全國中小學科展

2021年

The effects of a water tower with dual-damping energy dissipation system on shock absorption

921地震震波對高11-15層大樓產生重大危害。本研究以模型模擬11層大樓建築物,頂樓設置水塔配合陽台天花板設置水撲滿的雙阻尼消能系統設計,探討不同震度震波在雙阻尼系統減震成效。模擬之設備利用3D列印機自製水撲滿、不同形式網狀隔間液體阻尼零件,自製地震模擬器以電流調整器控制怠速馬達,進行模擬不同震度下高樓產生擺動與震盪之狀態與特性。 實驗發現單一阻尼消能元件的減震阻尼效能較差,雙阻尼消能系統可提升39%至58%減震阻尼效能。其中雙阻尼消能系統若有網狀隔間,水波擾動震盪越明顯,阻尼效能提升 6%至14%。11層大樓於頂樓設置平行器壁網狀隔間正方形水塔,並配合在第9至11層樓處,設置隔間距離較短網狀隔間水撲滿,二者水位設定六分滿,此液體雙阻尼減震消能系統,可抑制模擬震度5至7級震波對大樓產生的順向波動共振與大樓結構體的自主扭轉共振。

基於深度學習之服裝試衣系統

本研究以AI虛擬試衣系統(Virtual Try-on)為主題,透過深度學習技術,並結合幾何匹配模型,開發出試衣系統,可將使用者上傳的照片,模擬成穿著新衣的模樣。 首先,以深度學習模型將人物原始圖片取出骨架節點,並生成人體遮罩以及保留人物頭部,再結合以上三種資訊合成為高維特徵圖。接著將目標替換衣物生成出依照人體姿態扭曲後的衣物圖片。最後於Virtual Try-on模型中將人體高維特徵圖與扭曲衣物作為輸入,並經過深度學習網路合成出穿著目標衣物之人體圖像。本研究結果發現,人物站姿單純,且雙手緊貼身側,以及拍攝角度為正面、衣服款式為短袖、背景色彩對比度較高與衣服圖案單純的原始圖片,可得到較好的合成結果。

將廢矽泥製成奈米矽以及進一步應用於鋰離子電池負極材料之研究

矽元素因具有極高的理論電容和鋰攝取量(Li Uptake)而被認為是有潛力的鋰電池負極材料,然而該材料的特性使其在充放電時體積巨幅脹縮,造成結構碎裂,縮短了電池壽命。 本研究設計一套低耗能、低成本的製程,以現今台灣光伏產業大量難以回收之廢矽泥及鎂金屬為原料,將矽之粒徑縮小為奈米級以解決上述體積膨脹問題而成為極佳的鋰電池負極材料。 我們先將矽合成矽化鎂,再利用二氧化碳及氮氣的氧化還原反應製成多孔矽,隨後再利用創新的化學蝕刻法產出奈米矽。目前業界奈米矽的製備仍以高功率研磨為主,本研究首度使用銅離子、過氧化氫及氫氟酸作為蝕刻液,成功製造出平均粒徑100nm之負極材料。而過程中所使用的鎂粉可回收再使用,回收率高達94%,故幾乎無成本廢料排放,大幅降低當今鋰電池的生產成本,也落實防廢、再生、節能等綠色化學原則。

Utilizing Computer Vision And Machine Learning Algorithms To Control Smart Systems Helping Physically Disabled People.

About 15% of the world's population lives with some form of disability, of whom 2-4% experience significant difficulties in functioning. The global disability prevalence is higher than previous WHO estimates, which date from the 1970s and suggested a figure of around 10%. This global estimate for disability is on the rise due to population ageing and the rapid spread of chronic diseases, as well as improvements in the methodologies used to measure disability. This research deals specifically with the physically disabled and often people with physical disabilities feel frustrated because they cannot do activities such as: playing sports and doing exercise. Having a physical disability also changes the way a person lives their life. They may find their life changes and activities they had previously included as part of their daily routine such as brushing their teeth, washing and doing household chores suddenly become a huge effort and many people require another person's help to carry out these activities. Also, they suffer from three basic challenges like; education, economic and, communication. Firstly, Education: The results of the investigation revealed that the physically handicapped. They face a lot of problems while studying they can't learn as the normal ones and they needs someone to help in learning. Secondly, Economic: they can't work and achieve income to help in his practical life. And finally Communication: they can't communicate with others because of his disability.

Considering Fukushima’s contaminated water treatment system using algae ~ To protect the oceans from radioactive emissions

Nine years ago, the Great East 日本 Earthquake caused the spread of a large amount of radioactive materials. Even now, the amount of contaminated water is increasing at a rate of 180 tons per day, and it is said that the storage tanks for the contaminated water will run out of space in the next two years (Fig. 1). If the contaminated water is discharged into the ocean, it will cause reputational damage to the fishing industry, and the environmental pollution. We are conducting to research to prevent it from happening. In the wake of the nuclear accident, the senior started water quality surveys at Chaya Marsh near the school. During the survey, they found (Chara braunii, Fig. 2), (Nitella axilliformis, Fig. 3), Closterium moniliferum (Fig. 4), and (Nostoc commune, Fig. 5).

探討粒線體對果蠅卵巢生殖幹細胞維持的影響

幹細胞會進行不對稱分裂以維持組織恆定,一個子細胞分化為有特定功能的細胞,而另一個則維持其細胞潛能。粒線體能進行分裂和融合並維持動平衡。現今的研究已經了解,誘導型多能幹細胞(iPSC)的粒線體動平衡變化會促使其直接分化 (Seo BJ, et al., 2018)。然而,果蠅卵巢生殖幹細胞(GSC)內粒線體動平衡與幹細胞分化的關聯仍不清楚。本研究利用容易辨認的果蠅卵巢生殖幹細胞來探討這個問題,並使用Gal4-UAS系統與RNAi操縱粒線體動平衡,並發現粒線體融合蛋白被抑制會導致油滴堆積及幹細胞損失。另外,使用左旋肉鹼(L-carnatine)增進脂肪酸代謝,發現增進代謝會導致油滴減少及幹細胞回復。本研究著重於探討粒線體動平衡對GSC維持與脂肪酸代謝的影響,並對粒線體脂肪酸代謝與幹細胞分化的潛在關係提出觀點與佐證,盼未來能有更進一步的研究與醫療方面的應用。

以結膜影像判斷貧血之研究

全球貧血人口普遍,然許多人並不了解自身是否罹患貧血;長期患有貧血的病人,亦需定期抽血檢驗追蹤是否有貧血惡化達到需接受輸血的程度。研究顯示,結膜之顏色與貧血有絕對關係,結膜越白則貧血越嚴重,醫師也常使用結膜顏色推測是否有貧血情形。若能設計手機軟體自動分割結膜影像並分析其顏色,將有機會推測受試者是否罹患貧血。本研究收集22位無貧血者及8位貧血病人,並獲得其近期血紅素數值。以手機取得受試者之眼睛影像後,成功設計程式以深度學習完成結膜自動影像分割,對於分割影像以面積大小進行後期處理後,依其取得下眼瞼結膜之三原色平均,再利用kNN與SVM演算法判斷預測出該受試者是否具有貧血之症狀。本研究主要分為兩階段,其一為進行下眼瞼結膜分割模型訓練;其二為製作有無貧血之判斷模型。整合上述眼瞼分割模型(IoU=89.8%±0.02%)與貧血判斷模型(SVM以polynomial核函數測出 準確值93.3%±24.3%)後,可得貧血診斷準確率為80%。此結果代表AI技術有機會透過結膜影像,判斷被拍攝者是否有貧血情形,未來若能增加研究人數,將可設計網頁版或手機APP加以推測血紅素值,供大眾居家篩檢。

同「鋅」協力 —— 以醇解法探討金屬鋅催化解聚 PET之反應

聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯 (PET) 是一種常見的合成高分子材料,其被應用的範圍相當廣泛,如產品包裝、手提袋等,然而隨著人類的過度使用,越來越多的 PET 產品被發現有回收不當的現象。 文獻指出,醇解法為一具有反應條件簡單、反應過程溫和及較不會產生多餘副產物的解聚 PET 方法,且醇解法能使用非均相觸媒,具有易於分離觸媒的優勢,具工業化潛力。本研究嘗試利用廢電池中的鋅作為催化劑用以解聚 PET 成單體對苯二甲酸乙二酯(BHET),並深入討論影響反應進行的因素與發展應用。利用廢電池中的鋅作為催化劑不但成本低廉,也更能符合本研究的核心「綠色化學」。 本研究已透過最適化條件搜尋,發現能在催化劑使用量為 0.2 克、反應時間 4 小時、反應溫度 180 度時,解聚 5 克的 PET,有最佳效果之 BHET 產率 75.8% 和 PET 轉化率 93.2%。根據最適化反應條件,並比較不同種的鋅化合物做為催化劑,發現廢電池中的鋅作為催化劑催化反應,具有較佳的轉化率與產率。

Sustainable G-Polymer From Industrial Waste

This study focuses on the pre-treatment of paper sludge ash (PSA) as a by-product of paper milling industry that contains high amount of calcium, yet low in silica. The presence of high calcium content in geopolymer system will accelerate the setting time of fresh geopolymer and may disrupt the development of its mechanical strength. Therefore, in this study, the refinement of PSA properties was conducted by treating raw PSA in hydrochloric acid solution with different molarities of 0.5 M, 1.0 M and 2.0 M. The pre-treatment process was mainly purposed to decrease the amount of calcium and other impurities through leaching mechanism. Based on the experimental results, 2.0 M hydrochloric acid solution (HCl) was determined as the optimum concentration due to its ability in removing higher amount of calcium from the ash, yet still able to increase the amount of silica. Compression test on the hardened properties of geopolymer specimen also showed the deceleration of fresh fly ash based geopolymer and produced a more workable fresh geopolymer.

以空氣盒子探討台灣環境中懸浮微粒的潮解膨脹現象

我們的研究是利用空氣盒子設計出一個裝置,用以觀察環境中懸浮微粒潮解膨脹現象。 我們觀察了由硝酸銨與硫酸銨各自以及不同比例與混合模式組成的懸浮微粒。純硝酸銨的潮解點不明顯,純硫酸銨有明顯的潮解點。內混合懸浮微粒有一個潮解點,並且出現3種類型的潮解行為,分別是偏向硝酸銨或硫酸銨以及過渡型,後者粒徑成長的比例會比前兩者來得高。外混合懸浮微粒有兩個潮解點,保留兩種成分各自的特性。 我們利用雨水觀察環境中懸浮微粒的潮解膨脹現象,將其與內混合懸浮微粒的潮解點與潮解行為做比較,來推估其成分與來源。確定我們的裝置能推估出主要的污染成分及來源。