Due to global population growth and industrialization, excessive inflow of causative nitrogen into rivers, and the increase in water temperature due to global warming, the occurrence of harmful algal blooms (HABs) is increasing. HABs can cause not only ecological destruction but also various social and economic problems. Additionally, consuming water from lakes with abundant toxic cyanobacteria can lead to liver damage, vomiting, abdominal pain, and even death if consumed over a long period. The first recorded occurrence of animal mortality due to HABs was in Australia in 1878, and since then, livestock and wildlife have suffered damages from HABs worldwide. Furthermore, the United States' Lake Erie has experienced frequent HAB occurrences since 2011, and in 2007, China faced social disruption when a massive HAB outbreak in Lake Tai, one of the freshwater lakes, resulted in a suspension of the water supply. In order to address these HAB occurrence issues and assess the severity of HAB events, several systems have already been established and potential solutions have been proposed. However, these systems have limitations such as being highly systematic and advanced in terms of equipment and configuration. They are often located only in periodically affected areas, and they involve substantial costs. Therefore, we aim to overcome these limitations and design a system that can effectively manage HABs.

The purpose of the project was to find out whether humans can tell the difference between human-generated text and artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots-generated text and to identify how Al-generated text differs from human-generated text. The dependent variable was the results given by the participants (whether the paragraphs were Al-generated texts or human-generated text). The Independent variable was the participants in the experiment and the controlled variable was the type of paragraphs (both the Al-generated texts and human-generated texts) and time used to test each participant. The hypothesis for this experiment was that the participants were not going to be able to differentiate between AI-generated text and human-generated text. In this descriptive and mixed-method study, participants were presented with questionnaires. Each participant needed to state whether they thought each paragraph was human-generated or AI-generated. At the end of the questionnaire, the participants were asked to briefly explain what assisted them in differentiating between the two. They were given 60 seconds to decide. A stopwatch was used to time them. A sample of 456 participants took part in this project. They were not told how many AI-generated passages and human-generated passages there were in the selection. They only knew the total number of passages. Over 99% of the participants could not correctly differentiate between AI-generated text and human-generated text in all passages. Only four participants were able to get 100% of the questions correct. All four learners attend schools located in urban areas. After I did my analysis, I discovered that my hypothesis was incorrect. Four of the participants were able to get 100% of the questions correct this indicates that not all the participants were not able to tell the difference between Al-generated text and human-generated text. This rejects my hypothesis. However, the chances of humans differentiating between the two are very low. All four learners attend schools located in urban areas; this indicates that it is easier for learners attending urban area schools to recognise AI-generated texts than learners attending schools located in rural areas.

Throughout our generations, a traditional system has been implemented for registering student attendance, in which the teacher is responsible for carrying out said activity, investing an average time of 15 to 20 minutes, which are part of the time of class. The objective of this project is to optimize this process, thus achieving effective class times, promoting the use of digital tools and innovation in teaching practice, in addition to generating security and confidence in tutors through the use of a service of message, which will notify the student's attendance in real time. Through a survey of the teaching staff of the CONALEP 338 Córdoba campus, it was detected that each teacher has academic loads equivalent to 3 to 5 modules per day, with an average of more than 40 students assigned to each module. Based on this information, the use of technological tools will be promoted and this process of teaching practice will be innovated with zero costs.

The idea of dramatically reducing the cost of the production dry cell, reducing its carbon footprint, and being able to be an alternative to current materials such as biochars really propels the interest of performing this project research. Biochars from durian husk, bamboo and coconut shell are promising alternative chemical materials of the anodes in the dry cell due to their eco-friendly traits and availability in the trophic areas which covers about 40% of the land on earth. Using the technique of pyrolysis, the latest and the best technique to produce a high carbon content biochars, the dry cell uses the potassium hydroxide as the electrolyte and manganese dioxide as the catalysts that make the biochar mixture to produce maximum voltage of 65% from the dry cell sold in the current market. The voltage analysis of the biochar dry cell was done in our school science laboratory and then, characterization tests analysis was carried out on the products from the specific biomass namely the SEM/EDX analysis, at the Material Characterization Laboratory (MCL), Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra 馬來西亞. Based on our research, the biochar obtained from the raw materials (Durian Husk, Bamboo and Coconut Shell) had shown different characteristics. The bamboo biochar had shown the most amount of carbon content which is 86.64% more than the durian husk biochar (72.77%) and coconut shell biochar (65.57%). On the other hand, based on the micrograph, we observed that the durian husk biochar had shown much created pores rather than bamboo biochar and coconut shell biochar. In our study, we found out that the average voltage produced by the three different biochars have shown that Durian Husk char dry cell produced the highest voltage which is 0.97V, more than the bamboo char (0.62V) and coconut shell char (0.73V). In conclusion, the biochar dry cell produced are much cheaper in term of its production as our biochar dry cell uses biomass that are freely available and comes from renewable source of energy, the best ingredient for Green Technology.

This paper describes a power-profile-based approach to CanSat picosatellite energy usage estimation. We measured the power profile of individual CanSat components on a test bench. The collected data was used to create a power consumption model for a simple flight control algorithm. The power consumption model was implemented in Python programming language and was used to simulate the CanSat flight. The simulation results were compared with the measured power profile of a fully integrated CanSat running the same flight control algorithm. The model showed an error of 2.2% and proved to be suitable for use in battery capacity optimization.

Titanium dioxide TiO2 is a semiconductor, that has great chemical and physical properties, such as remarkable resistance against corrosion, chemical stability, and it’s a non-toxic material. Due to these properties, it rises as an excellent candidate for a wide range of different applications, such as being a popular material for solar cells, paints, cosmetics, energy storge devices, and water splitting. For photoelectrochemical water splitting to generate Hydrogen, a large surface area is essential, to be maximized to enhance photocatalytic redox processes and hence improve overall efficiency. Therefore, different methods have been utilized to fabricate TiO2 nanotubular structure. However, they either encounter a difficult process because of a long synthesis time or the need of expensive precursors. In our work, we demonstrated a study of enhancing 1 D TiO2 film to perform as a bifunctional catalyst (works as cathode and anode). As it is known that TiO2 is kinetically hampered as cathode for producing hydrogen from water, this is due to sluggish electron transfer at the interface between TiO2 and water and the conduction band of the TiO2, which is more negative than H+/H2. To tackle this problem, TiO2 film should be modified. In this work, we modified the TiO2 as bifunctional by investigating different parameters in detail, like the anodic oxidation solution content, anodic oxidation time, and the role of the polyethylene glycol chain. Electrochemical characterization and SEM, and XPS were utilized to prevent the nanotubes structure and to confirm the chemical bonding as well as investigating the physical properties such as resistance and electron kinetic mobility.

Identifyingthespeciesorsexofabirdbasedonafeatherfoundinnatureisoftenchallenging,evenwith the help of reference books. However, determining the presence of a rare species in a habitat using an indirectpresenceindicator,suchasafeather,canhelpinimplementingspecificmeasuresforpreserving the species. The aim of this study is to investigate whether DNAgenotyping is better than specialized books when identifying bird feathers. Toanswerthisquestion,Icollectedfeathersinthewildand,withthehelpoftwobooks,triedtoidentify theirspeciesandsex.Then,assistedbyDrGwenaëlJacob(UNIFR),Iisolatedtwogenesinnineselected feathers. The investigated genes were the CHD gene for sexing and the COI gene for species identification.Todothis,theDNAwasfirstextractedfromthefeathers,purified,andamplifiedbyPCR. Subsequently,anelectrophoresis wasperformedtosexthe samples andcheckthatthe PCRamplification hadworkedproperly.Finally,thesamplesweresequencedbytheMicrosynthlaboratory(St-Gall),and the obtained sequences were entered into the NCBI database. Acomparisonoftheresultsobtainedwitheachofthetwodifferentmethodsshowsthattheidentification with specialized books was fairly successful. 56% of the species identification made with the books were indeed confirmed by genotyping. DNAanalysis provided a different result only for feather #16. However,33%ofgeneticidentificationfailed,eitherduetogeneticmaterialqualityorlaboratoryerrors. Asitwaspossibletoidentifythesexofonlyonesample(feather#14)withthebooks,itwasnotpossible tomakeatruecomparisonofthetwoapproaches.However,asgeneticsexingworkedwell(onefailure, feather #28), it can be inferred that genetic sexing is more effective than using books. This work demonstrated that DNAis not infallible and that sometimes books are equally effective in identifyingbirdspeciesfromafeather.However,insexingbird,DNAremainsmoreefficient.Thus,one can conclude that DNAgenotyping is not superior but rather complementary to specialized books for identifying bird feathers.

Calcineurin (CN) activation is a main cause of cancerous tumor formation, one of the leading causes of death globally. Cyclosporine-A (CsA) is a commercially available oral drug that inhibits CN activation; however, low bioavailability limits its use. Nine patented CsA conjugates are potential alternatives to CsA as they have improved cytotoxicities and bioavailabilities but unknown CN-binding affinity. This study aimed to identify the CNinhibition strength and bioavailability of CsA conjugates in silico drug-likeness evaluation via modified Lipinski’s Rule of Five was done on CsA, voclosporin, and CsA conjugates to test bioavailability. The binding affinities of bioavailable compounds were computed via docking to CN in five trials, and the binding affinities were compared. The Water-soluble, RVal, IIA, Alpha, and MeBmt 2 conjugates showed improved bioavailabilities compared to CsA as they passed the drug-likeness screening. After five trials of computational docking to CN, the IIA and RVal conjugates showed improved binding affinities at -15.8 kcal/mol and -15.2 kcal/mol, respectively, compared to CsA at -14.3 kcal/mol. Notably, IIA also showed an improved binding affinity compared to voclosporin at -15.5 kcal/mol. These results suggest that CsA conjugates may be better oral chemotherapeutic drugs than CsA.

Currently, Large-scale solar PV systems installations are taking place in the desert environment and space to harness abundant solar energy effectively. Dust accumulation on the surface of photovoltaic panels (PV) is the most stignant problem for photovoltaic panels, as dust deposition reduces PV problem energy generation efficiency significantly. Thus, the removal of dust from the PV panels has become very important to increase the rate of energy efficiency by the PV panels. The dust particles could be reduced using traditional dust cleaning techniques. But, in the harsh and hostile desert environment, these approaches which requires a lot of water, complicated mechanical instruments, enormous logistics, and personnel. Electrodynamic dust shielding (EDS) system has been developed at our laboratory to remove dust particles from the surface of the PV panels. The EDS system has been successfully tested for dust mitigation. The unique features of our EDS System is that it is cost effective, easy to install and no manpower required as it is an unmanned system. The design and construction of a single-phase electrodynamic dust repulsion device built locally in KSA is demonstrated in this study. This work showed that the optimized electrode design and electrical parameters, such as AC source voltage and frequency, maximized the EDS system's dust mitigation effectiveness. A perfect balance was achieved between the geometrical and electrical parameters of the EDS system, resulting in a dust removal efficiency of up to 92±1 ℅.

此研究是以實驗方式，驗證理論模擬中指出水漂在不同入水模式下，入水攻角為 20 度時皆可產生最佳的彈跳效果。因此我以壓克力板作為模擬水漂的模型，設計了以下四組操作變因，分別是入水攻角、水的流速、水漂邊界形狀以及接觸面的粗糙程度，接著透過Tracker 分析壓克力板的質心彈跳高度及運動軌跡，再利用 Excel 分析數據，找出其中的運動相關性。最後透過座標轉換，可以利用此實驗來分析打水漂的運動行為，成功發現入水攻角在 20 度時的確有最佳的彈跳效果，並以此實驗結果來優化打水漂的運動行為。