2023年

本實驗應用3D列印及機械機構設計簡諧運動機制，使懸臂梁（以鋁尺構成）與聚乙烯醇及水混合之黏性物質碰撞，以雷射位移計觀察和測量鋁尺振動波形的振幅，探討其週期振動。 實驗中，調整聚乙烯醇與水的混合比例改變其黏滯度，以單自由度運動方程式探討鋁尺於不同黏滯度下的運動行為，發現鋁尺黏滯時間、脫離黏膠的速度與聚乙烯醇的濃度呈正相關，代表可利用量測黏滯時間、脫離黏膠的速度推測物質的濃度。加速度因同時受時間、速度影響，不與聚乙烯醇濃度呈正相關。另外，以黏度計測量不同溫度、聚乙烯醇溶液濃度下的黏度，發現聚乙烯醇溶液在重量百分濃度15%至25%的區間中，濃度愈高、或溫度愈低的情況下，黏性愈強，且濃度高者隨溫度變化程度愈大。 此外，以快速傅立葉變換處理鋁尺在受不同黏滯度作用下的位移數據，發現位移波形為簡諧運動，其頻率由鋁尺共振的自然頻率組成，不因黏滯阻尼而改變。驅動以振動器試圖改變鋁尺振動頻率，發現鋁尺傾向振動的頻率為其自然頻率，符合以歐拉-伯努力方程式推導出的自然頻率。

前人以含農桿菌 C58（Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58）土壤接種番茄小苗後，發現有些番茄未產生腫瘤，故推測其土壤根圈中，有能抑制農桿菌 C58的細菌。本研究從番茄小苗根圈分離並純化培養細菌，再透過抑制圈實驗測試分離菌。結果發現分離株YA7-1，有顯著抑制農桿菌 C58的效果，進而測試其他農桿菌菌株。結果顯示YA7-1對多種農桿菌具拮抗能力，且不同於現行的生物防治菌農桿菌（Agrobacterium radiobacter K84 and K1026）有高選擇性限制。定序其16S核糖體核糖核酸基因片段，序列比對為節桿菌屬（Arthrobacter）。經由接種試驗得知YA7-1對番茄沒有致病力，且預先接種於根部時，可降低土壤中農桿菌誘導腫瘤的機率。測試YA7-1對其他植物病菌及非病原微生物的抑制效果，發現YA7-1具有廣效性的抑菌能力。藉由分析培養液上清夜的實驗可得知YA7-1的抑菌因子為分泌物質。完成YA7-1全基因體定序後，找到四種可能被YA7-1分泌且具有抑制性的次級代謝物。未來將繼續找尋YA7-1的抑菌物質與機制，來完善對根癌農桿菌或其他植物病原菌的生物防治。

Staphylococcus aureus is addressed as one of the most common pathogens in hospital settings and in the community. This pathogen causes invasive infections, sepsis, and death. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is due to bacterial mutations and the use of antibiotic drugs that are not by procedures. Resistance makes MRSA infections difficult to treat, resulting in high healthcare costs. These problems lead to an urgent need to find alternative drugs to control MRSA infection. Therefore, developing new drugs and procedures such as antibacterial nanoparticles, are particularly promising. Indonesia has many medicinal plants with antibiotic activity, including Moringa oleifera. Moringa oleifera contains several active compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, and saponins which are known to have antibiotic activity. Silver nanoparticles or AgNPs are currently used as antimicrobial agents because they are toxic to prokaryotic cells (bacteria) but relatively safe for eukaryotic cells. AgNP synthesis mediated by M. oleifera extract has the advantages of being non-toxic, pollution-free, and environmentally friendly. Sisal is a potential source of naturally derived fabric and a prospective source of multifunctional textiles. Recent studies have utilized and functionalized sisal to develop composite materials. However, functionalizing of sisal using nanosilver-based materials has not been studied yet. Bioactive chemicals from plant-extracted nanoparticles also provide additional antimicrobial properties. This study aims to produce AgNPs mediated by M. oleifera leaf extract and to analyze its antimicrobial effect on MRSA growth. The powdered Moringa (4g) was boiled with 100 ml of distilled water (550 C) for 15 minutes. The mixture was filtered through Whatman No 1 filter paper and store refrigerated. The nanoparticle was synthesized by rinsing sisal fabric cloth to several concentrations of AgNO3 (1mM, 10mM, and 20mM) with Moringa extract. Nanoparticle synthesis from AgNO3 done with the help of Moringa oleifera extract. The resulting AgNPs have MIC values (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) and MBC (Minimum Bacteriocidal Concentration) of 1.25 mg/ml. The resulting silver nanoparticles showed antibiotic activity against MRSA with an average inhibition zone diameter of 15.677 mm. XRD and SEM studies are going to be held to support the data.

本研究源於 2016 年數學雜誌 Crux Mathematicorum 的三角形定性問題[1]，我們將這個問題由四個方向進行推廣——多邊形邊數、頂點連線方式、等腰三角形角度、全等多邊形的夾角，再創新探討其定量與定性性質。首先，我們將任意全等的三角形與任意四邊形夾角為任意實數下的衍伸圖形之定量與定性性質進行完整刻劃，利用測量師公式分別針對不同連線情形下的兩個衍伸圖形的有向面積之和與有向面積之差進行完整討論，再巧妙利用平移不變性處理行列式級數和而給出面積不變量關係式。第二，透過向量、矩陣運算與純幾何方式探討面積不變量的幾何意義，並給出衍伸圖形之間的全等、相似、透視、對稱、共線、平行、退化等優美的定性性質。最後，我們系統性推廣到平面上任意封閉多邊形，嘗試以較高的觀點切入，透過矩陣變換給出其幾何結構，並且發現許多實質有趣的定性與定量統一結果。

The surgical mask has been our daily companion since the outbreak of the Corona pandemic. The nonwovens (outer layers, not the filter membrane) from which the surgical mask is constructed consist of very long and thin polypropylene fibers. This leads to the question of whether microplastics are released during breathing through the surgical mask, which could enter the respiratory tract or the lungs. This would have a negative impact on our health, depending on the size of the detached fiber fragments - the smaller the worse because they can enter much deeper in our respiratory tract. In order to investigate the question of whether fiber fragments are released during breathing through a surgical mask, a filtration device was built. The filters were examined under an optical microscope after filtration. If fiber fragments would detach from the surgical mask, they would be found on the filter. Different surgical masks were tested, those that were not worn at all to surgical masks that were worn all day. It was found that fiber fragments were coming off the surgical masks. There were different fiber fragment types. Some fiber fragments were still undamaged (exhibited nice fractures), while others were frayed. Clump-like fragments occurred, but also smaller fine fiber fragments. All these different fiber fragments had a certain size, so that they could be called microplastics. The remarkable result of the whole study is that there is a direct correlation between the wearing time of the surgical mask and the number of detaching fiber fragments. In the case of the unworn surgical masks, 10 times fewer fiber fragments occurred during filtration than in the case of the surgical masks that were worn all day.

Z字型路徑是一個由圓上一些點同時以特定角度連結成一組弦線段所構成之路徑。本研究主要在於探討Z字型路徑之兩類弦線段長度的冪次方等量關係，和它將該圓分割成兩個區域面積的等量關係。本研究結果如下，在長度關係方面，當圓上的點為奇數個時，則弦線段長度的平方和具有等量關係。而當圓上的點為偶數個時，弦線段長度的一次方和具有等量關係。在面積關係上，當圓上的點為奇數個時，則此路徑將圓分割成兩個區域面積也具有等量關係。此外，本研究之進階研究結果發現，長度的高次方和具有等量關係之條件與圓上點個數相關。

遭遇強風是纜車停駛的條件之一，然而我們認為當低於停駛標準的陣風與纜車產生共振時，更會使纜車產生擺動造成危險。因此我們參考真實纜車的比例，製作出模型探討不同頻率及速度陣風對纜車造成的影響。我們發現即使風速未達停駛標準，但當其頻率與纜車接近時，即會發生共振並產生將近 30度的擺角、強度相較持續風吹拂增加 60分貝。 為了減低振動，我們首先製作可調式吊臂。但因為其在實際製作上具有困難，且可能造成乘客的不適。為此我們製作了調諧質量阻尼器，當共振發生時，將砝碼透過伺服馬達放下，使纜車的振動傳導至垂下的擺減緩振動。結果顯示阻尼器能將振動減低 10分貝，最佳的組別甚至有 16分貝的減振效果，能將擺角減低至小於 2度。期望將來能將系統自動化，在纜車遭遇陣風時自動調變阻尼器，抑制振動。

深海複雜多變的環境因子塑造了多樣的生態棲地，海底峽谷便是其中之一。全球9000個海底峽谷涵蓋了大陸斜坡總面積的11.2%，其中有6個峽谷分佈在臺灣西南海域。本研究結合作者出海採得的樣本與國內海洋研究所的採樣資料，探究西南海域高屏與枋寮峽谷的生態結構。 本研究應用生態統計分析，發現兩峽谷的主要差異為沉積物來源、粒徑分佈與物理性擾動強度不同，使兩峽谷的生物密度隨深度變化趨勢截然相反，生物組成亦存在顯著差異。接著藉由建立模型分析，驗證環境擾動與食物量為形塑區域性生態結構的主導因素，結果發現環境擾動對生物的影響幅度大於食物量，並討論了峽谷地形作為天然實驗室的潛力及未來研究發展。

由於經濟需求，人們對於農藥的使用量增加，若善後工作處理不當，易使汙染落入環境中，造成生態汙染及食安疑慮，因此本研究製作二硫化鉬奈米片作為選擇性的二維吸附材料，在過程中產生結構上的缺陷，進行化學反應吸附環境中的毒性硫化物。並使其摻混於氣凝膠中，應用於水溶液中去除常見的農藥—得恩地。 透過合成以二硫化鉬為基材的氣凝膠，在定溫定壓及pH值範圍恆定的前提下，我們分別以吸附時間、起始濃度作為操作變因，研究其奈米級二維材料與其氣凝膠之移除率、最大吸附量和恆溫吸附模式，並與活性碳比較後，發現二硫化鉬奈米片具有特異性之有效吸附，氣凝膠易於回收並可增進其吸附量之優勢，進而達到去除汙染物的目的。

Helping in overcoming the motion disorders is an important thing which deserve striving for. Every year number of people who have MS or paresis (paraparesis) is increasing. The device has effective results for the patients and it backs to finding the conditions of natural treatments in the device. Obviously, this device helps them to keep standing and achieve the required exercises the movement like normal people by using their hands. The degree of improvement differs from person to another as depends on the hardness of the disease and injury kind.