全國中小學科展

2013年

On Course Line Management

The Online Course Management system was developed in 2012 by George Moon to address the issue of creating course books at Burnside High School in Christchurch, New Zealand. The course books are designed to inform students, staff and parents of the many courses that are available for students to choose for their next year of study. In the past, the system that the school used consisted of large amounts of paperwork and duplication. Not only did this system require a lot of effort from staff, but the course book cost the school thousands of dollars to produce, as it had to be sent off to be published into a large book that would be read by students for a week, then likely thrown out. This year the school decided to digitise the course book, so that students would look at their courses online. Earlier this year, the school believed that the new School Management System (SMS) ‘KAMAR’ would be able to handle all of the necessary information, however this was not the case. Because of this, they needed a simple solution that would collate all of the course data, and then output it as a course book. I developed my project to do this. It is a web based program that is accessible by staff on their computers which enables them to enter in all of the course and assessment data for their departments. As it is all securely stored on a central database, it reduces duplication and staff workload, as well as the added environmental bonus of less paper being used. The program also outputs data in a number of ways including as a coursebook PDF (digital document which can be uploaded or printed), an Excel spreadsheet and a webpage for easy viewing. It can be sorted or printed by different categories (such as level, faculty, department), which proved to be a very useful feature. Following some research on areas such as design principles, browser compatibility and screen resolution (computer screen size), the program was designed to make best use of this this information. For example, most of the computers that staff would access the website on were of a similar size screen, so I made sure that my website worked well for them. I also used my research on design principles to try and create a simple, clean interface that users with limited computer skills would easily be able to navigate around. The outcome was real, as it was used by the school to generate their coursebook this year. Following a 95% student completion rate of course selection many months earlier than previous years, the system (although it had some issues) was pronounced a success, and the school is looking to use it in the years to come. There are a number of steps I am looking to take in the future with this program including the potential sale to other schools, so they can take advantage of the features it has to offer.

結合幾丁聚醣及聚麩胺酸對重金屬離子吸附之研究-研發吸附暨檢測之循環系統

本研究選擇以天然易分解的吸附劑-幾丁聚醣和聚麩胺酸(γ-PGA),建立有效去除水中重金屬離子的方法。首先探討幾丁聚醣膜在各種條件下對鉻離子、銅離子的吸附。對鉻離子的吸附模式較符合等溫吸附式Freundlich,於30℃、pH=3時具有吸附優勢。而後將幾丁聚醣黏附於多孔性泡綿,利用抽濾法提高吸附效率,使鉻、銅離子殘留率分別降至2.08%、11.23%。幾丁聚醣與γ-PGA結合製成的複合材料泡綿,大幅提升對銅離子的吸附效果,其吸附模式較符合等溫吸附式Freundlich,於30℃下、pH=7,γ-PGA與幾丁聚醣之比例為6:5時,對銅離子吸附最佳。利用分光光度儀的設計原理,以光敏電阻建立可即時檢測有色重金屬離子的分析元件。將此檢測裝置結合吸附劑,研發一套可即時檢測、環保簡易的重金屬離子吸附暨檢測之循環系統。對於2.0ppm、10.0ppm之鉻、銅離子循環2、3小時後,殘留率分別降至0.046%、0.074%,充分顯示此系統可有效去除水中重金屬離子。

Reactions of Bis(oxy)enamines with Transition Metal Halides

Synthesis of halooximes has attracted much attention given their importance as precursors to proline derivatives1, unnatural amino acids2 and a host of alkaloids3. Halooximes have numerous industrial and biological applications 4, for example oxime ethers increases specific channel opening activities, acting as potential targets in drug treatment for various diseases 5, most adrenergic β-receptor blocking compounds also conform to the structure of oxime ethers 6. They also have vitro antifungal activities against certain plants7. A known method for the synthesis of 3 using Me3SiX as a Lewis acid, via intermediate enamines with acyclic/ cyclic bis(oxy)enamines, gives yields between 21-68%. Low yield stems from lack of reaction specificity2. In this work, we investigate coupling nitrogen-oxides with CoBr2 to synthesise halooximes in high yield. Initial cyclic/ acyclic bis(oxy)enamines were prepared by reacting 1 equiv. nitro compound with 2.4 equiv. in excess of dichloromethane under argon atmosphere at a temperature of 0ºC. 2.2 equiv. of TMS-Br was further added and left to stir till thermal equilibrium with room conditions. The cyclic/ acyclic bis(oxy)enamine was isolated upon aqueous work-up, filtration and evaporation. Synthesis of halooximes was carried out by reacting 8mL to 1mmol equiv. of THF and 2 equiv. of CoBr2 under argon atmosphere and left to stir till CoBr2 dissolves. 2mL to 1mmol equiv. of CH2Cl2 was added to 1 equiv. of bis(oxy)enamines. The reaction mixture was left to stir at room temperature for 2 hours, after which aqueous work-up, filtration and evaporation were carried out. Our results are summarized in Table 1. We also obtained relatively high percentage yields for the direct synthesis of bromooximes from cyclic nitronates via a one-pot procedure: Low yield stems from lack of reaction specificity2. In this work, we investigate coupling nitrogen-oxides with CoBr2 to synthesise halooximes in high yield. Initial cyclic/ acyclic bis(oxy)enamines were prepared by reacting 1 equiv. nitro compound with 2.4 equiv. in excess of dichloromethane under argon atmosphere at a temperature of 0ºC. 2.2 equiv. of TMS-Br was further added and left to stir till thermal equilibrium with room conditions. The cyclic/ acyclic bis(oxy)enamine was isolated upon aqueous work-up, filtration and evaporation. Synthesis of halooximes was carried out by reacting 8mL to 1mmol equiv. of THF and 2 equiv. of CoBr2 under argon atmosphere and left to stir till CoBr2 dissolves. 2mL to 1mmol equiv. of CH2Cl2 was added to 1 equiv. of bis(oxy)enamines. The reaction mixture was left to stir at room temperature for 2 hours, after which aqueous work-up, filtration and evaporation were carried out. Our results are summarized in Table 1. We also obtained relatively high percentage yields for the direct synthesis of bromooximes from cyclic nitronates via a one-pot procedure:

得不到愛的左翅雄蟋蟀

為了解黃斑黑蟋蟀左翅在上變異型的遺傳性狀是否可以經人擇選種過程加以保留,以此探討其在族群內遺傳特性及其存活的指標。材料來自國家地理紀錄片中介紹的台南新化蟋蟀養殖場。在養殖場進行採樣調查黃斑黑蟋蟀的左翅位置比例,結果約佔2%,與李俊康(2009)觀察標本的結果2.05%的比例極為相近。由此可見,在這種蟋蟀族群中不論標本或是活體,左翅在上蟋蟀確實存在只是仍為少數,同時發現雌蟲左翅在上變異型的個體,比例約為雄蟲的九倍。本研究希望透過遺傳及演化的觀點,來了解左翅在上變異型的個體,各部位型態學性狀在族群中存在的可能原因,以及蟋蟀族群中為何右翅在上的真相?並且能從其型態的參數,找出左翅在上仍然存在的原因。

肺癌浸潤之樹突細胞分泌Resistin透過活化WHSC1/Twist途徑促進肺癌惡化

本研究首度發現人類肺癌A549細胞會促進其所浸潤的樹突細胞分泌Resistin,而更深入地探究獲悉Resistin會透過活化WHSC1/Twist途徑促進肺癌A549細胞惡化,此惡化過程包括誘導癌細胞上皮間質轉化(epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition; EMT)及提升癌細胞的移行(migration)和入侵(invasion)能力。為確認Resistin在臨床的重要性,透過肺癌病患檢體分析發現,相較於健康捐贈者,肺癌病人的血清可測的較高濃度的Resistin;更甚之,比較非腫瘤組織部位之CD11c+樹突細胞,浸潤於腫瘤組織部位之CD11c+樹突細胞會呈現高量的Resistin。接續探討Resistin對肺癌細胞的影響機制,實驗結果發現Resistin會增加A549細胞表現histone methyltransferase WHSC1的表現,而WHSC1在Twist啟動子的H3組蛋白lysine 36位置進行dimethylation修飾,並降低H3組蛋白lysine 27位置的trimethylation進而促進Twist的表現,促使A549細胞進行EMT和增加癌細胞移行和入侵。因此,Resistin可作為肺癌診斷分子及藥物發展的重要標靶。

數形合一

這份研究是關於一個「數形合一」的問題,研究的主要目的是找出同時具有兩種圖形數身分以上的數。研究結果發現雙重多角數必定存在,但個數可能有限個也可能無限多個,有些雙重中心多角數是有限多個,有些雙重中心多角數是無限多個,但令人意外的是同時是K角數和中心K角數的數卻皆是永遠是無限多個,我對其模式進行了探究並加以具體分類,並說明原因。研究過程中發現遞推關係可以大大簡化計算的步驟,可簡潔快速的求出這些數。我也證明了同時是三、四、五角數的數只有 1。此外,我將研究應用在熱門的平衡數(balancing numbers)和NSW數(NSW numbers)等上面,應用多角數的研究解決一些熱門的問題和找出了圖形上不證自明的結果。

Escher狂想曲

本研究運用兩套方法,成功的化簡、篩選眾多結構;配合繪圖檢驗,證明了六邊形共有20種對稱拼貼圖結構。透過本研究,在適當軟體的支援下,使用者可快速且精準的設計出富有創意的密貼圖樣;所有的圖形結構亦可被更加廣泛運用。運用本研究理論與結果,我們撰寫了一Visual Basic程式,可供使用者快速方便判別任意的六邊形磁磚是否可對稱拼貼;最後,我們將研究結果應用於相關立體圖形,如:環面(Torus)、圓柱曲面(Cylinders)及莫比紙圈(Mobius Strip);運用前人的研究,再配合本研究結果,將可以有更廣泛的應用,如:阿基米德立體圖….等。

整係數多項式裡有乾坤-平衡多項式

本文主要研究以數學方法探究物理上的平衡問題,將物理與數學的代數、數論、組合及幾何做了緊密的結合,並導出幾個有趣的結果。文中得出n的因數結構與平衡多項式的關係,以及平衡多項式與平衡問題一般解的關係,並進一步探討其平衡的排序策略及個數。再則將平衡多項式引入複數平面,可以看到許多有趣的幾何性質,並進而回歸至物理的應用。

大屯火山群磁場分布測量與分析

近年來許多研究顯示台北的大屯山底下可能存在岩漿庫,而最近一次的噴發可能約在5000年前,於是我們決定利用地球物理方法對大屯山做更進一步的了解。由於磁力測勘是了解火成岩區的重要工具,而且前人對大屯山的磁力探勘似乎著墨較少,所以我們決定使用磁力對大屯山進行測勘。測區包含了公路以及步道的部分,量取資料後,我們經過一些標準的程序得到磁力異常值,再利用極化修正將資料修正得更直觀,並用修正前後的資料繪出的圖與溫泉露頭、地表岩性等做比對。最後我們利用物理方法得到相對的居里點深度,希望能進一步了解大屯火山群的地熱活動。我們研究後認為:大屯山下方的居禮點深度較深,地熱活動較不活躍,而七星山到大油坑間的居禮點深度較淺,地熱活動則較旺盛,可能有岩漿庫存在。

水中的華爾滋

本實驗將小型塑膠圓片置於水中釋放模擬落葉的運動模式,發現圓片與水平之夾角呈現週期性變化,變化範圍會隨著時間改變。在運動幾個週期後,變化範圍會被限制,此時為穩定狀態。在水中加入鋁粉以觀察圓片運動時流場的變化,提出分流模型與最短時間原理,發現此模型可以解釋圓片的轉動機制。