2002年

我們常可以在自然界中發現漩渦的存在，但其存在的形體與性質也不盡相同，為了研究漩渦的結構與形體，筆者分析出多種會對漩渦產生影響的因素：開始放流的水而高度、放流洞口大小、有無破壞漩渦結構的阻礙、單孔落流漩渦與雙孔落流漩渦、還有流體的黏滯度對漩渦的影響， 但漩渦是一個不斷改變的流體，非常難以觀察，且自然界的漩渦也不是說出現就出現，所以必須設計一個簡易實驗器材來觀察，並用數位攝影機紀錄下來，再慢慢分析，而我們也可以在這個實驗中了解漩渦的結構，和體會到漩渦所表現出自然界的力與美的一面。‧We can always find in nature of different swirl’s forms and properties. To study the swirls, we analyzed such factors, as the beginning water level, the size of the hole, the presence of obstruction that will destroy the structure of swirls, differences between single-hole-swirls and twin-hole-swirls, and the viscosity of fluid. Because swirls change all the time, it is very difficult to observe. We designed a device .The procedure was recorded with a digital video camera and analyzed it. The study helps us understand the structure of swirls and admire the beauty of swirls.

要檢測膠體粒子是否存在於溶質中，並不能以一般的光學顯微鏡觀察得出，若是用廷得耳效應觀察光線散出的量決定，則將運用到大量昂貴的精密儀器，與繁複深奧的化學理論，本實驗主旨即在運用自製的簡單儀器測量待測膠體流經強磁場因磁電效應產生電壓，藉著改變沈降劑種類或劑量使電壓產生波動的現象，藉此評估各種沉澱劑對膠體溶液沉降效果好壞與最適當的劑量，並將此結果應用在實際污水處理作業的先期測試上。Wanting to know colloid particles exist in solute by a normal optical microscope is impossible. If we use Tyndall effect, to observe the quantity of dispersive beams, to prove whether colloid particles exist in solute, then we will use amount of expensive and precise apparatuses and even complex and abstruse chemical theory. The gist of this experiment is using simple apparatuses that made by us to measure the volt generated by colloid flowing through the strong magnetic field(magnetic-electric effect).Then we try to change the sort or dose of precipitant to let the volt undulate, so that we can compare the impression on precipitating of each of the precipitant and the most applicable dose. Finally the result can be applied to forward trial of practical sewage disposal system.

在本次的實驗中，我們藉由拉午耳定律的公式及一條由作者從實驗中推論而得的公式，可以簡單的求出不同溶液的分壓。我們只需要一個自製式的簡易裝置，在裝置底下放置被測量的溶液，並密封使其成為封閉系統，其頂端為一銅箔，在銅箔上使用適合的溶液，藉由上方溶液蒸發量與下方不要放置溶液蒸發量的差異之值比較，即可求出其下方兩種成份系的溶液中各種溶液在不同莫耳分率下的分壓以及能量的傳遞，雖然會有誤差的存在，但比照一般利用光譜法來測量的方式，成本卻降低很多，且經由公式，也可估計各點的活性係數，比之以往簡易很多，因此可當作針對的高中生示範教學及教具，使同學更能了解兩成分係非理想溶液在拉午耳定律中之差別。This study shows that is easy to figure out the partial pressure of the different solutions by applying the formula of the Raoult's laws and a formula computed by the authors from their experiment data. All that is needed is a simple hand-made device. In the experiment, the device was sealed into a closed system after the solution to be measure was placed at the bottom of the device. A proper liquid was put in the top piece of the device, which was made of copper foil. By computing the difference between the amounts of evaporation of the top liquid with and without the bottom solution, we figured out that the two-component solution is the partial pressure and energy transmission of the solutions at varied mole fractions. Though errors do exist, cost was much lower by this method than by the spectrum method. Besides, the formula makes it easier to estimate the activity coefficients at different points. Therefore, the study can be applied in physics teaching in senior high school to facilitate students' understanding of the differences between two-component solutions in the Raoult's laws.