全國中小學科展

2024年

硬骨魚鰓上用以適應淡水酸化獨特的產氨與排氨機制

環境酸化為地球面臨的危機之一。面對酸逆境時,產氨及排氨為脊椎動物保守的適應策略,而本研究致力於探討脊椎動物之一的斑馬魚 (Danio rario) 在面對酸逆境時適應的特殊機制。首先,斑馬魚在pH值4.0環境下酸處理6小時後,水體及血液中氨濃度顯著上升。透過qRT-PCR,負責產氨的麩醯胺酸酶 (GLS, gls) 基因在鰓、肝、肌肉、腎中皆被誘發,顯示他們皆貢獻於排氨的過程。比較不同器官發現,鰓最早在6小時便啟動 gls基因,可知鰓除了負責魚類的排氨,也是面對急性酸逆境時最初的產氨器官。在斑馬魚的鰓上,我們也發現了硬骨魚特有的富含GLS的細胞 (GLS細胞),再次應證了硬骨魚面對酸逆境時,鰓上獨特的適應機制。本研究為氣候變遷議題提供了非常有價值及參考性的資訊,也協助預測未來持續環境酸化下硬骨魚類的未來。

ConalepAsistant

Throughout our generations, a traditional system has been implemented for registering student attendance, in which the teacher is responsible for carrying out said activity, investing an average time of 15 to 20 minutes, which are part of the time of class. The objective of this project is to optimize this process, thus achieving effective class times, promoting the use of digital tools and innovation in teaching practice, in addition to generating security and confidence in tutors through the use of a service of message, which will notify the student's attendance in real time. Through a survey of the teaching staff of the CONALEP 338 Córdoba campus, it was detected that each teacher has academic loads equivalent to 3 to 5 modules per day, with an average of more than 40 students assigned to each module. Based on this information, the use of technological tools will be promoted and this process of teaching practice will be innovated with zero costs.

利用六軸加速度計回饋控制之車輛動態防側傾駕駛輔助系統

車輛在轉彎時會產生法線方向的加速度導致側傾。本研究以 Arduino、MPU-9250 加速度傳感器模組、光電傳感器等,換算成速度、側傾角資料後,回饋控制車輛移動,再利用其它設備的輔助觀察感測器的準確性。本實驗計畫利用加速度計的資料開發一個車輛防側傾駕駛輔助系統。首先,利用 MATLAB Simulink 模擬車輛在不同環境下傾倒時的各項感測器數值變化,以縮短實際實驗所需的時間。接著計算出車輛發生傾倒所需要跨越的數值門檻,並在電腦中撰寫一套防側傾的策略,分析側傾的原因以及量值後,控制車輛的轉彎方向以及速度,使其回到正常行駛的平面。最後模擬完成後,再將模擬的系統實裝回到原本的模型車實驗驗證系統的可行性,並討論其成功率。

心線相依 The Extensions of Euler Line

此題出處為 Crux Mathematicorum, Vol. 44(4), Apr 2018[1]。已知H為△ABC 的垂心,自A、B與C往對邊̅BC、̅CA與̅AB 作三高,得三垂足為 D、E 與F,從△ABC的三邊往外作矩形,使其寬與三邊上的高成比例,再將這三個矩形相臨的頂點連起來,形成三組三角形。證明這三個三角形的中線會三線共點。事實上這點就是外心。 我將原題延伸為四種建構方法,從△ABC 的三邊往外作平行四邊形,分別連三個外接三角形,考慮其中線、角平分線、中垂線與高,以及三角形的五心。分析三線共點的情形。 本研究最特別之處是在四種建構96種情形中,共有69種共點。其中有7 種情形,當任意點J 配上三中線共點於P時,此時J、重心G與P點三點共線,且̅JG :̅GP=2 :1。當任意點J與垂心重合時,三中線共點於外心,此時這條直線即歐拉線。另外有 11 種情形,當任意點J配上三中線共點於P時,此J、重心G與P點三點共線,且̅JG :̅GP=1: 2。當任意點J與外心重合時,三中線共點於垂心,此時這條直線即歐拉線。且當f1(J,m)=P1,f2 (J , m)=P2,此時P2、P1、重心G與J共線。最特別的是當J與外心重合時, P1 是九點圓的圓心。

Riyadh Smart Parking

Our vision aims to raise the quality of life and we had planned smart cities from scratch but what about the current cities the residents of Riyadh suffer from extreme traffic and spend hours circling the block searching for a open park which wastes time money and is bad for the environment. 30-50% of traffic is causing by not being able to park and due to Riyadh lack of proper city planning and radid increase in inhabitants especially after allowing women to drive and as the car being the main way of transportation finding a open park could be a nightmare for some. We have approached this problem from the technological perspective by developing a free application for Riyadhs inhabitants that's main goal is to navigate each driver from their current location to the best open park possible in the shortest time possible but what dirstinguishes us from similar apps in the literature is that we provide the time of departure for each park as well as the ability to book suck parks even if it is ahead of time via a interactive live map. The technology's that we used are the cellar censor that will track the users location and the ultrasonic sensor to track the occupancy of the parking in case the driver doesn't have the app but in which case will case will not be able to provide booking features. We have struggled in the lack of expertise and experience and in motivating the drivers to input correct data about there time of departure we also didn't have enough time to validate our project For future work we will validate our project and we plan on making the detection of the time of departure automatic as well as vobering all kinds of parks. We plan on expanding the scope of target users to include institutes as well because with time the app will have collected enough data to help institutions provide better parking such as ruch hours parking scope percentage of booked parking etc we also plan on benefiting more from the cellular secsor to link data with the persons phone like certain access to private parks like disabled parking or home parking or private hotel offices parking etc

First-Ever Study on Groundwater Discharge Zones in Tumon Bay, a Protected Marine Preserve: Novel Insights into Coral Reef Conservation

Current research shows Northern Guam to be composed of porous limestone bedrock which allow groundwater to flow out. One large discharge point has already been identified last year in north-western Guam at Ayuyu Cave. However, little is known about Tumon Bay which is known to comprise karst watersheds which should allow for SGD. This project has examined invisible groundwater discharge using a salinity meter and was able to detect two areas of concentrated freshwater discharges in Tumon Bay, with a few minor ones scattered throughout the bay. These seeps were found to have consistently lower salinity while pH varied, and hosted more marine life than other high salinity areas. Further unique coral growth in Tumon Bay’s inner lagoon was associated with these two freshwater discharges with the pH levels further segregating the types of coral species found during on-site observation. Two coral communities, staghorn Acropora and massive Porites, were found adjacent to the surveyed groundwater seeps. It’s inferred that lower wave energy in eastern Tumon Bay allows for greater plankton and other microbial growth leading to more heterotrophic coral growth, favoring Porites corals, while Western Tumon Bay has higher wave energy which leads to the growth of more autotrophic corals, such as the Acropora found in the first area surveyed. This is the first study to document the presence, location, and consequences of invisible freshwater discharges across the billion-dollar bay. This study gauges the effects of SGD on inner shore habitats, also providing a coral cover assessment across Tumon Bay using transects and quadrats. These discoveries allow for strategic coral planting, designated areas needing government protection, and show areas of appealing inner lagoon coral growth for tourism.

衛星影像分析-集集攔河堰水體計算

本研究利用福爾摩沙衛星 5 號及 Sentinel-2 之衛星影像監測 2018-2023 年集集攔河堰集水區的變化量值,並利用 Semi-automaticClassificationPlugin(SCP)及 NormalizedDifferenceWater Index(NDWI)兩種指標運算方式,比較集集攔河堰的水體面積變化及兩種指標的差異與應用。結果顯示 NDWI 相較於 SCP 更接近水利署所提供的航照資料,因此 NDWI 在測量水體範圍上具較高可信度。 如果用(面積×水位高度)無法真實計算可利用的水資源,因為水面下的沉積物會隨時間增減或遷徙。因此我們利用地表輻射值與數值高程模型(DEM)模擬水下的沉積物堆疊情形。為證實地表輻射值與地形有關聯性,因此利用水利署光達剖面圖資與本研究計算結果比對,發現乾季時模擬結果與光達實測地形資料高度相似。 此外亦利用 NDWI、NDVI 與空拍圖的相互比對重新細分不同物質在 NDWI 的適當數值區間範圍,能有效將濕砂石與深水區分離,並應用於其他及水樣區。

Connectivity Analysis of Glucose Metabolism in Huntington’s Disease: A New Perspective Provided by Dynamic Glucose-Enhanced MRI

亨丁頓症為神經退化性疾病,與認知功能障礙緊密相關。本研究首創應用 DGE MRI, 以探討葡萄糖代謝作為亨丁頓症神經影像生物標記的可行性,了解其腦區間代謝之關聯性。 本研究探討腦區間葡萄糖代謝關聯性與亨丁頓症病理之間的關係,在 zQ175 KI 和R6/2 KI 小鼠中不同的連接性變化模式,其中在紋狀體及齒狀迴之間之葡萄糖代謝關聯性發現顯著變化,與已知病理相符,說明 DGE MRI 用於臨床生物標記之潛力,助於及時診斷和監測。 本研究首創探討 DGE MRI 作為亨丁頓症影像生物標記之可行性,提供葡萄糖代謝行為於腦區間相互作用之分析,不僅可更加了該症病理,更可推動早期診斷、疾病監測和精準醫療應用之發展,說明可能有針對代謝紊亂的潛在治療策略。

Unraveling a Transcriptional Enigma: Exploring the Action Model of the Concealed BPC Network on the Circadian Oscillation System玄機暗藏: 深究轉錄因子家族BPC對晝夜節律系統之作用模式

這項研究深入探討阿拉伯芥生理時鐘的轉錄調控機制,關注植物特有 GAGA 結合因子, BASIC PENTACYSTEINEs(BPCs)。通過監測 BPC 突變株和誘導株的葉片運動,及對 BPC 突變株生長缺陷的觀察,推測 BPC 於節律運動和葉形表徵扮演調控要角。藉數學建模和對突變與誘導株的 qRT-PCR 實驗,我揭示第一及第二類 BPC 在協調生物鐘節奏和葉片發育中的多種功能,更描述 BPC 內部調控網絡,了解這些蛋白質如何維持恆定。突變株實驗突顯 BPC 對關鍵時鐘成員 CCA1、ELF4、GI 和 PRR 家族的精確控制,而誘導株實驗則繞離 BPC 家族內部的補救途徑,從不同的尺度提供更直觀的檢驗方法。模擬進一步闡明 BPC 如何微調時鐘,確保振盪最佳化和晝夜間的無縫過渡。此外,我還發現 BPC1 和 BPC3 對第二類 TCP 基因的影響。他們抑制除 TCP5 外的多數 TCP 基因,透過不同下游途徑影響葉緣形態。概括而言,這項研究揭示了 BPC 家族是生理時鐘和葉片發育途徑的關鍵調控者。

空氣鳳梨毛狀體降低空汙之探討與應用

本研究主要是探討空氣鳳梨葉子作為清淨環境空氣和降低 PM2.5 濃度以及物理性微粒的功能。為了解空氣鳳梨的吸附能力,我們先測量空氣鳳梨的滯塵能力,發現高居室內植物滯塵能力第二名:其次是測量植株能否降低線香微粒濃度,發現其葉片具有減少懸浮微粒的能力,顯示其具有空氣淨化效果;猜測上述能力應與毛狀體結構有關,於是著手測量去毛後的吸附能力,得知毛狀體是影響吸附能力的關鍵。接著我們學習 Image J 操作,進一步了解空氣鳳梨在各部位的吸收能力及運送途徑。透過數位化影像分析,推測微粒的路徑為葉基→葉中→葉尖。最後比較了吸附微粒後的植株與對照組的抗氧化能力,發現實驗組明顯降低,說明微粒會對空氣鳳梨造成氧化壓力並影響生理代謝。