全國中小學科展

2021年

The Waves Fish Controller

Our oceans, coasts, and estuaries are home to diverse living things. These organisms take many forms, from the tiniest single-celled plankton to the largest animal on Earth, the blue whale. Understanding the life cycles, habits, habitats, and inter-relationships of marine life contributes to our understanding of the planet as a whole. Human influence and reliance on these species, as well as changing environmental conditions, will determine the future health of these marine inhabitants Humans influence the whole environment even if they don’t notice , the growth of men and our increasing reproduction over the years results to an over consumption of nutritious products , which makes us exploit the wildlife more and more and in the same time take parts of its habitats for us to life in and throwing our non-needed materials in what’s left of the world. And that’s a big problem because the Eco-System was just fine before we started over exploiting it in a greedy and unreasonable manner, and since the ecosystem’s parts are related altogether in an ongoing circle , the absence or the destruction of one part of It may lead to the unbalance and even destruction of the whole organized system. And that’s why as humans, it is our first duty to take care of nature generally and both fauna and flora specifically, not because of a moral code of some kind; but to protect Humanity from ourselves, and to preserve the human kind from destruction and extinction. And that’s the main goal of our project, that’s to help us organize our fishing exploitative activities with how much can the environment handle from it.

Imperative Programming程式碼與Functional Programming程式碼的等價性與其證明,使用Agda

本研究主要考慮在盡量保留可讀性的情況下,找出將 Imperative Programming 程式碼對應的 Functional Programming 的程式碼並證明。 結果如下: 一、if statement 等價於由 ifte 函數所構成的程式碼,其中函數ifte定義在本文內 二、某些 for-loop statement 等價於由 foldl 函數所構成的程式碼 三、某些 for-loop statement 等價於由 map 函數所構成的程式碼

Utilizing Computer Vision And Machine Learning Algorithms To Control Smart Systems Helping Physically Disabled People.

About 15% of the world's population lives with some form of disability, of whom 2-4% experience significant difficulties in functioning. The global disability prevalence is higher than previous WHO estimates, which date from the 1970s and suggested a figure of around 10%. This global estimate for disability is on the rise due to population ageing and the rapid spread of chronic diseases, as well as improvements in the methodologies used to measure disability. This research deals specifically with the physically disabled and often people with physical disabilities feel frustrated because they cannot do activities such as: playing sports and doing exercise. Having a physical disability also changes the way a person lives their life. They may find their life changes and activities they had previously included as part of their daily routine such as brushing their teeth, washing and doing household chores suddenly become a huge effort and many people require another person's help to carry out these activities. Also, they suffer from three basic challenges like; education, economic and, communication. Firstly, Education: The results of the investigation revealed that the physically handicapped. They face a lot of problems while studying they can't learn as the normal ones and they needs someone to help in learning. Secondly, Economic: they can't work and achieve income to help in his practical life. And finally Communication: they can't communicate with others because of his disability.

懸浮微粒三維偵測與預報系統

近年空氣品質已是居住環境與健康的指標,「細懸浮微粒」充斥在空氣中,造成過敏,增加肺癌的危險。本研究探討懸浮微粒在受到重力、空氣阻力與空氣浮力影響後,形成分層。並利用VPython軟體模擬不同大小的懸浮微粒(pm10、pm2.5與pm1.0)於空間中碰撞及受到空氣阻力產生能量衰減,藉此了解不同微粒之分層現象。再實作以居住樓層不同的垂直高度,設計組裝架設「懸浮微粒三維偵測器」及物聯網。以台灣中部地區,日益增加的空汙狀況下,模擬以台中火力發電廠為例,探討其風向、地理環境、以擴散模式理論模擬後,選定數棟建築物,監測每棟建築物地面上不同高度的空氣品質數值。最後監測數值自動上傳至物聯網雲端資料庫 ThingSpeak,並可於使用者端監測及取得測量數值;期許再利用機器學習及歷史累積的三維空氣品質資料,將來更優化預測空氣品質數值之成效。

Phytochemical screening and evaluation of antiangiogenic properties of sapinit (Rubus fraxinifolius) fruit crude extracts

Plants are potential low-cost alternatives for cancer treatment. Rubus fraxinifolius or “sapinit” has been found to possess phytochemicals with anti-cancer potential. This project aimed to evaluate the antiangiogenic properties of methanolic R. fraxinifolius fruit crude extracts through the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. Through phytochemical screening, leucoanthocyanins, phenols, and tannins were detected. For the CAM assay, 10, 20, and 30 μg/μL extracts, distilled water, methanol, and retinoic acid were applied on 60 ten-day-old chicken eggs. The CAM photographs were analyzed using ImageJ Software. The mean percent inhibitions (MPI) of total length and vascular density from both analyses were subjected to One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The ANOVA for the MPI of total length, followed by a Tukey post hoc test, show that only retinoic acid treatment has significantly higher MPI (p = 0.0010). Meanwhile, the results for the MPI of vascular density show no significant differences between all groups (p = 0.1630). It is possible that the concentrations used in the study may not be the concentrations needed to achieve optimal antiangiogenesis. The results may also be due to the absence of phytochemicals that exhibit significant antiangiogenic properties such as alkaloids. Lower concentrations and isolated phytochemicals may also be tested.

實驗室裡的飛行荷蘭人--複雜蜃景之探究 (Fata Morgana: the explanation of the 'Flying Dutchman')

複雜蜃景(Fata Morgana)專指擁有多重影像的特殊上蜃景,形成於高緯度海面上,也是「飛行荷蘭人」的主要成因。本研究主要藉由探討介質折射率梯度變化與觀察者高度位置等變因,釐清複雜蜃景形成與觀察的最佳條件。藉由控制高濃度糖水溶液擴散形成的密度梯度,我們在六十公分的水缸中重建出形成複雜蜃景的環境,主要是因為糖水溶液中的折射率梯度遠大於海面上空氣的逆溫梯度所造成之折射率變化。為了進一步解析光在複雜折射率介質中之行進模式,我們以綠雷射光入射糖溶液,在側向以相機紀錄光的行進軌跡,分析探討其折射現象。我們同時利用相機觀察放置於水缸另一側的模型船,藉以觀察實際蜃景的形成與演化。本研究中我們另發展一套光軌跡的模擬程式,以協助實驗的進行與驗證實驗的成果。藉由實驗與理論模擬相互映證,充分探討複雜蜃景的成像與形成的最佳條件。

Sustainable G-Polymer From Industrial Waste

This study focuses on the pre-treatment of paper sludge ash (PSA) as a by-product of paper milling industry that contains high amount of calcium, yet low in silica. The presence of high calcium content in geopolymer system will accelerate the setting time of fresh geopolymer and may disrupt the development of its mechanical strength. Therefore, in this study, the refinement of PSA properties was conducted by treating raw PSA in hydrochloric acid solution with different molarities of 0.5 M, 1.0 M and 2.0 M. The pre-treatment process was mainly purposed to decrease the amount of calcium and other impurities through leaching mechanism. Based on the experimental results, 2.0 M hydrochloric acid solution (HCl) was determined as the optimum concentration due to its ability in removing higher amount of calcium from the ash, yet still able to increase the amount of silica. Compression test on the hardened properties of geopolymer specimen also showed the deceleration of fresh fly ash based geopolymer and produced a more workable fresh geopolymer.

將廢矽泥製成奈米矽以及進一步應用於鋰離子電池負極材料之研究

矽元素因具有極高的理論電容和鋰攝取量(Li Uptake)而被認為是有潛力的鋰電池負極材料,然而該材料的特性使其在充放電時體積巨幅脹縮,造成結構碎裂,縮短了電池壽命。 本研究設計一套低耗能、低成本的製程,以現今台灣光伏產業大量難以回收之廢矽泥及鎂金屬為原料,將矽之粒徑縮小為奈米級以解決上述體積膨脹問題而成為極佳的鋰電池負極材料。 我們先將矽合成矽化鎂,再利用二氧化碳及氮氣的氧化還原反應製成多孔矽,隨後再利用創新的化學蝕刻法產出奈米矽。目前業界奈米矽的製備仍以高功率研磨為主,本研究首度使用銅離子、過氧化氫及氫氟酸作為蝕刻液,成功製造出平均粒徑100nm之負極材料。而過程中所使用的鎂粉可回收再使用,回收率高達94%,故幾乎無成本廢料排放,大幅降低當今鋰電池的生產成本,也落實防廢、再生、節能等綠色化學原則。

探討粒線體對果蠅卵巢生殖幹細胞維持的影響

幹細胞會進行不對稱分裂以維持組織恆定,一個子細胞分化為有特定功能的細胞,而另一個則維持其細胞潛能。粒線體能進行分裂和融合並維持動平衡。現今的研究已經了解,誘導型多能幹細胞(iPSC)的粒線體動平衡變化會促使其直接分化 (Seo BJ, et al., 2018)。然而,果蠅卵巢生殖幹細胞(GSC)內粒線體動平衡與幹細胞分化的關聯仍不清楚。本研究利用容易辨認的果蠅卵巢生殖幹細胞來探討這個問題,並使用Gal4-UAS系統與RNAi操縱粒線體動平衡,並發現粒線體融合蛋白被抑制會導致油滴堆積及幹細胞損失。另外,使用左旋肉鹼(L-carnatine)增進脂肪酸代謝,發現增進代謝會導致油滴減少及幹細胞回復。本研究著重於探討粒線體動平衡對GSC維持與脂肪酸代謝的影響,並對粒線體脂肪酸代謝與幹細胞分化的潛在關係提出觀點與佐證,盼未來能有更進一步的研究與醫療方面的應用。

以結膜影像判斷貧血之研究

全球貧血人口普遍,然許多人並不了解自身是否罹患貧血;長期患有貧血的病人,亦需定期抽血檢驗追蹤是否有貧血惡化達到需接受輸血的程度。研究顯示,結膜之顏色與貧血有絕對關係,結膜越白則貧血越嚴重,醫師也常使用結膜顏色推測是否有貧血情形。若能設計手機軟體自動分割結膜影像並分析其顏色,將有機會推測受試者是否罹患貧血。本研究收集22位無貧血者及8位貧血病人,並獲得其近期血紅素數值。以手機取得受試者之眼睛影像後,成功設計程式以深度學習完成結膜自動影像分割,對於分割影像以面積大小進行後期處理後,依其取得下眼瞼結膜之三原色平均,再利用kNN與SVM演算法判斷預測出該受試者是否具有貧血之症狀。本研究主要分為兩階段,其一為進行下眼瞼結膜分割模型訓練;其二為製作有無貧血之判斷模型。整合上述眼瞼分割模型(IoU=89.8%±0.02%)與貧血判斷模型(SVM以polynomial核函數測出 準確值93.3%±24.3%)後,可得貧血診斷準確率為80%。此結果代表AI技術有機會透過結膜影像,判斷被拍攝者是否有貧血情形,未來若能增加研究人數,將可設計網頁版或手機APP加以推測血紅素值,供大眾居家篩檢。