全國中小學科展

2021年

The Waves Fish Controller

Our oceans, coasts, and estuaries are home to diverse living things. These organisms take many forms, from the tiniest single-celled plankton to the largest animal on Earth, the blue whale. Understanding the life cycles, habits, habitats, and inter-relationships of marine life contributes to our understanding of the planet as a whole. Human influence and reliance on these species, as well as changing environmental conditions, will determine the future health of these marine inhabitants Humans influence the whole environment even if they don’t notice , the growth of men and our increasing reproduction over the years results to an over consumption of nutritious products , which makes us exploit the wildlife more and more and in the same time take parts of its habitats for us to life in and throwing our non-needed materials in what’s left of the world. And that’s a big problem because the Eco-System was just fine before we started over exploiting it in a greedy and unreasonable manner, and since the ecosystem’s parts are related altogether in an ongoing circle , the absence or the destruction of one part of It may lead to the unbalance and even destruction of the whole organized system. And that’s why as humans, it is our first duty to take care of nature generally and both fauna and flora specifically, not because of a moral code of some kind; but to protect Humanity from ourselves, and to preserve the human kind from destruction and extinction. And that’s the main goal of our project, that’s to help us organize our fishing exploitative activities with how much can the environment handle from it.

細胞核 CTEN 蛋白質對 Wnt 訊息傳導路徑之影響及細胞癌化之調控

正常細胞的 C-terminal tensin-like (CTEN) 蛋白質位於細胞質且含量低,但研究發現 CTEN 在大腸癌細胞中會大量表現並累積於細胞核內,進而提升癌細胞遷移與侵襲的能力;而 Wnt 訊息傳遞路徑在癌細胞中常有過度活化的現象。因此本研究主要探討 CTEN 於細胞核內的累積和 Wnt 訊息傳遞路徑的互動關係,進而調控細胞癌化的機制。分析 CTEN 分布有差異之細胞株的轉錄體發現,在較多 CTEN 累積於細胞核的大腸癌細胞株中,其 Wnt6、Wnt11 兩基因的表現量上升,研究指出 Wnt6、Wnt11 皆會影響大腸癌細胞的遷移與侵襲。另外,CTEN 會與 Wnt 訊息傳遞路徑中的 β-catenin 結合,因此本實驗利用啟動子帶有 Wnt 訊息下游轉錄因子結合位的質體,測定其下游 β-catenin/TCF/LEF 轉錄因子的轉錄活性。結果顯示 CTEN 累積於細胞核中會提高 β-catenin/TCF/LEF 之轉錄活性,進而增加 Wnt6、Wnt11 等下游基因的表現量,影響大腸癌細胞的遷移與侵襲。

Safety First:分析商場內部貨架擺設

在實體店鋪進行限時搶購活動 (Flash Sale),近年來已逐步在世界各地快速散播。在這樣的閃購活動期間,商場往往會宣傳銷售商品的巨幅折扣,吸引消費者。消費者在閃購的活動期間,爭先恐後的進入商場,過程中,除了可能造成消費者的傷害外,亦有可能造成商品本身的損傷。 本研究發想自第六屆數學建模挑戰賽之國際賽題。首先,本研究分析了商品損壞的各種方式。第二,本研究用虛擬的商品列表,與一個虛擬的商場平面配置圖作為規劃範例。第三,繪製並配對完貨架與商品後,運用賽題中的專家評分、剩餘數量等數據,寫出了每個商品的平均歡迎指數。第四,建立數學函式,計算路徑風險值,並藉由定量分析預測,成功地判斷哪一個以及哪一些商品的受歡迎程度會較高。最後,提出了優化於賽題給予的平面配置圖方式。

Phytochemical screening and evaluation of antiangiogenic properties of sapinit (Rubus fraxinifolius) fruit crude extracts

Plants are potential low-cost alternatives for cancer treatment. Rubus fraxinifolius or “sapinit” has been found to possess phytochemicals with anti-cancer potential. This project aimed to evaluate the antiangiogenic properties of methanolic R. fraxinifolius fruit crude extracts through the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. Through phytochemical screening, leucoanthocyanins, phenols, and tannins were detected. For the CAM assay, 10, 20, and 30 μg/μL extracts, distilled water, methanol, and retinoic acid were applied on 60 ten-day-old chicken eggs. The CAM photographs were analyzed using ImageJ Software. The mean percent inhibitions (MPI) of total length and vascular density from both analyses were subjected to One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The ANOVA for the MPI of total length, followed by a Tukey post hoc test, show that only retinoic acid treatment has significantly higher MPI (p = 0.0010). Meanwhile, the results for the MPI of vascular density show no significant differences between all groups (p = 0.1630). It is possible that the concentrations used in the study may not be the concentrations needed to achieve optimal antiangiogenesis. The results may also be due to the absence of phytochemicals that exhibit significant antiangiogenic properties such as alkaloids. Lower concentrations and isolated phytochemicals may also be tested.

LENS WITH VARIABLE OPTICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Research work on creating a lens, the optical power can be changed depending on human needs. Most people have visual impairments that need to be corrected with surgery or optical devices (glasses and contact lenses). The optical characteristics of the human eye vary depending on age, health, intensity of visual load. We propose to give people the opportunity to smoothly adjust the optical power of the spectacle lens by changing the transparent tubes between the two windows of transparent films. Experimental studies have shown the possibility of adjusting the optical power of the proposed line in a wide range. Existing devices and materials for changing the optical power of the line are analyzed. The design of a lens with variable optical characteristics is proposed, which is created from two window films, the space between which is filled with liquid. Publicly available materials for the outer shell of the lens and liquid for its filling. The effect of the amount of liquid to be filled on the optical power of the lens was experimentally determined. The formula for experimental finding of focal length of a lens is entered. Novelty is impossible because you can use the lens in another field. For example, in the future it is planned to perform an experiment with a lens system to create, for example, a telescope.

實驗室裡的飛行荷蘭人--複雜蜃景之探究 (Fata Morgana: the explanation of the 'Flying Dutchman')

複雜蜃景(Fata Morgana)專指擁有多重影像的特殊上蜃景,形成於高緯度海面上,也是「飛行荷蘭人」的主要成因。本研究主要藉由探討介質折射率梯度變化與觀察者高度位置等變因,釐清複雜蜃景形成與觀察的最佳條件。藉由控制高濃度糖水溶液擴散形成的密度梯度,我們在六十公分的水缸中重建出形成複雜蜃景的環境,主要是因為糖水溶液中的折射率梯度遠大於海面上空氣的逆溫梯度所造成之折射率變化。為了進一步解析光在複雜折射率介質中之行進模式,我們以綠雷射光入射糖溶液,在側向以相機紀錄光的行進軌跡,分析探討其折射現象。我們同時利用相機觀察放置於水缸另一側的模型船,藉以觀察實際蜃景的形成與演化。本研究中我們另發展一套光軌跡的模擬程式,以協助實驗的進行與驗證實驗的成果。藉由實驗與理論模擬相互映證,充分探討複雜蜃景的成像與形成的最佳條件。

Autonomous Vehicle

This is the self-driving and navigating vehicle which follows a track. This robot is made by our group. We made this robot together assembling the parts. This robot is commonly used in industries to shift goods and product. In this robot we have arranged all the things also metal detector which buzz when a metal is detected under it. This robot helps a lot in industrial life and is also easy to make if we learn the steps. This robot also needs programming to make it work. The programming software used for it is known as Arduino IDE. This is the figure of this robot in industries. Here the people are keeping goods in the pickup and shifting them. This robot can also run in white track, only if we do the programming right for the white track. Nowadays in cars too this type of system is used like example: Tesla model X. In the car this system is used and to avoid the obstacles something named Lidar is used. To make this vehicle follow its track and the motor to run different things are used like IR Sensor, and L298N motor driver module respectively.

Mentor Hunt App

The Information Technology (IT) area has shown great growth in recent years, even with the economic recession that 巴西 has been through and the impact of the coronavirus pandemic. It is estimated that by 2024 the area will have a deficit of more than 290 thousand professionals. However, companies still face other difficulties in hiring, especially people who are looking for their first job in the Information Technology area. Most part of these difficulties are lack of qualified manpower and high prerequisites to fill internship or junior positions. As a result, the objective of this project is: to develop a platform that connects people who seek guidance, improvement or professional relocation in the Information Technology area with professionals that already have the experience they are seeking. The first step was a research and analysis of similar platforms in the market, whose proposal involves mentoring or professional connections, and it concluded that there are no services that fully meet the project’s proposal. In the second step, a research was done about mobile development, highlighting Flutter and Firebase platform. The third step defined the application’s features, such as suggestion of users and mentors, search for users, become a mentor, private chat, video calls, Portuguese and English languages, light and dark themes and profile customization. The suggestion of users and mentors is done by a match with the registered users, relating their areas of work (where the user has experience) and the areas of interest of each one. For the coding of the project, Flutter and Firebase technologies were used. To design the app, it followed Material Design specifications. For testing and distribution, the app was published on Play Store, Google’s Android application platform. The tests were performed by both the researcher and a selected group of users to verify if the functionalities were in accordance to what was defined in the beginning of the project. Perceiving the correct functioning of the application, the project achieved the proposed objective. In addition, it expanded its reach area, because it is possible to find users and mentors from any other area of the market.

中文重點文句摘取

在資訊爆炸的時代,效率閱讀、整理資料的能力越趨重要。身為高中生,學習時的閱讀量龐大,還須另外自己挑選重點句,重新整理筆記。因此我想如果可以讓電腦自動摘取文章的重點,就能幫助學生效率學習。 大多數現存的自動摘要研究適用於英文文本,本研究利用演算法抓取中文文章的摘要,使學生可以真正實用該演算法於日常學習當中。除此之外,此研究比較了不同方法摘要的準確率以及優缺點。

探討粒線體如何參與調控細胞內鈣離子訊息傳遞

鈣池調控鈣離子內流(store-operated calcium entry, SOCE)是非興奮性細胞中最主要的鈣離子通道。當內質網缺乏鈣離子時,位在內質網上的STIM1(Stromal interaction molecule 1)便會改變構型與在細胞膜上的ORAI1(Calcium relaease-activated calcium channel protein1)接合,激活SOCE的路徑。近來的研究顯示,粒線體會影響SOCE的活性。已知平均有5%-20%的粒線體藉由連繫蛋白與內質網相連。又已知內職網在缺乏鈣離子時會移動至細胞膜附近,故我們認為粒線體有很大的機率藉由連繫蛋白與內質網一同移動至細胞膜並透過吸收鈣離子的機制來調控SOCE的活性。 在使細胞表現特定螢光蛋白的前提下,我們透過活體細胞攝影來觀察特定對象(粒線體、粒線體內鈣離子)的動態變化。 從實驗結果中我們發現:當SOCE被激活後,粒線體會移動至SOCE發生處且較靠近STIM1。又絕大部分移動至SOCE發生處的粒線體同時也會吸收鈣離子。 過去的研究已證實,當粒線體與內質網之間缺乏鈣離子時,SOCE的活性會降低,且當粒線體內膜的主要鈣離子通道MCU(Mitochondria calcium uniporter)缺乏時,亦會導致相同的結果。又從我們的實驗可知當SOCE被激活時,粒線體會移動至SOCE發生處並吸收鈣離子。綜合上述,我們可以推論以下機制,當細胞內的SOCE被激活時,粒線體會藉由連繫蛋白與內質網一同移動至SOCE發生處,同時以吸收鈣離子的方式來調控SOCE的活性以及細胞內的鈣離子濃度。