Within the scope of sustainable cities and responsible consumption, which are among the goals of sustainable development, it is aimed to contribute to life safety, defense industry, protection from disasters and economy with the new generation environmental building technologies and materials to be developed in the field of construction. It is a critical issue to protect reinforced concrete structures, piers, bridge piers, overpasses against impacts, and to reduce the damages and economic losses in disaster situations. Reinforced concrete scaffolding is the load-bearing component of the structure and its impact resistance is crucial to the overall safety of the concrete structure. Therefore, there is a need to develop technologies that can protect structures against explosion and impact loads. Within the scope of the project, environmentally friendly and low-cost concrete materials with industrial waste glass, aluminum, plastic material additives, which can be used in columns, which are the most important part in the strength of reinforced concrete structures to prevent explosion and impact damage, were produced and their strengths were analyzed. The use and design of these materials in the strength of concrete creates the originality of the project. When the results obtained in the project were examined, it was observed that the steel fiber concretes with the addition of waste glass, aluminum ring, disc, beverage can and plastic bottle were resistant to high pressure when compared with the control groups without additives, and the change in surface height after the impact test, visual analysis and load-time graphics showed this. It is seen that the additives have a cushioning effect against the impact, absorbing the energy against the force by 87.6% and increasing the strength significantly. In this project, where it is aimed to increase the strength of concrete structures by using the impact energy absorption feature of waste glass, plastic and aluminum, products with high added value are developed, contributing to the literature and the construction sector. With the large-scale use of the project, the costs spent on the disposal of waste materials will be reduced, the upcycling based on re-using the waste products will be contributed, and the loss of life and property due to impacts and explosions will be prevented.

本研究主要目的為改變風力渦輪機的結構，將原始的單層葉片設計改為雙層葉片，當風流過第一層葉片時將產生尾流效應，使葉片後氣流產生偏轉，若將第二層葉片更具此氣流偏轉區域調整，將能有效的提升發電效率。根據實驗結果顯示，葉片後的尾流造成氣流偏轉的角度約為 15 度，因此當渦輪機的兩層葉片位於理論最高的相位夾角時，應再減去 15 度的尾流偏轉角，該夾角才為最大的發電效率配置，基於此結果所設計的渦輪機，儘管與單層葉片渦輪機具有相同的葉片數量，卻能提升發電效率約 40%，同時相關文獻指出，葉片的成本約佔整體發電機總成本之 14%，因此透過使用本研究之作法，預估可降低約 18%的成本，整體而言，本研究之設計不僅能提高風能發電效率，同時將有效的減少成本，未來具高度前瞻性。

The Boycott Effect is a phenomenon where sedimentation rate can be increased by tilting the container which holds the suspension, making it a way to increase the efficiency of the process without additional energy input. This makes the Boycott Effect valuable in speeding up and optimising a multitude of industrial applications such as wastewater management and food processing, all of which employ sedimentation to separate particulate matter from the fluids in which they are suspended in. Thus, it is imperative to model the Boycott Effect accurately for a wide range of cases, including arbitrary shaped containers and suspensions of various concentrations without the need to run costly, computationally expensive numerical simulations. In this project I investigated the inclined sedimentation of suspensions both theoretically and experimentally. Experimentally, two image tracking programs were created and tested out on my own experimental videos. I demonstrated the use of a novel method for making use of the Beer-Lambert Law to optically keep track of local concentration of suspensions. This method allows more information to be gathered about the sedimentation process in a very low-cost, non-equipment intensive or invasive way. Theoretically, I expanded upon the well-known analytical 2D PNK theory by accounting for concentration-hindering and sediment build-up effects, as well as the geometrical theory for 3D cylindrical geometries. All parts of the theoretical model were verified with experimental data and shown to have good agreement. (233 words)

In clinical practice, EEG is used to diagnose a number of neurological diseases and to diagnose epilepsy. But at present, the question of the nature of EEG has not been completely resolved and is of great scientific interest. There have been no studies at all on the non-invasive study of the electrical activity of the brain of the shark superorder, which belongs to the class of cartilaginous fish. By studying the electrical activity of the brain of various gnathostomes, it is possible to obtain an answer to the question of the emergence of rhythms from the point of view of phylogenesis and evolution, and by comparing their EEG with the human EEG, one can identify similar patterns that help in the study of reactions to various influences. During the work, for the first time, EEG indicators of spotted cat sharks, ECG, heart rate and respiratory rate of cat sharks and toads were obtained. In the future, it is planned to assemble a smaller neuroheadset for non-invasive studies of the electrical activity of the brain of small animals (sharks, toads, monitor lizards). This data can be used for evolutionary and medical research. *No animals were harmed during or after the experiments.

細胞核是真核細胞內最大且至關重要的細胞結構之一。其具體位置在各種細胞中可能有所不同。為了深入了解細胞核位置對於細胞功能的影響，我們選擇以果蠅幼蟲眼疊為研究對象，探究細胞核在神經系統發育過程中所扮演的角色。神經系統在生物體中扮演著極為關鍵的角色，包括神經元和神經膠細胞。如果失去神經膠細胞，將導致神經退化或死亡。在我們的研究中發現，神經膠細胞核在其發育過程中會發生大規模的內部移動。為了限制神經膠細胞核的移動，我們利用了果蠅作為研究動物，並應用了果蠅常用的 GAL4-UAS系統和GrabFP技術，這使得我們能夠限制神經膠細胞內細胞核的移動。我們的實驗成功證明，限制神經膠細胞核的移動會影響神經細胞的軸突發育，但不會影響神經細胞 R1-R8 聚叢的發育。未來，我們計劃將 GrabFP 技術應用於研究不同胞器在細胞內相對位置對其功能的影響。

Upcycling abandoned beehives to make new products can reuse the useful materials in old beehives and produce less trash. As known that bees leave their beehive in these following situations like insufficient replenishment, frequent unboxing and environmental issues. Then the beehive will be abandoned and will have no use left. In this project, a piece of honeycomb was collected from abandoned beehive and melted in order to extract beeswax. The potential of the extracted beeswax for replacing plastic to produce fillers of 3D pens was studied. Natural materials like seashell, rosin, soy bean and coffee ground were tested as ingredients of 3D printing materials. Finally, the potential of using extracted beeswax in 3D printing was confirmed. Beeswax has a low melting point at around 64°C and solidify quickly at room temperature. The high plasticity of this natural wax fulfills the criteria of 3D printing materials. Biodegradable wastes, like coffee grounds and soy bean grounds were tested as additives for reducing the beeswax content. Sea shell grounds were eliminated from the tested list as its filaments broke into small pieces of brittle fragments during the production process. 5% and 10% of these additives were the optimal formula for making long filaments. Yet, the thin filaments made by pure beeswax were not strong enough, filaments of selected beeswax-soy bean grounds were further strengthened by mixing with 5% or 10% rosin. Among the four different ratios of Beeswax: Soy bean grounds: Rosin (9:1:0.5 / 9:1:1 / 9.5:0.5:0.5 / 9.5:0.5:1), filaments in the ratio 9.5:0.5:0.5 demonstrated better flexibility, higher tensile strength and compressive strength, thus B9.5:S0.5:R0.5 was the final formula of biodegradable beeswax 3D filament.

A custom Local Positioning System designed for applications in supply chain logistics, inventory tracking, collision avoidance, and precision systems. Responsive UI allows for real-time management and dynamic parameter adjustments.

In the first part of this project, distilled water and 95% ethanol were used to extract ultra-violet(UV)-absorbing and anti-oxidizing compounds from different types of algae including kelp, wakame, sea grape and nori. Activated charcoal was used in attempt to purify the extracts and removed excessive pigments. It was found that the charcoal was more effective in adsorbing pigments from ethanol extract in which up to 80 to 100% pigments could be removed. The UV-absorbing and anti-oxidizing properties of the algae extracts were also studied. All algae extracts showed significant UV-absorbing and anti-oxidizing properties. In particular, extract formed by using 3 g kelp powder in distilled water could significantly reduce 50% UV intensity and react 96.5% DPPH solution which acts as a source of free radicals. In the second part of the project, three applications of algae were explored in details. Firstly, it was found that kelp, wakame and nori extracts by using over 2 g of algae in 30 mL olive oil could absorb UVA and UVB by over 90%, which is comparable to the performance of zinc oxide, a common ingredient in commercial sunscreen products. Costs of preparing the sunscreens were also compared. Except for wakame extract, all other extracts were cheaper than using zinc oxide. Moreover, the kelp extract was found to maintain its UV- absorbing and anti-oxidizing abilities after at least 30 days of storage under room conditions. Lastly, sodium alginate was successfully extracted from kelp with a product yield up to 30%. The alginate solution was then used to form a calcium-alginate protective coating on plastic slides to reduce UV intensity by up to 50%. This aims to apply on nails or fingers during UV nail gel polish to protect against UVR.

本研究主要目的是想要用數學方法解釋與證明史坦納樹。我們想要知道史坦納樹會滿足怎樣的條件，又或者怎樣的條件不會有最短路徑長。因此從最基本的費馬點出發，到正多邊形、任意多邊形，甚至是正多面體，我們討論各種分布的頂點。在文獻探討與程式模擬中，發現史坦納點的邊數等於三且夾角度數等於一百二十度並非巧合。藉由此性質不斷擴展，可證明出在一般情況下史坦納點的個數會等於頂點的個數減二。有了理論的支持，我們嘗試改進五個柏拉圖多面體的史坦納樹，在正八、十二、二十面體都成功優化成更好的結果。另外，我們也證明出正四面體史坦納樹的結果。有了史坦納樹的幫助，我們可以在不影響城市間連通性的情況下，最大化地縮短道路地總長度，因此可將所需成本最小化。史坦納樹的結果可以代表連通圖的最短路徑長，在工程、建築上都將會是重大的突破。

In recent years, there has been an extreme rise in population and economic development, which requires a great demand for energy worldwide. Global energy consumption has been increasing nearly every year for over half a century [1]; it is rapidly rising in the form of nonrenewable energy, such as coal, oil, natural gas, and fossil fuel. Fossil fuel overreliance has resulted in a dramatic rise in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations.