全國中小學科展

2021年

探討造孔劑粒徑與添加量對天然水膠軟骨支架之孔洞型態影響

軟骨修復目前仍是臨床治療上的挑戰,組織工程扮演著可行性的解決方案。軟骨修復中,軟骨支架是關鍵的要素。本研究使用天然高分子水膠透過溶劑鑄造鹽洗法製備軟骨支架,去探討造孔劑粒徑大小(大粒徑:170;小粒徑:250)與添加量(低量:2克;高量4克)是否會影響製成軟骨支架的物化性質,以及會影響前驅骨母細胞分化的能力。透過觀察所製成的四種軟骨支架顯微結構,分別測試其吸水量、降解性、抗壓強度與交聯度,並測試其生物相容性與促進前驅骨母細胞增生及分化之能力。結果發現,造孔劑粒徑大且高添加量的軟骨支架 (170-4組別),雖抗壓強度僅 0.0177 MPa,每克支架吸水量達 14.72 mL ,浸泡於試劑 30 天後,支架不會明顯降解,且不具細胞毒性,促進前驅骨母細胞增生與分化的能力最佳,因此可作為適用於軟骨缺損修復之組織工程支架,提高軟骨修復之成效。

Sustainable G-Polymer From Industrial Waste

This study focuses on the pre-treatment of paper sludge ash (PSA) as a by-product of paper milling industry that contains high amount of calcium, yet low in silica. The presence of high calcium content in geopolymer system will accelerate the setting time of fresh geopolymer and may disrupt the development of its mechanical strength. Therefore, in this study, the refinement of PSA properties was conducted by treating raw PSA in hydrochloric acid solution with different molarities of 0.5 M, 1.0 M and 2.0 M. The pre-treatment process was mainly purposed to decrease the amount of calcium and other impurities through leaching mechanism. Based on the experimental results, 2.0 M hydrochloric acid solution (HCl) was determined as the optimum concentration due to its ability in removing higher amount of calcium from the ash, yet still able to increase the amount of silica. Compression test on the hardened properties of geopolymer specimen also showed the deceleration of fresh fly ash based geopolymer and produced a more workable fresh geopolymer.

Phytochemical screening and evaluation of antiangiogenic properties of sapinit (Rubus fraxinifolius) fruit crude extracts

Plants are potential low-cost alternatives for cancer treatment. Rubus fraxinifolius or “sapinit” has been found to possess phytochemicals with anti-cancer potential. This project aimed to evaluate the antiangiogenic properties of methanolic R. fraxinifolius fruit crude extracts through the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. Through phytochemical screening, leucoanthocyanins, phenols, and tannins were detected. For the CAM assay, 10, 20, and 30 μg/μL extracts, distilled water, methanol, and retinoic acid were applied on 60 ten-day-old chicken eggs. The CAM photographs were analyzed using ImageJ Software. The mean percent inhibitions (MPI) of total length and vascular density from both analyses were subjected to One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The ANOVA for the MPI of total length, followed by a Tukey post hoc test, show that only retinoic acid treatment has significantly higher MPI (p = 0.0010). Meanwhile, the results for the MPI of vascular density show no significant differences between all groups (p = 0.1630). It is possible that the concentrations used in the study may not be the concentrations needed to achieve optimal antiangiogenesis. The results may also be due to the absence of phytochemicals that exhibit significant antiangiogenic properties such as alkaloids. Lower concentrations and isolated phytochemicals may also be tested.

實驗室裡的飛行荷蘭人--複雜蜃景之探究 (Fata Morgana: the explanation of the 'Flying Dutchman')

複雜蜃景(Fata Morgana)專指擁有多重影像的特殊上蜃景,形成於高緯度海面上,也是「飛行荷蘭人」的主要成因。本研究主要藉由探討介質折射率梯度變化與觀察者高度位置等變因,釐清複雜蜃景形成與觀察的最佳條件。藉由控制高濃度糖水溶液擴散形成的密度梯度,我們在六十公分的水缸中重建出形成複雜蜃景的環境,主要是因為糖水溶液中的折射率梯度遠大於海面上空氣的逆溫梯度所造成之折射率變化。為了進一步解析光在複雜折射率介質中之行進模式,我們以綠雷射光入射糖溶液,在側向以相機紀錄光的行進軌跡,分析探討其折射現象。我們同時利用相機觀察放置於水缸另一側的模型船,藉以觀察實際蜃景的形成與演化。本研究中我們另發展一套光軌跡的模擬程式,以協助實驗的進行與驗證實驗的成果。藉由實驗與理論模擬相互映證,充分探討複雜蜃景的成像與形成的最佳條件。

New Approach to Food Packaging: Antimicrobial and Edible Materials

In addition to adequate and balanced nutrition in the protection of human health, the reliability of consumed foods is also of great importance. When foods contact with the environment, they are undergoing many microbiological, physical and chemical changes such as moisture loss, aroma exchange, oxidation and contamination with microorganisms. So this changes reduce quality and shorten the shelf life. During cutting and processing of chicken meat, especially contamination on the surface causes deterioration of the meat starting from the surface and thus short shelf life. Though contamination of chicken meat surface is inevitable, growth of contaminant microorganisms can be inhibited and microorganisms can be killed. In recent years, increased risks of infection due to antibiotic-resistant microorganisms have forced the discovery of new and natural antibacterial materials. It is a new and advantageous approach to avoid environmental pollution caused by the use of food packaging and safety of food, prolongation of product shelf life by natural, edible, antibacterial biomolecules in packaging products. In the scope of the project, in order to produce an edible alginate gel containing the antimicrobial peptide nisin, which has an antibacterial property to prevent microbial growth on the surface of chicken meat, following steps was done;  Synthesis of calcium alginate and nisin immobilized calcium alginate beads  Optimization of immobilizing nisin in calcium alginate beads,  Characterization of nisin immobilized calcium alginate beads by ATR-FTIR Spectrum and SEM Analysis,  Determination of the antimicrobial activity of white meat product chicken which is coated by nisin immobilizing calcium alginate gel.

中文重點文句摘取

在資訊爆炸的時代,效率閱讀、整理資料的能力越趨重要。身為高中生,學習時的閱讀量龐大,還須另外自己挑選重點句,重新整理筆記。因此我想如果可以讓電腦自動摘取文章的重點,就能幫助學生效率學習。 大多數現存的自動摘要研究適用於英文文本,本研究利用演算法抓取中文文章的摘要,使學生可以真正實用該演算法於日常學習當中。除此之外,此研究比較了不同方法摘要的準確率以及優缺點。

Imperative Programming程式碼與Functional Programming程式碼的等價性與其證明,使用Agda

本研究主要考慮在盡量保留可讀性的情況下,找出將 Imperative Programming 程式碼對應的 Functional Programming 的程式碼並證明。 結果如下: 一、if statement 等價於由 ifte 函數所構成的程式碼,其中函數ifte定義在本文內 二、某些 for-loop statement 等價於由 foldl 函數所構成的程式碼 三、某些 for-loop statement 等價於由 map 函數所構成的程式碼

懸浮微粒三維偵測與預報系統

近年空氣品質已是居住環境與健康的指標,「細懸浮微粒」充斥在空氣中,造成過敏,增加肺癌的危險。本研究探討懸浮微粒在受到重力、空氣阻力與空氣浮力影響後,形成分層。並利用VPython軟體模擬不同大小的懸浮微粒(pm10、pm2.5與pm1.0)於空間中碰撞及受到空氣阻力產生能量衰減,藉此了解不同微粒之分層現象。再實作以居住樓層不同的垂直高度,設計組裝架設「懸浮微粒三維偵測器」及物聯網。以台灣中部地區,日益增加的空汙狀況下,模擬以台中火力發電廠為例,探討其風向、地理環境、以擴散模式理論模擬後,選定數棟建築物,監測每棟建築物地面上不同高度的空氣品質數值。最後監測數值自動上傳至物聯網雲端資料庫 ThingSpeak,並可於使用者端監測及取得測量數值;期許再利用機器學習及歷史累積的三維空氣品質資料,將來更優化預測空氣品質數值之成效。

探討粒線體如何參與調控細胞內鈣離子訊息傳遞

鈣池調控鈣離子內流(store-operated calcium entry, SOCE)是非興奮性細胞中最主要的鈣離子通道。當內質網缺乏鈣離子時,位在內質網上的STIM1(Stromal interaction molecule 1)便會改變構型與在細胞膜上的ORAI1(Calcium relaease-activated calcium channel protein1)接合,激活SOCE的路徑。近來的研究顯示,粒線體會影響SOCE的活性。已知平均有5%-20%的粒線體藉由連繫蛋白與內質網相連。又已知內職網在缺乏鈣離子時會移動至細胞膜附近,故我們認為粒線體有很大的機率藉由連繫蛋白與內質網一同移動至細胞膜並透過吸收鈣離子的機制來調控SOCE的活性。 在使細胞表現特定螢光蛋白的前提下,我們透過活體細胞攝影來觀察特定對象(粒線體、粒線體內鈣離子)的動態變化。 從實驗結果中我們發現:當SOCE被激活後,粒線體會移動至SOCE發生處且較靠近STIM1。又絕大部分移動至SOCE發生處的粒線體同時也會吸收鈣離子。 過去的研究已證實,當粒線體與內質網之間缺乏鈣離子時,SOCE的活性會降低,且當粒線體內膜的主要鈣離子通道MCU(Mitochondria calcium uniporter)缺乏時,亦會導致相同的結果。又從我們的實驗可知當SOCE被激活時,粒線體會移動至SOCE發生處並吸收鈣離子。綜合上述,我們可以推論以下機制,當細胞內的SOCE被激活時,粒線體會藉由連繫蛋白與內質網一同移動至SOCE發生處,同時以吸收鈣離子的方式來調控SOCE的活性以及細胞內的鈣離子濃度。

探討紅綠色盲族群對不同顏色赫曼方格的視錯覺現象

延續2020年視錯覺研究,我們想要探討視覺神經細胞接受不同亮度對立顏色刺激後是否會有不同活化程度,影響視錯覺?另外也想探討不同對立配色的赫曼方格中線條寬度的閾值是否有差異?我們設計網頁版程式,改變赫曼方格線條顏色的亮度和寬度,以正常受試者為對照組,色盲受試者為實驗組,探討視錐細胞的變異是否影響視錯覺的產生。我們以顏色拮抗理論定義對立配色的赫曼方格,以標準化情境進行實驗。在線條亮度的結果中,黑白配色的赫曼方格圖案中線條與方格對比度越大,視錯覺產生的效果越明顯。兩群受試者在綠紅、紅綠、藍黃這三組配色,線條亮度範圍呈現兩極化的趨勢,可能原因為色盲因錐狀細胞變異,需要較高亮度的對比顏色刺激才容易讓神經細胞有活化程度上的差異,造成視錯覺出現。在改變線條寬度的結果中,發現藍黃的赫曼方格閾值與明顯值最大,黑白次之,綠紅最小,可能與細胞感受野大小有關,且線條寬度超過感受野的閾值,視錯覺就無法產生。兩群受試者的線條寬度閾值差異,可能與色錐細胞變異有關。綜合以上結果,顯示視網膜色錐細胞與神經節細胞的作用,對視錯覺形成扮演一定角色。在消費行為問卷結果中,我們發現格子衣服若是顏色對比度大、線條較細的圖案設計,消費者的滿意程度較低,這原因可能與視錯覺產生影響衣服視覺效果。