater os 38 ° C, emits a sound for 10 seconds asking the person to leave the line and go to a medical service, helping to reduce problems infections in lines

蝴蝶仿生拍翼機設計製作及飛行之流場與動態分析

本研究以仿生微飛行器為標的,選擇以蝴蝶為仿生對象,期望妥善發揮其低振翅頻率、高靈敏度等優點,製作拍翼機,並觀測其拍翼動態與流場進行設計改良。 首先對8種蝴蝶進行動態分析,經過拍攝、標點、程式撰寫等步驟分析其飛行動態並呈現在三維空間中,觀察得到拍翼振幅、拍頻、上下拍時間比等數據,作為拍翼機設計之依據。接著以大鳳蝶為設計基礎,使用3D列印並結合生活材料,經過六代的改良,製作出與大鳳蝶拍翼動作相近的拍翼機。最後以PIV可視化技術,使用氧化鋁粉末與綠光雷射紀錄流場的變化,並利用matlab的套件PIVlab進行分析,接著觀察到昆蟲飛行的特色:翼前緣渦旋貼附與夾翼造成的射流。 本研究整合了生物觀察、機械工程、流場分析等領域,並已完成雛形的設計與製作,而我們希望動態與流場分析的數據能夠作為未來改良之依據。

應用牛血清蛋白的光交聯性質製作液體繃帶

此研究主要在開發可包容藥物、可客製化且可黏著在皮膚上的液體繃帶的新方法。我們將脈衝雷射光聚焦於混有光感物質的血清蛋白,利用光化學交聯原理,在玻璃基板上製作出微米尺度的蛋白質膠體。我們先最佳化溶劑、焦距及照射時間。接著利用配有精密移動平台的光學顯微鏡,控制照光位置及照光時間。光學顯微影像清楚呈現膠體之形貌,展現可製作成微米尺度之蛋白質膠體陣列或設計之文字圖案。接著以綠色螢光分子模擬藥物,嘗試製作包容藥物的蛋白質膠體。穿透光影像顯示模擬藥物不會改變膠體之形貌,而綠色螢光影像則證明模擬藥物已保留在蛋白質膠體上。最後我們將蛋白質膠體陣列製作為液體繃帶,並成功將蛋白質膠體轉移且黏於模擬人類皮膚的豬皮上。本研究展現進一步發展為大面積、可客制膠體陣列、可摻入藥物的液體繃帶之可能性。

Designing a LiDAR topographic navigation system: A novel approach to aid the visually impaired

The WHO reports 2.2 billion people internationally have a form of visual impairment, with Perkins School of Blind adding that 4 to 8 percent (8.8 - 17.6 million people) solely rely on a white cane for navigation. In an interview by Stephen Yin for NPR, visually impaired interviewees claimed that a white cane was ineffective as it failed to detect moving obstacles (ex. bikes), aerial obstacles (ex. falling objects), and it became physically demanding after a prolonged period. This problem can be solved with a headset that integrates LiDAR technology and haptic feedback to provide a real-time assessment of their environment. Theoretically, the device will determine how far an object is from the user and place it into one of three conditionals based on distance (0- 290mm, 310-500mm, 510-1200mm). As the user gets closer to the object, the haptic will vibrate more frequently. The device has 11 LIDAR sensors, beetle processors, and ERM motors so that when the LiDAR detects an object, the device will send a haptic signal in that area. It not only identifies the existence of an object but it tells the user its relative position with a latency period of approximately 2 milliseconds. When testing the device, a simulated walking environment was made. Ten obstacles were included: five below the waist (72”, 28”, 35” and 8.5” tall sticks) and five above the waist (paper suspended 6”, 10”, 48” and 28” from the ceiling). The white cane detected 4.1 obstacles, whereas the device detected 7.3 on average. The LiDAR navigation system is 178% more effective at detecting objects comparatively. Visually impaired individuals no longer must rely on the white cane; rather, using this device, they can detect small, moving, and aerial objects at a much faster, and more accurate speed.

Conscious Brain Mind-Controlled Cybonthitic Cyborg Bionic-Leg - V2

Lower limb amputations affect about 28.9 million people worldwide, influencing normal human functions, we are developing a conscious brain mind-controlled Cybonthitic cyborg bionic-leg to provide a professional solution for this problem, which is classified as restricted knee movement, short-term solution, limited pressure bearing, unspecific analog reading of EMG; Because the output voltage measured in nano-volts, resulting in unspecific knee movement. The functionality of these modern gadgets is still limited due to a lack of neuromuscular control (i.e. For movement creation, control relies on human efferent neural signals to peripheral muscles). Electromyographic (EMG) or myoelectric signals are neuromuscular control signals that can be recorded from muscles for our engineering goals. We worked on a sophisticated prosthetic knee design with a 100-degree angle of motion. We also used a specific type of coiled spring to absorb abrupt or unexpected motion force. In addition, we amplified the EMG output from (Nano-Voltage) to (Milli-Voltage) using customized instrumentation amplifiers (operational amplifiers). We used a full-wave rectifier to convert AC to DC, as a consequence of these procedures, sine-wave output voltage measures in millivolts, and the spring constant indicates the most force for every 1cm. Von mises Stress analysis shows bearing as 3000N is the maximum load for the design. Detecting the edge of a stairwell using the first derivative. The benefit of a system that controls the prosthetic limb is activated by the patient’s own EMG impulses, rather than sensors linked to the body.