透過親手磨製岩石薄片及礦物比例數據，探討觀音火山熔岩的差異與其差異原因。根據前人研究得知，觀音山經過五次噴發，共有七種不同的火山岩。比對地質圖，尋找各層出露地點共17處，進行田野調查、空拍記錄及樣本採集，並磨製岩石薄片共14片，進行岩相觀察與礦物面積比例計算。 本研究觀察到觀音山熔岩有漸變關係，符合鮑氏反應序列。從橄欖石玄武岩→普通輝石玄武岩→普通輝石安山岩→兩輝石安山岩→紫蘇輝石安山岩→黑雲母角閃石安山岩。 並依據新的田野調查資料，修正觀音山的地質圖資；建立火山噴發歷程模擬動畫；製作立體地形模型，以瞭解對地質地貌關係，皆可做為日後觀音山地球科學教育之參考。

sRNA在各種物種的精子功能中起著至關重要的作用。在秀麗隱桿線中，當缺少精子相關的sRNA「ALG-3/4 26G sRNA」會導致其在25度時不孕。此外，IFE-1是人類真核轉譯起始因子EIF4E的直系同源基因，主要表達於雄性生殖細胞系統中。在先前研究中我們觀察到當「真核轉譯起始因子IFE-1有缺陷」或「精子缺少相關sRNA」時，亦會導致精子具有缺陷。由於三者的相似性，我們認為IFE-1和26G sRNA的生成路徑有關。因此我們假設IFE-1參與協助酵素NYN-3辨認並切割msd-1 mRNA模板後促進26G sRNA生成。我們使用Western Blot、IP、螢光顯微鏡等方法，探討了IFE-1和MSD-1::GFP的關係，發現在ife-1正常的情況下，高溫對於MSD-1::GFP的表現量沒有影響。並且因該蛋白只表現在公蟲精子，我們可以推論msd-1:gfp 只作用於公蟲精子。而此疑似可正向調控基因表現的26G sRNA，有望發展成有別於過往sRNA藥物抑制基因表現的一種新基因治療方法。

現代社會中，睡眠剝奪已成為普遍問題，人們對其對免疫系統及整體健康的負面影響愈加關注。本研究使用特製的旋轉鼠籠讓小鼠連續72小時保持清醒，探討急性睡眠剝奪對小鼠免疫反應的影響。研究發現NK細胞與脾臟中的記憶CD8 T細胞比例明顯減少，顯示細胞毒性功能受損或記憶免疫反應下降。與此同時，抗炎細胞因子的表達增加，而促炎細胞因子和相關基因的表達則有顯著下調。此外，雖然觀察到B細胞比例有所增加，這可能是免疫系統在細胞免疫功能受損時，維持免疫穩態的反應。這些發現揭示了睡眠剝奪可能抑制免疫系統造成損害。本研究強調適量睡眠對維持免疫平衡的重要性，並指出睡眠不足可能促進慢性免疫問題的發展。在此基礎上，後續研究可探討短期睡眠剝奪與腫瘤及免疫系統的關聯，並延伸至長期剝奪的影響。

我們是探討磁星的短X射線爆發(Short X-ray burst)。利用RXTE太空望遠鏡觀測磁星1E2259+586的數據，經由Bayesian block方法對光變曲線篩選找出爆發，並配合「波松分佈」與「虛無假設」找出50筆爆發事件(爆發的正確性有5σ的信心水準)。再利用HDBSCAN非監督式學習演算法來對短X射線爆發進行分群，找出此磁星有「短暫且高能爆發、中等持續與能量爆發、較長持續且溫和爆發、快速且低能爆發」現象，暗示了磁星爆發的多樣性並有不同的爆發機制。此外我們也發現磁星可能有「週期性」的現象，也許是自轉週期、地殼受的應力或磁場變化經過同樣時間累積(有週期性)而爆發。我們也比對有快速電波爆發 (Fast radio burst, FRB)的磁星SGR 1935+2154，看是否1E2259+586有FRB現象，結果暗示1E2259+586可能沒有FRB現象。

本研究探討聲音共振引起腔體開口處氣流噴出的現象。實驗通過揚聲器播放聲音，使固定的錐形瓶產生共振，並改變聲音頻率、聲音強度及腔體參數（體積、瓶口截面積、瓶頸長度）分析氣流的形成原理與機制。腔體非共振情況下，腔體內外氣壓的振幅差較小，且存在相位差，此時開口處並未測得氣流；而在共振時，腔體內氣壓振幅顯著增加，導致開口處出現氣流且流速達到峰值。而流速峰值頻率與腔體幾何參數的關係符合修正後的亥姆霍茲共振公式，其中瓶頸有效長度應為L+1.45D。此外，氣流形態受衝程比L/D影響，當衝程比小於0.1時，氣體噴出後容易被重新吸回腔體，無法形成噴流；而衝程比大於0.4時，噴出氣流形成穩定的不連續渦流環，即合成噴流；在0.1至0.4之間時，氣流形態處於過渡狀態。本研究為聲能轉動能方面提供新的研究途徑，並有進階研究的可能性。

Burns are a major global health concern especially in developing countries like 印尼, where southeast asian women experience the highest burn incidents globally. Burns can cause severe physical and psychological impacts, with treatments that are critical to reduce complications. This study focuses on the development of organic, cost-effective burn gels using flavonoid compounds which are Quercetin and Myrecetin which are taken from pilea melastomoides leaves, a wild 印尼n plant and carrot (Daucus Carota). These skin extracts aim to accelerate wound healing, minimize pain and prevent infection. The gel formation involves extracting active compounds using 96% ethanol as it has been effectively used for extracting a wide range of bioactive compounds to preserve their quality by preventing microbial contamination, and ensures a high yield of active ingredients suitable for topical applications. Then it goes through a process of Phytochemical screening to confirm the presence of flavonoids by using the Shinoda test. The formulation process included dissolving the HPC-m (Hydroxypropyl Cellulose) as a gelling agent, then adding plant extracts (pilea melastomoides leaves and carrot), as well as combining other ingredients such as propylene glycol, sodium benzoate, sodium metabisulfite, and disodium EDTA. The gel was stirred thoroughly to ensure uniformity and left at room temperature for 48 hours to attain the required consistency. The gel that was formatted went under various quality assessments, first being organoleptic testing. This test is used to evaluate its physical characteristics which includes color aroma, and consistency which confirms a stable dark green appearance and a natural strong scent from the plant extracts. The homogeneity test is used to verify the uniformity distribution of active compounds across the gel, to ensure a consistent efficacy. The pH test showed the gel’s acidity level which remained the safe range for skin application. Additionally, the spreading ability test demonstrated the gel’s excellent application properties, with consistent results across trials. Subsequently, the in silico analysis was conducted to predict the behaviour of specific flavonoid compounds used which is the myricetin and quercetin, highlighting their potential anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities. Further bacterial contamination tests confirmed the gel’s antimicrobial efficacy, reducing the risk of infection in wounds. This study demonstrates that the gel, formulated with pilea melastomoides leaves and carrot skin extracts, effectively utilizes flavonoids and other phytochemicals to reduce inflammation, promote tissue regeneration and retain moisture, which fosters an optimal condition for wound healing. This organic and sustainable burn treatment utilizes locally sourced ingredients, providing a natural solution that speeds up recovery, reduces pain and prevents infections. The results highlight its significant potential for wider healthcare use, especially in resource-limited environments.

Climate changes that include ocean acidification and global warming are serious problems in the ecosystem, affecting marine phytoplankton, including Nannochloropsis oceanica. In the effort to further explore the impact of rising temperature and carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentrations on oceanic ecosystems, the phytoplankton Nannochloropsis oceanica was used as a model organism. This study explored the effect of temperature change and CO₂ concentration on the growth of Nannochloropsis oceanica, achieving 243 samples that were tested with three different temperatures (24 degrees Celsius (°C), 28°C, 32°C) and CO₂ concentrations (0 milliliter (ml)/min, 0.4 ml/min, 0.6 ml/min), utilizing a hemocytometer counting method. Results indicate that the CO₂ concentration has a significant effect on the population of Nannochloropsis oceanica. But the temperature doesn't affect a lot. The Nannochloropsis oceanica in the lowest temperature and highest concentration of CO₂ in its environment had the highest population growth, and in the highest temperature and lowest concentration of CO₂, it had the lowest population growth. Results show the serious negative effect of climate change on the cosystem and the importance of environmental protection. Population blooms due to excess CO₂ taking up ocean resources causing dangerous ecological imbalances.

此實驗在研究一條環狀鏈條被吊起並開始旋轉時，在不同轉速下敲擊後所產生擾動波的現象。其中主要分析鏈條上波速和鏈條旋轉速度之間的關係。首先我們利用雷射切割機自製轉盤，並觀察到旋轉鏈條在不同轉速、敲擊不同位置時，在鏈條上所產生的波。我們接著用手機拍下此現象並用Tracker標記波的位置變化，放入Excel用回歸分析作圖之後，推測波速和鏈條轉速之間的關係。我們接著研究金屬鏈條碰觸地面受到摩擦力作用產生的週期性振盪，我們提出理論模型並估算週期，計算的結果與實驗數據吻合。最後研究旋轉鏈條被挑出圓盤後在地面移動的情形，分析移動距離、移動時間與轉速之間的關係。

When a leaf of a plant encounters stress, how does the plant convey the stress signal to other tissues and manage nutrient distribution? This field of study has been largely unexplored. However, the unique interconnected frond structure of Lemna trisulca, along with the use of a divided Petri dish, is very suitable for handling localized stress and investigating the mechanisms of intracellular signaling and nutrient distribution. Research has shown that when the mother leaf experiences localized stress, it releases healthy daughter leaves to minimize collateral damage to the daughter leaves. Conversely, when the daughter leaves face localized stress, the mother leaf chooses to retain them and continues supplying them with nutrients to support their survival. In-depth studies revealed that stressed daughter leaves accumulate Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), triggering nutrient distribution by sending a distress signal to the mother leaf. This prompts the mother leaf to use Ca2+ as a signaling molecule to deliver nutrients to the daughter leaves. Selective detachment is regulated and triggered by the interaction between Ca2+ and ROS within the mother leaf. When the mother leaf undergoes stress, Ca2+ acts upstream to induce ROS accumulation at the nodes, sending a unidirectional detachment signal to the daughter leaves. This causes ROS accumulation at the daughter leaf nodes, inducing detachment and thereby reducing the collateral damage the daughter leaf could experience due to the mother leaves.

This study primarily investigates the components of food residues in the stomach of flying squirrels and the metabolism of the intestinal bacteria Floricoccus tropicus. Using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) hydrogen spectrum analysis, the signals of long-chain fatty acids were detected in both n-hexane and 75% ethanol extracts of flying squirrel gastric residues and acorns, suggesting that acorns may be a primary food source for the flying squirrels. The study also identified Floricoccus tropicus, one of the lactic acid bacteria, from the intestines of flying squirrels and discovered its role in the metabolism of fatty acids in acorns. Results showed that polyunsaturated fatty acids significantly decreased during fermentation, indicating that they were converted into short-chain fatty acids with anti-inflammatory properties. In the antibacterial activity experiments, the acorn grease showed no inhibitory effects before fermentation, but after fermentation, the acorn grease exhibited inhibitory effects against E. coli. Furthermore, in anti-inflammatory tests, fermented acorn grease samples significantly suppressed the production of NO and TNF-α in LPSinduced RAW 264.7 cells, with greater inhibition at higher concentrations. In conclusion, the lactic acid bacteria Floricoccus tropicus was found to metabolize fatty acids of acorns into compounds with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects.