全國中小學科展

2013年

Injector Taster with Timing

1. Purpose of the research Implement injector tester and timer button in mechanical, electrical for Correct Use Hypothesis: if humans contribute to the contamination of unconsciously by technological convenience. Give solution with the same! 2. Procedures Needed human and material resources. Besides a ventilated area with excellent ventilation. Having basic knowledge of electricity and automobile electrical systems. 3. Data This device is intended total replacement bulbs and multimeters tests relating to auto injectors of this system is important since in automotive history have been looking for improvements, part of technological development and of necessity, be have been implemented in complex systems such as electronic fuel injection, but what if our system does not work properly? Humans would contribute to contamination of the ozone layer, this natural process accelerate global warming. Hey there a social problem today becomes a global problem. Here we can see that, sophisticated equipment, are of little technical solution with a higher cost. Not to mention that the technician who works on the vehicle: save time in making a diagnosis which will be successful. 4. Conclusions The solution: provide the necessary equipment that is available to countries that do not have low resource enough. Through a reliable and safe product for the sole purpose of showing that young researchers are able to provide improved technology in the automotive industry with no expectation of this project. You should use this factor as important in society: it is the technology for the environment thereby demonstrates the certainty of our hypothesis.

星星相映-以理論與觀測探究雙星形成機制

由於在銀河系中的多數恆星是以雙星系統存在,因此雙星的形成機制在恆星演化理論中扮演極重要的角色。但目前其形成的機制未有定論,而爭論的焦點主要為兩個假說:一個假說為當分子雲在裂解為雲核時,同一雲核會形成兩顆恆星互繞;另一假說為不同雲核會分別塌縮為不同的恆星。這份研究中,我們以金斯最小質量與半徑為理論依據,找尋上萬筆的觀測數據,並對其資料來源做觀測限制上的確認,進而分析雙星間距的分布,且以雙星的星團與光譜型為分類作圖。分析後的結果中,我們發現前主序雙星間距分布圖出現了一個小於金斯最小半徑的峰值,得出了分裂說必定存在,然無法排除捕獲說的存在;並且發現不同星團、光譜型對間距的關係有顯著的差別。

A Zero Pollution Process That Convert Non-Biodegradable Plastic Waste Into Hydrocarbon Fuel

Non-biodegradable waste materials like discarded polybags, rubber bottles, broken buckets and sachet water bags constitute a serious environmental problem all over the world. Several steps have been taken to eliminate these waste materials. Burning of these non-biodegradable waste in an incineration only constitute environmental pollution as poisonous gases are release to the environment which are hazardous to lives. The purpose of developing this catalytic conversion of non-biodegradable waste material into fuel is to remove the problem non-biodegradable waste materials poses in its disposal as well as obtaining a precious end product that will supplement fuel supply. Dump side lands that would have been used for dumping waste is also reclaimed. The procedure and chemistry is from the fact that Non-biodegradable waste materials are composes of long chain hydrocarbon. Some are made of polymeric units like polythene. The materials are heated in a closed vessel with coal and a catalyst. Heating is done progressively until condensate from gaseous product is obtained. This condensate is wide range of liquid fuel (Diesel and petrol) including LPG ranges. Further separation processing will give pure product of the different fuel liquids. The Apparatus consist of a cylindrical cooking vessel heated by coal furnace or other heat source like LPG, the vessel is made of steal. The upper side of the vessel provide an outlet vent to connect condensing section/condenser which is required for the conversion of gaseous form of product into liquid state. The fuel produce can find it application in the following areas; Heating of kiln in the cement company, Heating of boilers and Domestic lighting.

利用光合作用機制研發光電材料之研究

葉綠素為植物體內進行光合作用關鍵物質,在能源領域內也有不少的應用。葉綠素是光合作用的鑰匙,葉綠素能夠累積光的能量並放出激發態電子,利用激發態電子的能量進行一連串複雜的反應,本研究的理論就建立在光合作用上,利用葉綠素吸收光能轉為電能的特性開發新型光電池。光電池使用金屬或非金屬材料,照光後能產生電流之材料作為發電材料。電池的製作過程非常簡單,實驗發電材料葉綠素也很容易取得,完全沒有汙染環境的疑慮,是非常乾淨的綠色能源。另外也探討葉綠素濃度對於發電效能的影響。研究使用的裝置是由兩片玻璃與矽膠片組裝而成的電池,在電池中間加入葉綠素與電解液。藉由改變電解液與有無光照來探討葉綠素在該電池中的氧化還原作用是否有明顯的變化,並推出化學反應式。結果顯示在葉綠素與電解液的配合下能夠建立出一套循環產電系統。

ORGANIC AND NON ORGANIC CEREALS The experimental pattern that marks the difference

1. Purpose of the research The purpose of this research is to make a suitable experimental pattern to distinguish, by scientific method, organic cereals from non organic cereals. The reference ideas consider cereals (rice, barley and maize) as a complex system that possesses its own chemical–physical properties. These cereals are able to maintain traces of the cultivation process. In non organic cereal grains foreign molecules, from synthesis substances used during their cultivation and/or in their final processing, can be found. These kinds of molecules would be absent in organic cereals. The effect of these foreign molecules traces on the principal components (glucides, proteins, lipids) of cereals is investigated by Infrared Spectroscopy (IR). 2. Procedures The spectra of a small quantity of cereal meal are recorded by the ATR (Attenuated Total Reflectance) sampling method. The meal is obtained from selected grains of rice and barley, that are grated near the germ. On the contrary, the maize grains, are cut lengthwise and the two halves are grated on the interior surface. This procedure of preparing samples, withdraws that part of the non organic cereal grains where foreign molecules are more abundant. The meal mass amounts to only a few milligrams; so in this way the dilution effect caused by starchy and proteinic parts onto the lipid part, is reduced. The cereal packaging has to be intact, well preserved and the expiry date has to be far–off. The organic packaging has the European Certification symbol and that of the authorizing agency. The cereals used in this research, have been labelled with symbols. The experimental data are processed by the NMC (Nearest Means Classification: J.Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 542) method, adapted to cereals. 3. Data The NMC method is based on the individuation of suitable absorption bands of the IR spectrum and, for each of them, the calculation of the following quantities: the average value of the wave number (); the (Σ) value; the |diff.|=|(ῡ–)| value and the Σ|diff.| value. At the end the sum of the Σ|diff.| for all selected bands is computed in order to obtain the Σ(Σ|diff.|). Then a graph is plotted using (Σ) and Σ(Σ|diff.|) variables. The graph has a gap between the organic cereals and the non organic ones; in other words the organic cereals are found in a particular area, whilst the non organic cereals are found in another area. The boundary between the two areas is a particular value of the Σ(Σ|diff.|). This is the pattern that distinguishes organic cereals from non organic ones. 4. Conclusions For some cereals, the gap is bigger than others; but in any case the position of the cereals on one side of the boundary line or on the other, is clear. An experimental scientific pattern that marks the difference between organic cereals and non organic ones, can be useful to organic farms, authorizing agencies and consumers. This research has planned a route to find such a pattern.

蟑螂心世界-利用心電圖與影像分析法探討昆蟲心臟因應體位變化的調節作用

本研究以心電圖(Electrocardiogram, ECG)與心臟影像分析(Image analysis)法,探討美洲蟑螂與短角外斑腿蝗的體位改變對其心臟生理活動的影響。當美洲蟑螂頭朝上立起時,血淋巴受重力影響而往身體尾端移動,此時心跳率增加,進而維持心輸出量。頭朝下立起時,血淋巴受重力影響而更易流向頭部,此時心搏量減少,進而減少心輸出量,以維持血淋巴循環的恆定。我們亦發現相對於心電圖記錄,影像分析法可收集較多參數,亦不傷害蟲體。總結前人文獻與本研究發現:人體(閉鎖式循環系統)主要透過動脈收縮以調節血壓,美洲蟑螂(開放式循環系統)主要改變心搏活動以維持血淋巴循環的恆定。

利用風洞分析微粒運動量-以蕨類孢子為例

本研究設計了兩個風洞實驗裝置,分為水平風洞與垂直風洞,兩者皆進行飄浮模擬試驗進而推算微小物質的運動量,並以小保麗龍球作為標準圓球,確保儀器的可用性,最後再透過醫檢儀器進行驗證。水平風洞利用機率的觀念統計孢子的分布,透過孢粉落下的高度差,帶入公式求得質量。垂直風洞則使用高倍率攝影鏡頭觀察孢子飛行,利用三力平衡的觀念推算其微小質量。最後,無論是自製風洞測出的質量、精確度、成本、測量速度和加速度的能力以及花費時間的長久,本實驗的儀器皆有優勢。 

AI人工智慧-應用社群網站互動於類神經網絡訓練之研究

傳統的類神經網絡人工智慧多半是以受控訓練為主。然而在本次研究中,我們先建構出一套以類神經網絡模型為基礎的人工智慧,再利用社群網站噗浪(Plurk)上使用者與此系統的互動,訓練類神經網絡,以期驗證社群網站作為訓練來源的效率與準確度。我們利用分析詞、句的方式,促使系統做出自動的回應,同時並收集相關資料作為統計與修正之用。經過漸進式的調整與精進後,我們成功利用高度模組化的人工智慧系統,達成「利用社群網站資料自我修正」的目標,且其準確度呈現遞增的趨勢。我們相信只要充分掌握社群文化,社群網站做為資料來源對學術研究必有所裨益,且能為自然語言領域帶來更多可能性。

結合幾丁聚醣及聚麩胺酸對重金屬離子吸附之研究-研發吸附暨檢測之循環系統

本研究選擇以天然易分解的吸附劑-幾丁聚醣和聚麩胺酸(γ-PGA),建立有效去除水中重金屬離子的方法。首先探討幾丁聚醣膜在各種條件下對鉻離子、銅離子的吸附。對鉻離子的吸附模式較符合等溫吸附式Freundlich,於30℃、pH=3時具有吸附優勢。而後將幾丁聚醣黏附於多孔性泡綿,利用抽濾法提高吸附效率,使鉻、銅離子殘留率分別降至2.08%、11.23%。幾丁聚醣與γ-PGA結合製成的複合材料泡綿,大幅提升對銅離子的吸附效果,其吸附模式較符合等溫吸附式Freundlich,於30℃下、pH=7,γ-PGA與幾丁聚醣之比例為6:5時,對銅離子吸附最佳。利用分光光度儀的設計原理,以光敏電阻建立可即時檢測有色重金屬離子的分析元件。將此檢測裝置結合吸附劑,研發一套可即時檢測、環保簡易的重金屬離子吸附暨檢測之循環系統。對於2.0ppm、10.0ppm之鉻、銅離子循環2、3小時後,殘留率分別降至0.046%、0.074%,充分顯示此系統可有效去除水中重金屬離子。

PALF As Alternative In Novelty Composite

Pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) which is rich in cellulose, abundantly available, relatively inexpensive, low density, nonabrasive nature, high filling level possible, low energy consumption, high specific properties, biodegradability and has the potential for polymer reinforcement. The utilization of pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) as reinforcements in thermoplastic form for developing low cost and lightweight composites Pineapple leaf fibre (PALF) is one of them that have also good potential as reinforcement in thermoplastic composite. The objective our research is to characterize PALF and to investigate the effect of fibre treatment on the mechanical properties of PALF reinforced polypropylene (PP) composite PALF was obtained from pineapple plantation after the harvesting. The we dry the PALF to remove the water. Next step is grind the PALF into small particle. Both PP and PALF were compounded using internal mixer machine prior to compression moulding via hot press machine to form a sheet. After forming the composite sheet, samples were prepared for tensile test (ASTM D638), flexural test (ASTM D790) and impact test (ASTM D256).