We elucidated the cause of the phenomenon, in which silver deposits on a bamboo charcoal when the bamboo charcoal is soaked in an AgNO3 water solution. From the experimental results, we considered that the hydrogen which is generated while the bamboo wood is carbonized is chemisorbed as C-H bonds on the surface edge of charcoal (the end of the carbon), and that these hydrogen atoms become hydrogen ions,which then reduce the silver ions and deposit silver. In addition, we created a graph of the mass of deposited silver versus the mass of charcoal, and the graph showed that the mass of deposited silver was strongly correlated with the surface area calculated from the mass of the charcoal. Besides, we showed that charcoal can be used in applications for the treatment of inorganic liquid waste, depositing metals from inorganic liquid waste by bamboo charcoals. Also, the charcoal is used for interior decoration because of its deodorizing effect and beauty. In our study, we create a work of art used silverdeposited charcoal with a motif of Karesansui (Traditional Japanese rock garden).

本研究是關於 nim 遊戲的兩種推廣（其中一種是一個稱為 the game of squayles 的遊戲的推廣），稱為 edge-removing game 和 star-removing game。此遊戲為兩人遊戲。在遊戲的一開始，有一個簡單圖 G。兩個玩家輪流刪除該圖的非空路徑或非空星子圖的邊。首先不能移動的一方輸掉遊戲。 在 edge-removing game 中，我成功計算出某些特殊圖的 Grundy numbers，並給出了一般 k 星的 Grundy numbers 上界。接著我定義了一種新的圖，稱為 nice graphs，並發現所有 nice graphs 都是 N-position。我由此給出了任意兩個非空圖的 join product 的解。至於圖的 Cartesian product，我給出了兩個滿足一定條件的非空圖的 Cartesian product 的解，並發現一個 fully nice graph 和任何至少有 2 個頂點的連通圖的 Cartesian product 也是 fully nice 的。使用這個性質，我給出了 r-dimensional grids 上的 edge-removing game 的解。 至於 star-removing game，我最大的突破是構思出對稱性這個概念。使用這個概念，我給出更一般化的結論，可以用來有效分析某些圖的 Cartesian product 上的的 star-removing game。使用這些結果，我給出了 r-dimensional grids 的解。

本研究以機電整合，發明了【曳引機迴轉犁偵測系統】，將大型農業機械智能化，並優化及整合工程技術，設計了六大系統，藉由量化評工程效益及作物的產量變化，觀察設計成效。 根據文獻，水稻管理使用「灌溉系統」＋「雜草抑制蓆」＋「生物肥料」的機制，可以增加產量[1,2]。因此我們優化這些機制，並設計「精準深耕」、「智慧噴桿」、「滴灌系統」形成六大系統。利用自創的【曳引機迴轉犁偵測系統】，犁耕時就可以在每一寸土地上，精確控制土壤深度在25cm的「精準深耕」。我們也發現，在這六大系統的協同效應下，不僅省下3～12倍的作業時間，同時在加乘效果的作用下，產量可以大幅提高至79%。 本實驗花二年時間，在台中清水地區1.2公頃的農地，實際建構這六大系統。並使用無人機偵測飛行高度的3D立體影像感測器、Arduino微控制器、燒入自行設計的Arduino C程式，成功發明【曳引機迴轉犁偵測系統】，並裝在大型曳引機，用來偵測迴轉耕耘機翻鬆土壤的深度，同步將該數據立即顯示在駕駛室的儀表板。 目前全球六大品牌大型曳引機，造價超過新台幣400萬元，尚無一款具有本研究自創的迴轉犁自動偵測功能。

GAGA 序列為生物發育重要順式作用子； BPC (BASIC PENTACYSTEINE) 則為植物特有 GAGA 結合蛋白。已知 bpc 突變體具多效性，其生理時鐘相關之發育有多重缺陷。阿拉伯芥BPC家族中 BPC1, BPC2, BPC3 為第一亞群，且 BPC 群間和群內有重疊與拮抗作用。為探究第一群 BPC 是否調控生理時鐘，本實驗以 3D 影像觀察 bpc1 bpc2、bpc1 bpc2 bpc3 及野生型之晝夜運動，並誘導 BPC 過量表現以檢測時鐘基因反應，發現 bpc 突變體之晝夜運動與時鐘節律皆有缺陷，顯示 BPC 能影響生理時鐘運行。透過一系列對第一群 BPC 突變體與過量表現植株的 RT-qPCR 檢測，可歸結第一群 BPC 是能調控生理時鐘與葉片生長的中心。

2019年衛生福利部死因統計資料顯示和高血壓有高度相關的心臟疾病、腦血管疾病和高血壓性疾病皆在十大死因之列[15]。本研究提出以深度學習對心跳聲的時序頻譜圖進行訓練與分析的研究方法，應用此方法我們能以Convolution Neural Network(CNN)模型從受測者心跳聲預測出其血壓層級。CNN一般用於圖像分類，但在此研究中我們以此來分析心跳聲。本研究發現利用僅萃取第二心音的資料庫訓練效果較佳，並透過熱圖分析注意到模型對特定頻率域較為重視，在後續實驗中更進一步發現0~200 Hz和400~600 Hz在判斷高血壓時扮演重要角色。同時，我們也成功應用此方法，區分出長期高血壓和運動高血壓，證明心血管的結構改變在時序頻譜圖上有對應特徵。若應用於穿戴型裝置持續監控心跳聲，就能隨時追蹤使用者的血壓層級的變化，有異常便能盡早就醫，避免憾事發生。

The emergence of antibacterial resistance has necessitated the development of alternative treatments, such as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). AMPs are part of the innate immune systems of various organisms such as Momordica charantia L., a known medicinal plant in Southeast Asia. In this study, potential novel AMPs from M. charantia were derived in silico to provide prospective antibiotic alternatives using promising plant-based peptides. M. charantia protein sequences that were 500 amino acids long were digested using proteolytic enzymes, resulting in 3,621 peptides. Each resulting sequence was characterized as either AMP or Non-AMP using four statistical analysis tools, and those identified as AMPs were analyzed. This led to 102 AMPs, 53 of which were unregistered on the Data Repository for Antimicrobial Peptides, indicating that they have yet to be derived from other species. Six of the eight studied physicochemical properties show strong correlations with each other, suggesting that subsequent AMP design studies may focus on these six properties. As such, M. charantia may be a rich source of potential AMPs and, thereby, alternative antibiotics. The in vitro examination of these novel AMPs is also recommended to further understand their potential as alternative antibiotics sourced from locally available plants.

Food safety was an important issue recently. Today sodium percarbonate was used to fake the vitality of shrimps to earn a good sell. However, it may cause harm to health because of the peroxides left over. To handle this problem, we set up two goals to achieve: detecting them and then removing them. In the past, the titration skill was an easy method for determining the concentration of H2O2. It not only spent too much time but also resulted in errors commonly. In this research, titanium sulfate and citric acid were used to prepare the colorimetric reagent. To measure the peroxides in water, several factors were controlled and the SOP for detecting and the calibration line for peroxides finally established. In practical, we turned the colorimetric reagent into the fast test paper which was easily for use. The other part of this research was to clear up the peroxides in water. We use titanium sulfate, hydrogen peroxide and citric acid as starting material via hot-bath method to prepare the nano-photocatalyst of titanium dioxide. Since the powder was inconvenient to deal with large amount of water. The powder-like TiO2 was further made into ball-shaped TiO2 in favor of water treatment and reuse. It was found that the photocatalytic performance of ball-shaped TiO2 was effective to be on duty for removal of the peroxides. In summary, this research provided two techniques to deal with the zombie shrimp. The novel method for synthesis of TiO2 catalyst and the preparation of colorimetric reagent for fast test paper were all in low cost. They had great potential to develop in marketing demand.

Low-field (LF) MRI scanners have the power to revolutionize medical imaging by provid- 27 ing a portable and cheaper alternative to high-field MRI scanners. However, such scanners are usu- 28 ally significantly noisier and lower quality than their high-field counterparts. This prevents them 29 from appealing to global markets. The aim of this paper is to improve the SNR and overall image quality of low-field MRI scans (called super-resolution) to improve diagnostic capability and, as a result, make it more accessible. To address this issue, we propose a Nested U-Net neural network architecture super-resolution algorithm that outperforms previously suggested super-resolution deep learning methods with an average PSNR of 78.83 ± 0.01 and SSIM of 0.9551 ± 0.01. Our ANOVA paired t-test and Post-Hoc Tukey test demonstrate significance with a p-value < 0.0001 and no other network demonstrating significance higher than 0.1. We tested our network on artificial noisy downsampled synthetic data from 1500 T1 weighted MRI images through the dataset called the T1- mix. Four board-certified radiologists scored 25 images (100 image ratings total) on the Likert scale (1-5) assessing overall image quality, anatomical structure, and diagnostic confidence across our architecture and other published works (SR DenseNet, Generator Block, SRCNN, etc.). Our algo- rithm outperformed all other works with the highest MOS, 4.4 ± 0.3. We also introduce a new type of loss function called natural log mean squared error (NLMSE), outperforming MSE, MAE, and MSLE on this specific SR task. Additionally, we ran inference on actual Hyperfine scan images with successful qualitative results using a Generator RRDB block. In conclusion, we present a more ac- curate deep learning method for single image super-resolution applied to low-field MRI via a 45 Nested U-Net architecture.

The increased sensitivity of aquatic organisms to the effects of EMF has been proven by numerous experimental studies. It has been repeatedly noted that exposure to EMF of certain frequencies and intensities leads to disruption of physiological functions, orientation in time and space, changes in the behavior of organisms, suppression of motor activity. Other ranges of electromagnetic radiation, on the contrary, can cause the effects of increased regeneration, growth rate and survival. In connection with these trends, the purpose of our research is to analyze the effects of the influence of electromagnetic radiation of extremely high frequency on the development of the Xenopus laevis and the regeneration of newts and planarians

隨著越來越劇烈的天災，對農作物損害造成了許多危機。去了解植物如何對抗逆境，是刻不容緩的。田菁是台灣重要的綠肥作物，我們也常在濱海鄉村的農田看到其存在；綠豆是常用作物，在研究上與日常生活中都很常見，同樣身為豆科植物，兩者對於常見的鹽逆境的反應是否有差異呢？本研究透過比較田菁與綠豆兩種常見豆科植物，深入了解並比較其耐鹽機制。首先，在外表型上，田菁幼苗在鹽逆境下的發芽率、芽長、根長和鮮重皆有較好的生長情形。其次，鹽逆境下田菁的氣孔密度較低，進而可以減少水分蒸散。第三，在生化測試中，田菁在POD和CAT兩個酵素上，表現出更高的酵素活性。這些抗氧化酵素可以幫助植物在逆境下更容易生存。總之，田菁由於更高的抗氧化能力而具有更好的耐鹽性，並且將更多的能量用於生長更複雜的根結構。此外，我們發現田菁在根中出現中柱分離和更多的脯氨酸累積，以幫助它保持水分和遠離鹽害。上述所有機制使田菁在鹽逆境下具有更好的適應與生長。我們希望這項研究可以在未來應用於農業上，減少不可預測的環境災害造成的經濟損失。