一價銠金屬催化肉桂胺衍生物進行不對稱氫芳基化反應
Rhodium(I)-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydroarylation of Cinnamylamine Derivatives
一價銠金屬催化反應已經被廣泛應用於有機化學合成領域中。而本研究以具保護基之肉桂胺衍生物1與四芳基硼鈉試劑2a作為起始物進行銠金屬不對稱氫芳基化催化反應,得到具有保護基的掌性2,3-雙芳基丙胺衍生物3,並探討此反應的掌性雙烯配基對於反應的影響。本研究已完成使用Ts(對甲苯磺醯基)保護基之肉桂胺衍生物1a作為起始物進行反應,並改變與銠金屬錯合的配基,發現當配基使用2,5號位為芳基取代之配基L(掌性雙環[2,2,1]雙烯配基)時,反應有較好的位置選擇性,其中最佳的是芳基取代為苯基之配基L1,其位置選擇性比例為1:0:0.09。目前將進行改變起始物1之氮上的保護基,以L1作為配基進行反應,並與1a比較,優化反應性及產率。
Modal frequencies in a nonlinear beam-magnet coupled oscillator system
In this paper, I investigated the motion of a nonlinear coupled oscillator system consisting of two leaf springs secured to a non-magnetic base with magnets attached to the upper ends such they repel and are free to move. My results showed that the system exhibits the beats phenomenon, and interestingly that the frequencies show a dependence on initial conditions. I hence hypothesized this sensitivity is due to two sources of nonlinearities: geometric nonlinearity during large deflections of the leaf springs and the nonlinearity in the magnetic force. To test this hypothesis, a nonlinear mathematical model was developed, accounting for nonlinear beam effects up to third order and fully solving the nonlinear magnetic force using a current cylinder model, accounting for the tilting of the magnets. An approximate linear model was also developed for comparison. The theoretical models were validated experimentally by investigating the dynamic motion of the springs through time, as well as how the modal frequencies in the system depend on the initial displacement, the length of the spring, and the distance between the springs. The more accurate nonlinear model I derived shows good agreement with experimental results while the linear theory does not, highlighting the importance of nonlinearities in this system. An improved understanding of these nonlinear systems could lead to advancements in design and efficiency, and safety in various applications such as energy harvesting.