前人以含農桿菌 C58（Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58）土壤接種番茄小苗後，發現有些番茄未產生腫瘤，故推測其土壤根圈中，有能抑制農桿菌 C58的細菌。本研究從番茄小苗根圈分離並純化培養細菌，再透過抑制圈實驗測試分離菌。結果發現分離株YA7-1，有顯著抑制農桿菌 C58的效果，進而測試其他農桿菌菌株。結果顯示YA7-1對多種農桿菌具拮抗能力，且不同於現行的生物防治菌農桿菌（Agrobacterium radiobacter K84 and K1026）有高選擇性限制。定序其16S核糖體核糖核酸基因片段，序列比對為節桿菌屬（Arthrobacter）。經由接種試驗得知YA7-1對番茄沒有致病力，且預先接種於根部時，可降低土壤中農桿菌誘導腫瘤的機率。測試YA7-1對其他植物病菌及非病原微生物的抑制效果，發現YA7-1具有廣效性的抑菌能力。藉由分析培養液上清夜的實驗可得知YA7-1的抑菌因子為分泌物質。完成YA7-1全基因體定序後，找到四種可能被YA7-1分泌且具有抑制性的次級代謝物。未來將繼續找尋YA7-1的抑菌物質與機制，來完善對根癌農桿菌或其他植物病原菌的生物防治。

本研究探討磁性顆粒在變化磁場中的運動。燒杯內置入水和氧化鐵粉，構成磁性膠體系統，將燒杯放在磁攪拌器檯面上運轉，發現奇特的水流方向，有時順時針方向運轉，有時則逆時針。此現象是否與氧化鐵粉分布在水面或底部有關？底部的氧化鐵粉出現特別的反向運動，原因為何？深入研究磁性顆粒的運動，分析磁場變化、表面摩擦力對其影響，以及顆粒反向運動時，推動物體的力學分析，並自製磁鐵轉盤分析磁場分布對氧化鐵粉顆粒的影響。

Helping in overcoming the motion disorders is an important thing which deserve striving for. Every year number of people who have MS or paresis (paraparesis) is increasing. The device has effective results for the patients and it backs to finding the conditions of natural treatments in the device. Obviously, this device helps them to keep standing and achieve the required exercises the movement like normal people by using their hands. The degree of improvement differs from person to another as depends on the hardness of the disease and injury kind.

Staphylococcus aureus is addressed as one of the most common pathogens in hospital settings and in the community. This pathogen causes invasive infections, sepsis, and death. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is due to bacterial mutations and the use of antibiotic drugs that are not by procedures. Resistance makes MRSA infections difficult to treat, resulting in high healthcare costs. These problems lead to an urgent need to find alternative drugs to control MRSA infection. Therefore, developing new drugs and procedures such as antibacterial nanoparticles, are particularly promising. Indonesia has many medicinal plants with antibiotic activity, including Moringa oleifera. Moringa oleifera contains several active compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, and saponins which are known to have antibiotic activity. Silver nanoparticles or AgNPs are currently used as antimicrobial agents because they are toxic to prokaryotic cells (bacteria) but relatively safe for eukaryotic cells. AgNP synthesis mediated by M. oleifera extract has the advantages of being non-toxic, pollution-free, and environmentally friendly. Sisal is a potential source of naturally derived fabric and a prospective source of multifunctional textiles. Recent studies have utilized and functionalized sisal to develop composite materials. However, functionalizing of sisal using nanosilver-based materials has not been studied yet. Bioactive chemicals from plant-extracted nanoparticles also provide additional antimicrobial properties. This study aims to produce AgNPs mediated by M. oleifera leaf extract and to analyze its antimicrobial effect on MRSA growth. The powdered Moringa (4g) was boiled with 100 ml of distilled water (550 C) for 15 minutes. The mixture was filtered through Whatman No 1 filter paper and store refrigerated. The nanoparticle was synthesized by rinsing sisal fabric cloth to several concentrations of AgNO3 (1mM, 10mM, and 20mM) with Moringa extract. Nanoparticle synthesis from AgNO3 done with the help of Moringa oleifera extract. The resulting AgNPs have MIC values (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) and MBC (Minimum Bacteriocidal Concentration) of 1.25 mg/ml. The resulting silver nanoparticles showed antibiotic activity against MRSA with an average inhibition zone diameter of 15.677 mm. XRD and SEM studies are going to be held to support the data.

The surgical mask has been our daily companion since the outbreak of the Corona pandemic. The nonwovens (outer layers, not the filter membrane) from which the surgical mask is constructed consist of very long and thin polypropylene fibers. This leads to the question of whether microplastics are released during breathing through the surgical mask, which could enter the respiratory tract or the lungs. This would have a negative impact on our health, depending on the size of the detached fiber fragments - the smaller the worse because they can enter much deeper in our respiratory tract. In order to investigate the question of whether fiber fragments are released during breathing through a surgical mask, a filtration device was built. The filters were examined under an optical microscope after filtration. If fiber fragments would detach from the surgical mask, they would be found on the filter. Different surgical masks were tested, those that were not worn at all to surgical masks that were worn all day. It was found that fiber fragments were coming off the surgical masks. There were different fiber fragment types. Some fiber fragments were still undamaged (exhibited nice fractures), while others were frayed. Clump-like fragments occurred, but also smaller fine fiber fragments. All these different fiber fragments had a certain size, so that they could be called microplastics. The remarkable result of the whole study is that there is a direct correlation between the wearing time of the surgical mask and the number of detaching fiber fragments. In the case of the unworn surgical masks, 10 times fewer fiber fragments occurred during filtration than in the case of the surgical masks that were worn all day.

動脈粥狀硬化疾病的風險因子及血管擾流會造成血管內皮細胞內的粒線體失去功能，導致內皮細胞功能失調，進而引起動脈粥狀硬化疾病的後續病程，如斑塊形成。本研究主要探討粒線體轉移療法，是否能改善受到擾流影響的血管內皮細胞功能失調。首先，我們分別觀察並比較擾流與順流下的人類動脈血管內皮細胞，兩者細胞形態與內皮相關功能基因表現量的差異。其次，我們從順流處理的細胞中分離取得健康的粒線體，轉移入擾流處理的細胞中。接著以生物能量代謝分析儀，檢測轉移粒線體後內皮細胞呼吸鏈與代謝的功能是否隨粒線體的轉移而有所改善。實驗結果確認，粒線體轉移處理可改善擾流組細胞的呼吸鏈功能，細胞的有氧呼吸與產能代謝皆有改善。本先驅性研究希望有助於開創以粒線體轉移技術作為心血管疾病治療的創新療法。

Citarum River is the longest and largest river in West Java. The upstream of the Citarum River starts from Mount Wayang, Bandung Regency and ends at the mouth of the Java Sea which is located in Muara Gembong, Bekasi Regency. The Citarum River plays an important role as raw water for PDAM drinking water, supplies electricity in Java-Bali and provides water for rice field irrigation in West Java. Citarum watershed is dominated by the manufacturing industry sector such as chemicals, textiles, leather, paper, pharmaceuticals, metals, food and beverage products, and others. Based on data from the World Bank, every day, the Citarum River is polluted by approximately 20,000 tons of waste and 340,000 tons of waste water with the majority of the waste contributors coming from 2,000 textile industries. By looking at these events, there is no doubt that the sustainability of the ecosystem and the environment in the Citarum River is damaged and polluted. (Zahra Fani Robyanti; 2020). The West Java Regional Environmental Management Agency stated that the content of E. coli bacteria in the Citarum River had increased. The bacteria that cause diarrhea come from industrial and household waste. In addition to E. coli bacteria, other pollutants in the Citarum River that have increased are biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and Suspended Solids. One of the efforts that can be done regarding E. coli bacteria that pollute the Citarum river is to make it as a substrate for Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC). Bacteria present in organic media convert organic matter into electrical energy. The nature of bacteria that can degrade organic media (enrichment media) in MFC produces electron and proton ions. It is these ions that produce an electric potential difference so that energy can be generated. Generally in conventional systems, MFC consists of two chambers consisting of anode and cathode chambers. The two spaces are separated by a membrane where proton exchange occurs. This system has not fully worked with bacteria because only the anode side contains bacteria, while on the cathode side it still works using chemical compounds such as Polyaluminum Chloride (PAC). However, recently MFC has been developed using bacteria at the cathode, or better known as biocathode. Bacteria in the cathode space have the same function as electron mediators that were previously carried out by chemical compounds. In many studies on MFCs, acetate is commonly used as a substrate for bacteria to generate electricity. These chemical compounds are easier for bacteria to process than wastewater. Acetate is a simple chemical compound that serves as a carbon source for bacteria. Another advantage of acetate is that this compound does not cause other reactions to bacteria such as fermentation and methanogenesis at room temperature. Based on this thought, the author will design a study entitled Utilization of Escherichia coli Bacteria in Contaminated Water in the Citarum River as a Dual Chamber Based Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) Substrate.

CanSat (a can-size satellite) flight data revealed the occurrence of high spin angular velocities along the vertical axis of a CanSat during a parachute descent phase. A novel aerodynamic stabilization system of deployable fins was designed to decrease angular velocity. Deployable fins were attached to servomotors (rotary actuators) to provide control authority during the CanSat descent phase. Deployable fins positions were calculated based on an onboard gyroscope data using a PID (proportional-integral-derivative controller) regulator and a moving-average filter. After the assembly and the initial testing, the system was flight-proven by dropping it from a drone with and without enabling the stabilization system

現研究認為雙小行星的形成原因為小行星受YORP效應(Yarkovsky–O'Keefe–Radzievskii–Paddack effect) 使自轉加速至裂解自轉週期後形成。此研究回推母小行星裂解自轉週期，推論雙小行星是否由YORP效應形成。結果呈現實際裂解自轉週期集中於1.4 – 2.4小時，較理想裂解自轉週期短。軌道半長軸0.5 – 3.5 AU，由YORP效應形成的雙小行星約佔總體73%，2.8 AU後無YORP效應產生的雙小行星。計算YORP效應產生的雙小行星佔總體比例分佈，呈現以1.8 AU為轉折點，轉折點前YORP比例接近，轉折點後比例隨與日距離增加持續下降。透過模擬YORP比例在長時間中的演化，呈現約107 年後YORP比例分佈出現轉折點，演化時間越久轉折點與日距離增加，透過轉折點可推論小行星受演化的時長，但現行模型仍無法考量雙小行星形成過程與演化造成的多重因素，此些效應會使演化時間加長。非YORP效應產生的雙小行星在科克伍德空隙前方增加，推測受木星軌道共振使碰撞機率增加產生雙小行星。

我們研究自黑液污染土壤篩選出的Nocardiopsis（擬諾卡氏菌）菌落環狀紋路的成因，發現環狀紋路形成具有遺傳性且可能是基因變異產生。在低營養濃度（Tryptone濃度小於1g/L）條件下，菌落紋路明顯，推測是由於基層菌絲無法取得足夠養分供給氣生菌絲，氣生菌絲無法生長，直到基層菌絲往外拓展至有足夠的營養物質的區域，氣生菌絲才再次開始生長，因而產生一環一環的不連續生長帶。 此外我們發現多個Nocardiopsis菌落之間，會因抑制物質作用產生間隙，此間隙大小受營養物質濃度、菌落間初始距離、周圍菌落數目的影響，且其機制與形成環狀紋路的機制並不相同，可能與菌落間偵測感應等複雜機制有關。我們萃取此抑菌物質送液相層析串聯質譜儀（LC-MS/MS） 鑑定其成分，發現抑制物質可能是Streptogrisin C或其他非蛋白質物質。深入研究Streptogrisin C的濃度與抑制Nocardiopsis生長的關係，以及其他抑制物質的可能性是我們未來的研究方向。