全國中小學科展

2024年

Evaluation of the Effect of Different Nutrients' Concentration and Composition on Hydroponically Grown Plant

As the world population grows, the demand of food products grows as well and there will be an expected food crisis in the coming years. To prevent those crises, alternative food farming methods must be used. This paper studied two farming systems in different conditions, to compare and find the best, natural and cost-effective system that will cover the current and future demand. The system which can also be used in those areas where soil is less cultivated with insufficient aeration. The first system is the soil-based system (traditional), and the other is hydroponic system. Hydroponic is a technique of growing plants in nutrient solutions with or without the use of an inert medium. Two types of seeds; peas and spinach were observed in both systems over a period of 25 days. In hydroponic plants coco peat was used in place of soil along with the Aegis nutrient. 8 plants were seeded for both types of plants in different systems, conditions, concentrations and pH to conclude the best condition. Growth parameters of all plants including root, shoot and leaf length were observed and recorded daily. On the uprooting, their weight (g), no. of root hairs and used nutrient’s volume(ml) were also recorded. Fungus and insects were seen in the soil plants. The results executed that the growth was maximum in spinach having normal manufacturer nutrient’s spray concentration(1.25ml/625ml) with pH 6 and in peas having normal supplier concentration (5ml/625ml) with pH 4. So, it can be concluded that hydroponic spinach, which is a green leafy plant, can ideally grow at the pH of 6 and peas in slightly acidic condition. Hydroponic planting system has a better growth effect than traditional soil system and this system don’t need any fertilizer, insecticide, pesticide, fungicide and herbicide. While soil plants’ growth was adversely affected by fungus and insects in the absence of these chemicals which can contaminate our food and make it less hygienic for our health. This result achieves the aim of this paper which is finding a planting system and its conditions that can increase the productivity to cover the food demand.

探討內源性大麻素對果蠅細胞自噬與生理功能的影響及角色

內源性大麻素系統對人類體內平衡具重要影響,但尚未有以果蠅作為模式生物,探討內源性大麻素 2-AG對果蠅細胞自噬與生理功能的關聯性研究。本研究中我們透過降解或過度表達 2-AG的合成酶與分解酶,調控果蠅細胞內 2-AG的含量,發現 2-AG含量多寡對果蠅抗飢餓與抗壓力能力具正相關之影響。再進一步探討細胞自噬的表現與 2-AG含量的關聯性,發現降解 2-AG之分解酶,會使細胞自噬量顯著增加。我們將本研究推廣至以果蠅複眼為觀察標的,初步研究內源性大麻素含量對神經退化性疾病的影響,未來可應用於疾病治療並探討此機制與細胞自噬的關聯性。

分割子三角形的內切圓與旁切圓之新性質

關於三角形的分割子三角形之內切圓問題,我們設定了幾個新的研究項目並且得出豐富的成果。第一,子三角形的切圓的切點重合性質;第二,子三角形的切圓「半徑長度乘積不變量」;第三,兩點圓心連線性質以及三點圓心連線三角形的面積不變量。首先,我們給出一般化的切圓之切點重合分割存在唯一性。在此條件下,其切圓的圓心均落在一個拋物線,這是很有趣結果。我們再依序探討兩個、三個到多個子三角形,先給出內切圓與旁切圓半徑長度乘積與邊長的關係式,並且發現了不變量。最後探討三點圓心連線三角形面積不變量。值得一提的是,看似不相關的「圓心連線三角形的面積比值」與「半徑長度乘積比值」居然是等價,這是本研究亮點。最後我們完整給出分割為三個子三角形的所有面積不變量的所有組合。

所有可拼出的正三角形之達成性

給定三種大小不同的正三角形,邊長由大至小分別為正整數a、b、c,在每種三角形皆需使用的情況下,去拼出邊長為正整數的正三角形。眾所周知,「找到所有可以被拼出的正三角形邊長。」這個問題是困難的,原因是正整數有無窮多個,且可行的拼法非常多種。故本文欲探討的問題為:「尋找a、b、c的條件,使得無法被拼出的正三角形之正整數邊長個數僅有有限個。」 我們估算無法被拼出的最大正整數邊長,並為所有大於此數的正整數邊長,分門別類地創建合適的拼法,解答了上述問題。

Whose feather is that? A cross-views between a naturalist and a molecular biologist

Identifyingthespeciesorsexofabirdbasedonafeatherfoundinnatureisoftenchallenging,evenwith the help of reference books. However, determining the presence of a rare species in a habitat using an indirectpresenceindicator,suchasafeather,canhelpinimplementingspecificmeasuresforpreserving the species. The aim of this study is to investigate whether DNAgenotyping is better than specialized books when identifying bird feathers. Toanswerthisquestion,Icollectedfeathersinthewildand,withthehelpoftwobooks,triedtoidentify theirspeciesandsex.Then,assistedbyDrGwenaëlJacob(UNIFR),Iisolatedtwogenesinnineselected feathers. The investigated genes were the CHD gene for sexing and the COI gene for species identification.Todothis,theDNAwasfirstextractedfromthefeathers,purified,andamplifiedbyPCR. Subsequently,anelectrophoresis wasperformedtosexthe samples andcheckthatthe PCRamplification hadworkedproperly.Finally,thesamplesweresequencedbytheMicrosynthlaboratory(St-Gall),and the obtained sequences were entered into the NCBI database. Acomparisonoftheresultsobtainedwitheachofthetwodifferentmethodsshowsthattheidentification with specialized books was fairly successful. 56% of the species identification made with the books were indeed confirmed by genotyping. DNAanalysis provided a different result only for feather #16. However,33%ofgeneticidentificationfailed,eitherduetogeneticmaterialqualityorlaboratoryerrors. Asitwaspossibletoidentifythesexofonlyonesample(feather#14)withthebooks,itwasnotpossible tomakeatruecomparisonofthetwoapproaches.However,asgeneticsexingworkedwell(onefailure, feather #28), it can be inferred that genetic sexing is more effective than using books. This work demonstrated that DNAis not infallible and that sometimes books are equally effective in identifyingbirdspeciesfromafeather.However,insexingbird,DNAremainsmoreefficient.Thus,one can conclude that DNAgenotyping is not superior but rather complementary to specialized books for identifying bird feathers.

RBM4調控BDNF表達對發育的重要性

RBM4 是種 RNA 結合蛋白,以其在各種組織中作為剪接調節因子進而豐富了蛋白質多樣性而受到關注。在我的研究中,藉由 RNA 定序找到了可能由 RBM4 主導的選擇性剪接, 包含 Rbfox2、Prpf40b 和 Add3 等,並發現這些剪接事件在不同時間點和組織中存在差異。因為在不同的組織中看到了選擇性剪接的變化,更透過觀察組織切片比較了野生型與 Rbm4 基因剔除的小鼠中其腦部、心臟、骨骼肌、棕色脂肪組織和胰臟的表現型,進而發現這些差異與基因的關聯。 此外,我的研究揭示了 Rbm4 雙基因剔除小鼠在骨骼肌和胰臟中 Bdnf 和一些指標基因的 mRNA 表現量明顯下降。而令人驚訝的是,腹腔注射 TrkB 活化因子 DHF 能夠顯著地完全恢復 Rbm4 雙基因剔除小鼠中的 Bdnf 表現量。這些發現共同突顯了 RBM4 在調控 Bdnf 中的關鍵作用,並展示了 DHF 作為潛在治療方法的有效性。

獵物狀態對蜈蚣捕食行為的影響

覓食對動物來說是至關重要的行為,而最佳覓食理論可解釋單獨覓食策略,其模型可計算獵物的獲益能力。前人研究蜈蚣捕食行為概分三部分:蜈蚣捕食行為順序、毒液作用效率、獵物密度對其捕食方式的影響。然而皆無討論蜈蚣依靠何種感官捕食、攻擊不同部位之優劣、獵物型質對蜈蚣捕食時間的影響,本研究以少棘蜈蚣、杜比亞和紅蟑為實驗物種,透過型質測量和捕食紀錄探討以上三點。結果顯示蜈蚣捕食獵物主要依靠觸覺且攻擊獵物腹面較優勢;紅蟑型質改變使蜈蚣搜索及處理時間有顯著不同,杜比亞差異卻不明顯;用最佳飲食模型算出杜比亞的獲益能力顯著高於紅蟑,故蜈蚣捕食杜比亞這類獵物能獲得更多好處。本研究可為蜈蚣的行為生態提供進一步的參考資料。

由楊氏矩陣變形之三角楊氏陣列的探討

楊氏矩陣是由有限多個相鄰的方格排列而成的表格,各橫列的左邊對齊,格子數由下而上遞增,而標準楊氏矩陣中每列與每行的元素皆嚴格遞增。我們將楊氏矩陣的「方格」變形為「三角形」,制定與原先楊氏矩陣相似的規則,並命名之為三角楊氏陣列。 本篇研究中,我們首先求得了將某些特定形狀的兩列三角楊氏陣列的遞迴關係式、生成函數、一般項,其與組合學上著名的卡特蘭數亦有相關。後來更是一般化至任意的兩列三角楊氏陣列,得到能夠求其方法數的通式。研究中使用的推算邏輯與方法,也許對未來再研究更一般(或云更多列)的三角楊氏陣列會有所幫助,另外,此研究與偏序集合(Partially Ordered Set)有關,可能可以應用於資訊領域的排序問題。

ConalepAsistant

Throughout our generations, a traditional system has been implemented for registering student attendance, in which the teacher is responsible for carrying out said activity, investing an average time of 15 to 20 minutes, which are part of the time of class. The objective of this project is to optimize this process, thus achieving effective class times, promoting the use of digital tools and innovation in teaching practice, in addition to generating security and confidence in tutors through the use of a service of message, which will notify the student's attendance in real time. Through a survey of the teaching staff of the CONALEP 338 Córdoba campus, it was detected that each teacher has academic loads equivalent to 3 to 5 modules per day, with an average of more than 40 students assigned to each module. Based on this information, the use of technological tools will be promoted and this process of teaching practice will be innovated with zero costs.

利用碳化含鐵金屬有機架構物進行廢水中金之選擇性回收

本研究旨在利用碳化含鐵金屬有機架構物回收廢棄印刷電路板廢水中的液相金,使用含鐵金屬有機架構物做為吸附劑基材,以不同溫度碳化提升材料對金回收性及金吸附選擇性, 並針對吸附劑材料進行物化特性分析。首先,利用六水合氯化鐵 (FeCl3‧6H2O) 與 2-氨基對苯二甲酸 (2-Aminoterephthalic Acid) 合成 NH2-MIL101(Fe), 並將其碳化後得到 C-NH2- MIL101(Fe) 材料。於金吸附測試中發現 C800-NH2-MIL101(Fe) 對液相金吸附效果優於NH2-MIL101(Fe) 與其他溫度之 C-NH2-MIL101(Fe)。此外, C800-NH2-MIL101(Fe) 在同時具有其他液相金屬的溶液中選擇性吸附能力明顯高於 NH2-MIL101(Fe)。材料之物化特性方面, 於 BET 分析發現 C800-NH2-MIL101(Fe) 的比表面積可達 180.9 (m²/g),說明碳化後可保留原材料特性;由 XPS 分析證實 C800-NH2-MIL101(Fe) 部分鍵結型態改變使其還原能力增強, 證實 C800-NH2-MIL101(Fe) 是具有實際應用潛力的良好吸附劑,可以進一步增量、優化製成並評估商業應用經濟效益。