全國中小學科展

2024年

苧麻線微流體應用於工業廢水全範圍濃度量測

以台灣常見的植物”苧麻”所製之纖維線作為線微流體應用,開發出低成本、操作便利、量測信度高的工廠汙染物濃度判斷用模組。以線微流體進行了 鉛離子、銅離子、硫氰根、磷酸根,亞甲藍及剛果紅的濃度量測。這些經常於 工業製程上或是紡織業所產生的汙染源,透過線微流體分析,檢測濃度最高可 由 2.0g/L 到最低 0.4g/L,且獲得判定係數(R2)達 0.98 以上完整的檢量線,該模組可以進行相當準確的汙染源濃度檢測。此外,本研究也探討苧麻線微流體 在不同的待測物上所呈現的各種數值回歸。除了有線性回歸之外,亦發現也有 對數回歸。透過黏度的實驗,來探討微流體濃度與層析長度之間的關聯性,可 快速建立待測物檢測檢量線是否存在的方法。

HandExo

Stroke is a very common disease, almost a national disease. In terms of stroke frequency, 匈牙利 ranks second in the world. Every year, 40-50 thousand people become paralyzed or permanently injured as a result of cerebrovascular disorders. This number is three to four times higher than in developed countries. Almost every Hungarian family is affected! Of course, saving the life of someone who has a stroke is the most important thing, but rehabilitation is also very important, since only with the help of a physiotherapist will the patient be able to live a full life.

FVeinLite: 輕量化CNN手指靜脈辨識模型與醫療領域之應用

台灣少子化、老齡化問題迫切,醫療資源入不敷出,使得遠距醫療成為潛在的解決方案與趨勢。然而,遠距醫療的身份驗證安全性尚未完善。指靜脈辨識有非接觸、體內生物特徵等特性,其在衛生性和高安全性的優勢在醫學相關領域與醫療院所備受關注。若能夠開發出遠距醫療可用的指靜脈辨識,將有機會為遠距醫療產業的安全性貢獻一份心力。本研究主要分為兩階段:其一旨在優化指靜脈辨識技術,利用輕量化 CNN 指靜脈辨識模型,結合 Mini-RoI 技術, 使用 FV-USM 以及 PLUSVein-FV3 兩個資料集訓練我們開發的 FVeinLite 指靜脈辨識模型,並使用不同的 epoch 值訓練出最好的模型。而我們訓練的模型相較於其他指靜脈技術具有高辨識正確率、參數量更少、運算速度快等優勢。其二,我們將模型結合自製的低成本嵌入式裝置, 並製作 API 與並使用模擬的病患資料完整打造一個可使用於遠距醫療及醫療院所的指靜脈身分辨識系統。

SAFE_MEDICATION - A STUDY OF USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TO RECOGNISE MEDICATION ERRORS

Medication errors in patients are a global problem. They can negatively affect patients and be costly for hospitals and medical clinics. In 2021, a 28-year-old man with heart problems was admitted to a hospital in Porto Alegre. Due to a pharmacy error and insufficient monitoring in the administration, he received a dose 10 times higher than prescribed. This caused serious and probably irreversible damage to the patient. Reading the news and following the case in the media has encouraged research in scientific databases, searching for information and data on medication errors, as well as emerging technologies to reduce the occurrence of adverse medication events. Based on the findings of an English study that proved that errors occur at the drug prescription stage, the first stage of this research focused on drug dosage errors. The aim of this study is to develop an application based on artificial intelligence that can recognise these errors and help prevent them. The application uses a neural network to analyse prescriptions and warn of possible cases of incorrect dosage. The computer program was developed using a neural network and the drug dosage error recognition system using Python and Keras. The system was trained with 10 drugs and correct and incorrect dosage cases. A graphical interface was created to input and display new case data. Neural networks with different configurations were tested to obtain high accuracy with the training and validation data. A confusion matrix was used to assess the accuracy of the network for cases not used for training. The accuracy was approximately 96%, but problems were found in certain intervals. The errors are due to the need for more training, higher processing capacity and a cloud server. The results of the first stage of the research indicate the feasibility of using a neural network to recognise medication dosage errors and thus preventing the associated risks. Such a method could prevent cases like the one in Porto Alegre. Future studies could incorporate more types of drugs, allergies, drug interactions, pre-existing illnesses and other relevant factors into the system.

Non-invasive study of the electrical activity of the brain of various chordate animals

In clinical practice, EEG is used to diagnose a number of neurological diseases and to diagnose epilepsy. But at present, the question of the nature of EEG has not been completely resolved and is of great scientific interest. There have been no studies at all on the non-invasive study of the electrical activity of the brain of the shark superorder, which belongs to the class of cartilaginous fish. By studying the electrical activity of the brain of various gnathostomes, it is possible to obtain an answer to the question of the emergence of rhythms from the point of view of phylogenesis and evolution, and by comparing their EEG with the human EEG, one can identify similar patterns that help in the study of reactions to various influences. During the work, for the first time, EEG indicators of spotted cat sharks, ECG, heart rate and respiratory rate of cat sharks and toads were obtained. In the future, it is planned to assemble a smaller neuroheadset for non-invasive studies of the electrical activity of the brain of small animals (sharks, toads, monitor lizards). This data can be used for evolutionary and medical research. *No animals were harmed during or after the experiments.

Upcycling of Abandoned Beehives!!

Upcycling abandoned beehives to make new products can reuse the useful materials in old beehives and produce less trash. As known that bees leave their beehive in these following situations like insufficient replenishment, frequent unboxing and environmental issues. Then the beehive will be abandoned and will have no use left. In this project, a piece of honeycomb was collected from abandoned beehive and melted in order to extract beeswax. The potential of the extracted beeswax for replacing plastic to produce fillers of 3D pens was studied. Natural materials like seashell, rosin, soy bean and coffee ground were tested as ingredients of 3D printing materials. Finally, the potential of using extracted beeswax in 3D printing was confirmed. Beeswax has a low melting point at around 64°C and solidify quickly at room temperature. The high plasticity of this natural wax fulfills the criteria of 3D printing materials. Biodegradable wastes, like coffee grounds and soy bean grounds were tested as additives for reducing the beeswax content. Sea shell grounds were eliminated from the tested list as its filaments broke into small pieces of brittle fragments during the production process. 5% and 10% of these additives were the optimal formula for making long filaments. Yet, the thin filaments made by pure beeswax were not strong enough, filaments of selected beeswax-soy bean grounds were further strengthened by mixing with 5% or 10% rosin. Among the four different ratios of Beeswax: Soy bean grounds: Rosin (9:1:0.5 / 9:1:1 / 9.5:0.5:0.5 / 9.5:0.5:1), filaments in the ratio 9.5:0.5:0.5 demonstrated better flexibility, higher tensile strength and compressive strength, thus B9.5:S0.5:R0.5 was the final formula of biodegradable beeswax 3D filament.

水蕨孢子的發芽及打破休眠機制

水蕨(Ceratopteris thalictroides)為台灣本土常見的水生蕨類,亦為觀察植物生活史的絕佳教材。然而發現秋季採集的水蕨孢子具有明顯的休眠現象,因此本研究旨在探討水蕨孢子的休眠現象與機制,以及成熟度、低溫儲存、吉貝素及光照等因素對於水蕨孢子發芽的影響。研究發現,孢子的休眠現象與成熟度具有顯著相關性,並且可以藉由低溫儲存有效打破休眠狀態。適當濃度的吉貝素則可以有效逆轉離層酸對於水蕨孢子發芽的抑制作用,並促進孢子發芽。針對光照處理,結果發現藍強光及紅光能顯著提升孢子發芽率,藍弱光則無,而遠紅光則具有拮抗紅光的效果,此驗證了光敏素對於水蕨孢子發芽的調節機制,此外也發現於不同光照處理間需存在一定時間的黑暗間期,使光敏素進行轉換。本研究對於水蕨孢子採集與培養之條件,可提供培養水蕨時的參考,未來期望能應用於其他蕨類植物的培養與復育。

三角形與四邊形內最短探測路徑研究

這份報告延伸上一份作品,要探討三角形中,假設以其中一頂點為起點, 欲利用一半徑為 r 的探測器,完整掃描三角形中每個邊以及邊上的每個點,最後再回到起點,試找出該路徑之最小值,以及該路徑與三角形之間的關係。在這份報告中,我們新增了在任意三角形中最短路徑的證明。 性質一,證明 D、E 兩點的存在性及唯一性。性質二,證明當四點共線時,會有最小值的發生。性質三,證明從直角或鈍角頂點出發的路徑為最小 值。性質四,證明從較小銳角頂點出發的最短路徑大於從直角或鈍角出發的最短路徑。性質六,證明任意三角形中最短路徑皆由最大角出發。 最後,我們將此問題延伸到四邊形,猜測從最大角頂點出發並回到起點的路徑為最小值,雖然我們發現了反例,但同時也證明了當最大角與第二大角差距夠大時,此猜測仍是正確的。

NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF A CANSAT PICOSATELLITE ENERGY CONSUMPTION

This paper describes a power-profile-based approach to CanSat picosatellite energy usage estimation. We measured the power profile of individual CanSat components on a test bench. The collected data was used to create a power consumption model for a simple flight control algorithm. The power consumption model was implemented in Python programming language and was used to simulate the CanSat flight. The simulation results were compared with the measured power profile of a fully integrated CanSat running the same flight control algorithm. The model showed an error of 2.2% and proved to be suitable for use in battery capacity optimization.

Artificial Intelligence Sensing Technology for Blinds Path Findings

Over 30 million souls live in a world of darkness, a number greater than the populations of both Norway and Sweden combined. Every individual deserves the chance to embark on a journey across our magnificent blue planet. Yet, regrettably, little has been done to assist them. With this project, we’re lighting the way for the blind to explore our beautiful world independently, breaking free from dependence and embracing boundless horizons. In order to put our theory of the project into practice & explore the use of artificial intelligence & computer science, we started by collecting the required materials for our project such as micro-controllers, sensors, a pair of glasses, a laptop, and a miniature camera. Then we moved onto creating the project itself in which the digital software programmed onto the hardware plays the key-role, as the sensors and the camera will record the details and information from the surroundings and send it to the laptop for further processing. The camera would be the backbone of our project, as it will stream real-time footage to the laptop which will be analyzed by an open-source object detection model ‘YOLOv8’ for identifying objects. After finishing the base model of our project, we tested it in-front of objects such as toy cars, bikes, people, etc, and the results of the object-detection would be shown on the laptop. To observe this data, we created a device which has different modules and integrations for different functions. For example, we will use our camera and then stream it onto a laptop so the reading and the data can be processed on the laptop by AI using YOLOv8. As mentioned in the start, many people do not possess the ability to see, to assist them we have thought of this device which uses all readings and its analytical skills to analyze data and help them navigate, travel or simply, live a better life.