全國中小學科展

2013年

昆蟲拍翅的氣流研究

本實驗藉由肥皂泡膜色彩擾動觀察拍翼機拍翅時周圍的氣場流動,用以模擬昆蟲拍翅時流場模式,利用肥皂泡膜黏滯係數和空氣相似,且有色彩擾動等特性觀測拍翅機的渦流流場。並利用泡膜厚度與顏色關係,畫出厚度梯度圖分析渦流相較於風洞,肥皂泡膜的流場即便在拍翅機經過的後方依舊能清楚呈現,但風洞在拍翼機後方的流場則會因為擴散而消失。

Carbon Nanostructures Via Dry Fce Exposed to High Temperature

This science project is designed to answer a question of whether or not a chemical reaction is needed to produce industrial quantities of carbon nanostructures by exposing dry ice to a high temperature that is at least 3100°C. A small carbon arc furnace powered by an electric welder is used to produce the high temperature. During control runs, the carbon arc furnace is energized for a predetermined time, after which the carbon arc furnace is de-energized and any carbon particles within the furnace are collected. During carbon nanostructures synthesis runs, dry ice is placed within the carbon arc furnace. The carbon arc furnace is energized and the dry ice is consumed for the predetermined time. Carbon nanostructures synthesized during the synthesis runs are collected once the carbon arc furnace is de-energized and allowed to cool. The volume of the carbon particles collected during the control runs is compared to the volume of the carbon nanostructures produced by the synthesis runs. This science project has discovered that on average at least 16 times more carbon nanostructures are produced during synthesis runs consuming dry ice as opposed to the control runs. Moreover, the synthesis runs did not rely on chemical reactions. Further still, samples of the synthesized carbon nanostructures were imaged using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The TEM images clearly show high-quality carbon nanostructures that include carbon nanotubes, faceted carbon nanospheres, and the super-material graphene.

強磁場下電漿孤立子的演化

本計畫採用數值模擬進行研究,並建立一維電漿模型來模擬電漿孤立子在不均勻背景中的演化。藉由模擬及觀察一維電漿系統中的各種振盪,驗證模型之正確性。在模型建構的過程中,曾針對數值精度問題、能量、動量不守恆提出各種解決辦法,最終完成的模型可以完全詮釋馬克士威方程組中所有電場與磁場的行為。此模型已檢驗過幾種在電漿中的波,包括:Plasma oscillation、Ion acoustic wave、Hybrid oscillation、Extraordinary wave(X wave)以及Magnetosonic wave。其模擬結果與理論值相當接近,代表此模型可以正確演示真實電漿之行為。接著模擬在強磁場以及不均勻磁場中,孤立子的各種行為表現以及演化方式,我們可以尋找某些物理量,其足以代表孤立子在系統中的行為,這個結果或許可以提供線索幫助我們了解星雲的能量來源。且這個模型未來將用於預測電漿物理學的未知現象及分析電漿態星體。

Synthesis and Analysis of New BiS2-based Layered Superconductor

本研究主要探討傾角對面轉變的影響與面轉變的原因。當柱體由肥皂水中拉起時,泡膜圖形可分為中央膜平行與垂直底面的形式,兩種形式因高的變化而互相轉換的過程稱為面轉變。三到六角柱傾角越大,面轉變時的高越大,反之亦然;六角柱可以面轉變,且在40°到45°之間有臨界角度存在。本研究以力與能量的角度解釋面轉變.泡膜藉由改變面積以達到最低的能量、維持穩定狀態,因此本研究計算、比較不同形式的泡膜面積,以解釋面轉變。我們同時發現三角錐與四角錐都不會發生面轉換;三角錐的實驗值多大於理論值,四角錐的實驗值則多小於理論值。

Chitosan Defies Death

Gangrene is the death of tissue of certain parts of the body. In Indonesia, people who suffer from Diabetes will also often suffer from Gangrene, which usually affects a patient’s feet. The medication for it is not affordable for everybody. I have chosen the Horseshoe Crab, simply because it’s known widely in Indonesian and can be found easily. Also, due to the fact that, among all crustaceans, the Horseshoe Crab contains the highest levels of Chitin. By using the Chitin found in the shell of the Horseshoe Crab, I shall endeavor to heal the Gangrene of Diabetic Patients.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae 單倍體親代的RLS年齡對有性生殖後二倍體子代的影響

Saccharomyces cerevisiae 藉由出芽生殖的方式產生子代,而執行的次數並非無所限制。酵母菌一生的分裂次數(壽命)稱為 Replicative Life Span ( RLS ),指的是母細胞在停止分裂前所產生的子代數目。本實驗將老單倍體細胞( RLS 中位數: 6代 )和年輕單倍體細胞( RLS 中位數: 20代 )透過有性生殖的方式形成合子,發現合子的 RLS ( 中位數: 10.5代 )會受到老細胞的影響而縮短,並且接近兩單倍體親代 RLS 中位數的算術平均數( 13代 ),而其 F1 子代的 RLS 卻能回復與雙倍體相似的壽命。發現單倍體親代老化導致合子短命,可進一步推測人類生殖細胞老化對受精卵的影響模式。 

以直向、橫向、斜向磁磚鋪滿mxn矩形的研究

我們的主題是研究使用直向、橫向與斜向磁磚不交疊地鋪滿m × n的長方形的方法總數。磁磚總共有如圖A中間所列出的四種(其中著上藍色和綠色兩者統稱為「斜向的」磁磚),並且斜向磁磚不能夠有圖所顯示的交疊的情形。在1961 年的論文中給出了只使用直向、橫向磁磚鋪滿2m × 2n 的長方形的方法數的一個漂亮的公式,而2001 年的論文以一個較簡單的方法證明了這個結果。(1)(2)(3) 而我們先從固定 m 尋找遞迴式的方法出發,接著用m 的結果推出m + 1,最後期望能找出與論文一樣的一個漂亮的一般通式。