全國中小學科展

2025年

腔體共振與開孔氣流的探討

本研究探討聲音共振引起腔體開口處氣流噴出的現象。實驗通過揚聲器播放聲音,使固定的錐形瓶產生共振,並改變聲音頻率、聲音強度及腔體參數(體積、瓶口截面積、瓶頸長度)分析氣流的形成原理與機制。腔體非共振情況下,腔體內外氣壓的振幅差較小,且存在相位差,此時開口處並未測得氣流;而在共振時,腔體內氣壓振幅顯著增加,導致開口處出現氣流且流速達到峰值。而流速峰值頻率與腔體幾何參數的關係符合修正後的亥姆霍茲共振公式,其中瓶頸有效長度應為L+1.45D。此外,氣流形態受衝程比L/D影響,當衝程比小於0.1時,氣體噴出後容易被重新吸回腔體,無法形成噴流;而衝程比大於0.4時,噴出氣流形成穩定的不連續渦流環,即合成噴流;在0.1至0.4之間時,氣流形態處於過渡狀態。本研究為聲能轉動能方面提供新的研究途徑,並有進階研究的可能性。

Insights into the Anti-Inflammatory Effects and Physicochemical Properties of Polysaccharides Extracted from Selected Medicinal Mushrooms

硫磺菇(Laetiporus sulphureus)和桑黃菇(Sanghuangporus sanghuang)是東亞,特別是台灣森林中的兩種真菌。這些真菌的次級代謝物,特別是多醣,具有抗炎和抗癌的生物效應;其地面子實體長期被當地人作為傳統藥物使用。然而,這些藥用特性及其機制尚未充分研究。本研究旨在分析和量化這些真菌多醣的抗炎效果。從硫磺菇中提取硫酸化多醣,從桑黃菇中提取非硫酸化多醣,並使用水和乙醇進行多步純化。隨後,將純化後的產品餵給巨噬細胞進行體外測試以檢查其抗炎性。硫酸化多醣的最佳濃度為150 ppm,能夠最大程度地降低自由基濃度21.6%,且不影響細胞活力。相比之下,桑黃菇的所有多醣濃度均顯示出增強的細胞炎症,顯示其作為藥物無效,因為沒有去除真菌毒素。相比之下,硫磺菇的硫酸化多醣顯示出其藥用潛力,對生物醫學和生物探索領域具有新啟示。

探討年齡影響急性腎損傷的潛在機制

在現代社會高齡化的趨勢下,老化與衰弱成為引人注目的社會問題,近期也被認為是造成死亡的主要原因。本研究探討了不同年齡小鼠腎臟功能及分子機制的變化。結果顯示,老化小鼠腎絲球過濾率較差,腎損傷指標NGAL和KIM-1增加,顯示老化影響腎功能。此外,老化小鼠的抗氧化能力下降,CHOP蛋白顯著上升,顯示內質網壓力增加。急性腎損傷實驗進一步發現,老化小鼠的腎功能下降及組織損傷較年輕小鼠嚴重,且脂質代謝及粒線體生合成指標呈下降趨勢。這些變化是否由於適應性未折疊蛋白XBP1表現下降造成,仍須更進一步研究釐清。總結,本研究探討年輕與老化小鼠腎臟之分子機轉差異,有助於深入了解老化對腎臟功能的影響和造成急性腎損傷與衰弱症之關鍵因素。

磁星短x射線爆發特徵分析:以1E2259+586為例

我們是探討磁星的短X射線爆發(Short X-ray burst)。利用RXTE太空望遠鏡觀測磁星1E2259+586的數據,經由Bayesian block方法對光變曲線篩選找出爆發,並配合「波松分佈」與「虛無假設」找出50筆爆發事件(爆發的正確性有5σ的信心水準)。再利用HDBSCAN非監督式學習演算法來對短X射線爆發進行分群,找出此磁星有「短暫且高能爆發、中等持續與能量爆發、較長持續且溫和爆發、快速且低能爆發」現象,暗示了磁星爆發的多樣性並有不同的爆發機制。此外我們也發現磁星可能有「週期性」的現象,也許是自轉週期、地殼受的應力或磁場變化經過同樣時間累積(有週期性)而爆發。我們也比對有快速電波爆發 (Fast radio burst, FRB)的磁星SGR 1935+2154,看是否1E2259+586有FRB現象,結果暗示1E2259+586可能沒有FRB現象。

探討藉由隧道奈米管(TNTs)傳遞Chromogranin-A對神經母細胞瘤細胞的影響及其相關機制

Previous research observed increased TNTs formation between hypoxic and normoxic neuroblastoma cells, aiding hypoxic cell survival. CHGA was identified as a potential factor in this process. This study compared CHGA expression and whether CHGA exists in TNTs in five cell lines, with SH-SY5Y showing the highest levels, followed by SK-N-BE(2)C, while the other three showed lower expression. Future studies will focus on the impact of CHGA on cell survival and its mechanisms.

情感分析生成器—自動生成文字感染情緒

隨著網路技術不斷的進步,意見和情感分析逐漸成為人們日常生活中的一部分。儘管如此,目前人們缺乏一個方便且快速的情緒分析模型,供廣大大眾使用。 本研究旨在提供人們一個緩解憂鬱情緒的管道——當人們輸入一個需要被安慰的情境時,我們的系統將輸出安慰語句,以緩解該使用者之憂鬱情緒,達到安慰效果。為此,本研究訓練了BERT model以及 LLaMA model。BERT model能判斷使用者輸入的語句是否為需安慰語句。而LLaMA model則作為安慰語句之生成模型,以達到安慰之效果。

Wetting Tracing Paper—Fiber Porous Media Curling Behavior and Mechanisms

This research presents a novel approach to understanding the curling and uncurling behavior of tracing paper when exposed to water, identifying limitations in traditional diffusion-based models like Fick’s second law. While Fick's model adequately represents the uncurling phase, where water content is stable, it falls short during the curling phase due to its inability to account for dynamic changes in diffusivity. Our study identifies capillary action, modeled through Richards' equation, as the primary mechanism in the curling phase, where diffusivity varies with water content due to capillary-driven water movement through the paper's porous structure. Experimental data align well with the Richards' equation model, highlighting a saturation point where curvature peaks, governed by evaporation's impact on moisture balance. To simulate this phenomenon, we developed a finite difference approximation scheme based on Richards' equation, discretizing the spatial domain for detailed control over moisture dynamics and incorporating the Robin boundary condition with virtual points. This approach, combined with evaporation considerations, produces simulation results consistent with observed data, emphasizing evaporation’s role in steady-state moisture gradients and the subsequent deformation mechanics. Our findings further reveal that factors like paper thickness, temperature, and salt concentration significantly influence curling behavior. We established linear correlations between peak time and thickness reciprocal, as well as between peak curvature and thickness squared, supporting theoretical models. Temperature affects both peak curvature and curling rate due to changes in viscosity and surface tension, and higher temperatures prevent full uncurling due to sustained evaporation effects. Increased salt concentration heightens peak curvature without altering expansion ratio, suggesting additional variables in play.

大生熊蟲自體螢光於檢測蔬菜硝酸鹽之應用與螢光機制探討 Application and Mechanism of Tardigrade Macobiotus Autofluorescence in the Detection of Vegetable Nitrates

利用鏡檢大生熊蟲形態檢測蔬菜中硝酸鹽壓力,常有形態判別問題,本研究想利用其自體螢光開發新型檢測模式,利用硝酸鹽壓力下其活動與隱生比例差異與自體螢光強度關係,檢測硝酸鹽濃度。顯示其自體螢光最佳激發波長為488 nm,製作檢量線(R2=0.99)與自製裝置使用470nm波長激發以壓克力濾光(R2=0.97)可檢測0〜156 mg/L硝酸鹽,可改善鏡檢缺點,並嘗試應用,發現蔬菜硝酸鹽 (小白菜492mg/L),超出其自體螢光檢測極限,且蔬菜萃取液會影響大生熊蟲自體螢光,目前能進行定性分析,後續將分析蔬菜中造成干擾物質,繼續評估其應用性。探討其螢光機制,利用組織切片,探討大生熊蟲自體螢光強度與表皮層厚度在隱生和活動狀態下,是否具有相關性,發現脫水樣本自體螢光強度與螢光面積較活動樣本無差異(p>0.05),推測自體螢光強度會受到其隱生時體表收縮程度有關。

橡實代謝物與飛鼠小腸內生菌共發酵產物之應用

This study primarily investigates the components of food residues in the stomach of flying squirrels and the metabolism of the intestinal bacteria Floricoccus tropicus. Using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) hydrogen spectrum analysis, the signals of long-chain fatty acids were detected in both n-hexane and 75% ethanol extracts of flying squirrel gastric residues and acorns, suggesting that acorns may be a primary food source for the flying squirrels. The study also identified Floricoccus tropicus, one of the lactic acid bacteria, from the intestines of flying squirrels and discovered its role in the metabolism of fatty acids in acorns. Results showed that polyunsaturated fatty acids significantly decreased during fermentation, indicating that they were converted into short-chain fatty acids with anti-inflammatory properties. In the antibacterial activity experiments, the acorn grease showed no inhibitory effects before fermentation, but after fermentation, the acorn grease exhibited inhibitory effects against E. coli. Furthermore, in anti-inflammatory tests, fermented acorn grease samples significantly suppressed the production of NO and TNF-α in LPSinduced RAW 264.7 cells, with greater inhibition at higher concentrations. In conclusion, the lactic acid bacteria Floricoccus tropicus was found to metabolize fatty acids of acorns into compounds with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects.

理論設計與高效率合成三吲哚衍生物應用於癌症標靶藥物 Theoretical Design and Highly Efficient Synthesis of Triindole Derivatives for Targeted Cancer Therapeutics

抗癌藥物的研究一直受到重視,吲哚(indole)衍生物可助抵擋自由基,而二吲哚(Di-indole)衍生物已成為抗癌劑。鈣離子/鈣調蛋白依賴性蛋白激酶 (Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II,CaMKII)之抑制劑為癌症標靶藥物重要研究方向之一,抑制CaMKII可降低各種癌細胞增殖和存活,但目前尚無CaMKII抑制劑藥物。本研究以三吲哚為主架構,發展衍生物作為CaMKII抑制劑,期望可應用於抗癌劑。電腦軟體Discovery Studio2016模擬各種三吲哚衍生物分子模型與CaMKII α(PDB: 2VZ6)之結合能,選出結合能較大之化合物3,並延伸結構/活性(SAR)最佳化,進行一系列高效率藥物合成純化工作。經由送測生物細胞活性,其中先導化合物(lead compound) 3-1對癌細胞之毒性高且對CaMKIIα的抑制效果佳,符合癌症治療上的需求,將繼續最佳化此結構,並進行細胞訊號傳送途徑及動物實驗。