全國中小學科展

2002年

太陽電池薄膜的製作一利用溶膠一凝膠及沈積法製作太陽電池二極體薄膜

能源之獲得為當今半導體科技要突破所必須克服的課題,尤其須顧及到環保之要求。所以太陽能之研究及使用已經越趨重要之地位。本實驗用天然的染色子(葉綠素 A 及亞甲藍)當作觸媒劑加在自行研製的太陽電池薄膜: Cul /光敏物質/TiO? P-N型結構。光敏物質/ CuI/ Cu plate P-型結構。 光敏物質TiO?/ SnO?/glaaa N-型結構。不同層次薄膜分別是以溶膠凝膠法及化學沉積法將 TIO?及CuI長在玻璃甚板、鋼基板及 TIO?薄膜上。本實驗的太陽電池薄膜生長速率極其穩定 ( Cul : 0 . 25um/hr , TIO? :2um/hr) ,薄膜照光電壓 0 .01~0 .1V ,照光電流 0 . 030~0 . 050 mA/cm2。

The Neem Dream: "Nature vs. Malaria""

The purpose of investigation was to find and test an inexpensive and effective remedy against malaria. After a great deal of research, I learnt that an effective herbal remedy against malaria may be extracted from Neem (Azadirachta indica)leaves. This remedy is not very well known about all around the world, however, the Neem tree is found in many parts around the world and is therefore a very accessible and inexpensive remedy against malaria. The purpose of my project was also to inform people about the harmful effects of malaria on the human body, as well as to advise people on how to protect themselves.

調和變換之研討與應用

在此研究中,我們用類似反演變換的方法,以一個定圓創立並證明了一種新的幾何變換,稱為 「調和變換」 · 我們得到點、直線、圓與圓錐曲線經過變換的關係 ·。1 .直線可以映射成原直線或一圓錐曲線 · 2.圓可以映射成一種特殊曲線。 3 .圓錐曲線可以映射成兩條圓錐曲線或一條圓錐曲線和一直線。此外我們還發現調和變換和反演變換的特殊關係 · 最後,由於調和變換可以簡化圓錐曲線的關係,我們將調和變換應用在行星輾些的證明上,並得到了良好的結果。In this research, we use a method similar to the inversion to establish a new geometric transformation, called harmonic transformation, by a fixed circle O, we prove some of its properties. We have gotten the relationship among points. lines, circs, conies and their images: 1 .The image of a line is a conic or a line itself. 2.Thc image of a circle is a special category of curve. 3.The image of a conic with its focus at the center of O is two conies or a line and a conic. Further mote, we also find the special connection between harmonic transformation and inversion. Finally, since the harmonic transformation can simplify the conic, we apply the harmonic transformation to identify the orbit of a planet, and obtain a nice conclusion.

灰色預測在雨量長期趨勢分析之應用

灰色理論近來廣泛應用於各行各業的管理資訊科學上,本研究乃應用灰色理論的一階微分中輸入變數為一項之 GM ( 1 , 1 )模型,來預測台灣中部地區土石流主要因素雨量的月平均量值。本文運用三筆以上的歷史資料,作最近一年歷史性資料的預測,藉以驗證獲得其誤差(±△e)之校止參考依據值,比利用殘差檢驗所得的誤差校止數據,更能修止出精確的預測值,接著再做台灣中部雨量未來之預測,以作為未來雨水、土石流防治之參考 · 為了能迅速產生所要的灰色預測值,研究中並以 VB 程式語言及以Petri-net分析其動態處理行為,藉 GM ( 1 , 1 )模型的專屬處理支援程式,以做為未來雨輦自動化處理警示與預測之支援機制。Recently Grey Theory has been widely applied to management information science in all kinds of areas. This research applies the first Level differential of the Grey Theory to put a variable in GM( 1,1) model to forecast the monthly average value of the most common precipitation, in the midland Taiwan earth-stone flood zone. This paper uses more than three historical data to forecast the most recent year’s historical data, which can be used to verify and acquire referential correction data of its errors ( ±△e). The aforementioned method can correct forecast data more precisely than the differential inspection. In addition, this method can then forecast future precipitation in midland Taiwan earth-stone flood zone and the results can serve as reference for future precipitation control. To rapidly receive the needed Grey forecast values, the research analyzes its dynamic process method by utilizing VB program and Petri-net to build a dedicated process-support program of GM( I , 1) model. This program will serve as a support mechanism for future automatic precipitation warning and forecast.

斷層附近地下水透露的地震信息

Earthquakes are results of rapid sliding of two crystal blocks around fault inducing seismic motions. Huge disasters caused by large earthquakes as the Ji-Ji Earthquakes occurred on 21* September 1999 show importance of earthquakes forecast. In our country and foreign countries , there appeared not a small number of reports suggesting there are clear precursors of ground water and electro- magnetic changes amount other numerous phenomena. Recently there are reports that point out the possibilities to investigate slight motion of ground water near active faults using electro- magnetic instruments. In order to investigate the problem more in detail a simple laboratory experiment is designed to study the electric field induced by the simulated water flow. The electric field changes are compared with at without water flow. It is shown that there appeared electric potential changes of an order larger than measurement limits water motion during earthquakes occurrence process, and that monitoring the flow of ground water near active faults is useful method in the earthquake prediction.近年來科學家從事地震研究,發現地震前斷層附近地下水流以及電磁場會發生變化。但或因位置不確定,或因變化量甚小而不易量測。本研究真對上述地震預警中兩項重要的關鍵 - 水及電,嘗試製作電極,並利用室內模擬地下水流動而野外斷層的電位量測,檢測斷層活動期間電場的變化。其結果顯示,當地下水因地殼受擠壓而流動時,可明顯觀察到電場的變化。這表示借由本實驗測量地震前發生的電位變化,可監測地震前版塊應力的改變,進而提供地震可能發生的資訊。

IF鋼在不同酸液中腐蝕行為之探討

IF鋼在鹽酸溶液中之腐蝕速度隨鹽酸濃度之增加而增加。12M之硝酸溶液對IF鋼具最強腐蝕性,而最低(0.1M)及最高(16M)濃度之硝酸溶液對IF鋼之腐蝕性則相對較弱。硫酸對IF鋼之腐蝕速度則由低濃度至高濃度呈現極大變化,當硫酸濃度由0.1M漸增至3M時腐蝕速度亦隨之增加,爾後腐蝕速率減小,至硫酸濃度由8M時反而呈現極大之重量增加。由於表面腐蝕層不適於XRD分析,故由EDS結合FTIR分析得知H?SO?/8M-24hrs.情況下試片表面之腐蝕層為Fe?O?。由SEM觀察發現腐蝕速率較大之條件,如HCI/12M-1min.及HNO?/12M-1min.處理過後,試片表面甚至出現具晶體對稱性之蝕恐。由本研究之初步成果發現:是溫下可以利用中等濃度(如8M)之硫酸液來處理鋼鐵,使之表面生成一緻密之氧化鐵(Fe?O?),達到防蝕之效果。IF (interstitials free) steel was processed in various aqueous acid solutions to observe the corrosion behavior. The corrosion rate of IF steel in HCI(aq) increases with the concentration of HCI(aq). HNO?(aq) with concentration of 12M was observed to be the most aggressive for IF steel. The corrosion rate of IF steel in H?SO? solution increases from 0.1M to 3M and then decreases gradually with the concentration. A large amount of weight gain even observed when the concentration was 8M. The protective layer produced during H?SO?/8M-24hurs. treatment was analyzed to be Fe?O? by using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope), EDS (Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy) and FTIR (Fourier Transform infrared). Etch pits with crystallographic symmetry were observed on the specimens treated with conditions HCI/12M-imin. and HNO?/12M-1min. Processing condition H?SO?/8M-24hrs. could be employed in corrosion prevention for IF steel under ambient environment.

顛倒一族

一 Motivation and Purpose: In this study, we want to completely know about “The number abc…de, which times m/n, 1≦n≦m≦9?N can get ed… cba?”, and also expect to find out “The good rule within them”. 二 Procedure:Using method of enumeration, induction to collect sample of all and beginning from two digits to get information “good rule”. When get some useful idea, put them into the following research for the step easy go on, the method try and error is a very tiresome works, especially when we deal higher digits. till enough information is obtained, we solve problem and find new one, then likewise again research steps, just the basic science research ways, we are glad have the key of these problem. 三 Result and conclusion :Those number we named “converse No.” There are two groups: S=m+n=10 and 11 S=11, then Q=m/n=9/2,8/3,7/4,6/5=4.5,2.6,1.75,1.2 S=10, then Q=m/n=9/1,8/2,7/3,6/4=9,4,2.3,1.5 Each group have four type. When S=11,Q=7/4=1.75,if converse No.each digit is a multiple of 3, then can cancellation or extension of fraction to get another 3 or 4. Growth up rule: Converse No. = type factor x heritable factor x growth factor=rx hx g S=11,r=2~5,h=9, s=10, r=1~4, h=99 一 研究目的:盼能找出”顛倒一族”的族譜。二 研究過程:確定研究題目為ab…cde×m/n=edc...ba,0≦n≦m≦9?N 求ab… cde?以窮舉法收集觀察資料,歸納演繹尋求規律。1.先觀察兩位數,分析共有顛倒對36對。2.建立乘數Q=m/n一覽表,共有27個3.設計顛倒對大/小及其商一覽表,以利觀察、歸納獲得規律。4.接著觀察三位數,共有360對,綜合二、三位數規律,找出選擇式窮舉法:9之倍數法。5.再接著找出四位數,再綜合而知另有 全調法 重現法 半調法 GCD遺傳基因法等來繁衍高位數顛倒數。6.於是依諸法找得六位數資料,得知GCD遺傳基因法為繁衍通則,完成族譜建立模式。7.研究顛倒數位數與其個數間關係式,完成研究。研究結論:1.顛倒一族有兩大類:S=10與S=11 S=m+n。2.每一大類有四型: S=10中,Q =9/1,8/2,7/3,6/4(9,4,2.3,1.5)S=11中,Q =9/2,8/3,7/4,6/5(4.5,2.6,1.75,1.2)3.每一型均有一個顛倒數,除了S=11中,Q=7/4=1.75者可約、擴分而得3or4個。4.顛倒數原則上均為9之倍數,除了Q=7/4經約、擴分可能得非9倍數者。

材料新國界-介電陶瓷之電容器

本研究以高頻阻抗分析儀,針對自製的電容器,以不同比率的三氧化二鐵加二氧化矽混合後所製成的電容器,對頻率、電容直及正切損耗能量直從事研究。實驗結果發現,在低頻率直到60Hz以內,其 Cp及D值變化非常大,明顯的下降,60Hz到1000Hz Cp及D值變化很小。由參考資料中電容器中的損失因數是介電材料是否適合於絕緣材料用途之最基本的準則,一般均希望具有低介電率。即使在最小的空間內也希望有高電容值,如電視、收音機中在介電材料的高頻應用。是故我們所製作的電容器以二氧化矽添加三氧化二鐵後高頻值其Cp值、D值較小,是適合於高頻需求的應用上。We report on the study of high frequency dielectric spetra. On the capacitance, it is made by mnyself. At various mixed ratio value of Fe?O? pius Sio?. In order to understand the frequency capacitance value Cp and tangent loss energy analysis D. The results of our work provide a large of low frequency in o Hz TO 60 Hz in Cp and D. It is obviously descend a small various frequence is 60 Hz to 1000Hz. From reference, we know capacitance energy loss factor is a purpose of suitable an insulator rule. In dielectric constant. We hope a low dielectric value and high capacitance. Even it is a small distance. For example TV. Radio. Etc. it is used to high frequency. So we made a capacitance in difference of Fe?o? pius Sio?. To provide the Cp and D. the value is small. So it can be used in high frequence demand.

向沒電的日子說再見-談功率因數

日光燈是我們最常用的照明設備。傳統的日光燈是屬於電感性的負載,接上電源後其電壓與電流的波形會產生異相位的問題,造成無效功率。本研究是以簡單而且經濟的方法在日光燈的兩端並聯電容器以改善其電流落後電壓的情形,減少無效功率,降低電力的消耗。研究中測量日光燈的等效阻抗,並加以相應的補償電容,從電路實驗中觀察,得到功率修正的結果。Fluorescent lamps shine our lives everywhere. However, traditional fluorescent lamps are inductive loads and produce a phase angle between voltage and current when connected to an alternating power supply, which leads to considerable electricity losses. This project uses parallel capacitors with the fluorescent lamp to compensate the phase difference between current and voltage, and thus reduces power consumption. In the study the impedance of a CFL (Compact Fluorescent Lamp) bulb has been measured and compensated with corresponding capacitance. Finally, the power consumption reduction is verified with experimental results.

電話網路全方位監控系統

In this paper, we use telephone network to remote-control household appliances and monitor security system through the implementation of software and hardware. The purpose of developing this system is to build up a system that makes everyone take advantage of the telephones through pay phone network everywhere as and when he needs to set up the household appliances, meanwhile two-ways system of monitoring household security. In addition, due to the advances of communication technology and the remarkable boom of those products, the popularity of cell phones for local people is developing tremendously. We can link the portable cell phones up to the household appliances and monitoring household security through the offer network of communication companies. This system adopts public telephone network via multiple frequency to receive KT31 70 IC which is connected to EM78P45 i p Chip. And then the Chip is connected to the driving external circuit in order to control electric appliances, sensors on doors and windows. The utilization of LEPROM (93C66) memory to set up telephone and mobile phones number equips the telephone network with two-ways system of remote-controlling electric appliances and monitoring household security. In the part of controlling electric appliances, a monitor is used to display the status of electric appliances, to control the appliance switches and to set up the timer. In the part of monitoring household security, we use the system to receive the instant images of the house and to report on the closing or opening of doors and windows. The system will be informed on any occurrence of abnormalities. The memory of the system can record and update new data at any time and is able to set up twenty sets of telephone and mobile phone numbers. Besides, the system adopts identification codes to avoid malfunctioning and thus upgrade system reliability.本文旨在應用電話網路作遠端遙控家用電器及防盜保全歟控系統軟硬體之規劃與設計 。本系統研製的目的,是希望建立一套系統,讓每個人不管身置何處,都能利用電話透過公眾電話網路,輕易地控制家中的電器設備及進行環境設定,以達到控制家電及防盜保全之雙向監控系統。此外,由於通訊的進步與通訊產品的熱賣,使國月雍有手機的普遍性相當高,若能透過隨身攜帶的手機,經由通訊業者所提供的網路通訊管道,連結到家庭自動化與防盜保全系統亦可達到進行遠端遙控的目的,彌補出門在外無法使用室內電話的空檔。本系統利用公眾電話網路經複頻接收 IC ( KT3 170 )連接至單晶片( EM78P45 IP ) ,透過單晶片驅動外部電路與家中電器及門窗的監視感測器連接,再利用 EEPROM ( 93C66 )記憶體設定電話及手機號碼,藉由電話網路傳輸,以達到控制家電及防盜保全之雙向監控系統。在家電控制部份,採用顯示器可隨時瞭解家電使用狀況及控制其開啟或關閉,且可設定使用時問。在防盜保全部份,可隨時監控家中門窗,若有異狀可即時通告。記憶體可隨時記錄或更新資料,並可設定二十組電話及手機號碼。此外,本系統採用確認碼設定,可防止產生誤動作,系統可靠性高。