本研究探討乙醇水溶液液滴於疏水流體表面之分裂現象。此現象可利用揮發造成乙醇之濃度梯度所驅動的表面張力梯度來解釋，此現象又稱為馬倫哥尼效應(Marangoni Effect)。液體為達到最低表面能而改變表面積的普托瑞立不穩定現象(Plateau Rayleigh Instability)也可以做為液滴分裂的解釋之一。 在研究中，研究團隊發現溶液在油面上會隨時間分裂出子液滴，並對於最終子液滴的半徑與分裂現象分別進行定量與定性之探討。本研究於先遣實驗中發現乙醇水溶液濃度之臨界下限為65%~67%重量百分濃度，並以大於(含)此濃度之溶液進行關於乙醇濃度、溶液體積與油層厚度、油層黏度四項參數對於最終子液滴半徑、分裂時間、液滴最大擴散半徑與擴散半徑演變之影響，也針對與參考文獻所選用液體不同深入探討異丙醇與乙醇的蒸發速率的差異如何影響實驗結果。

「零元效應」所指的是消費者面對同類性質之高低價兩商品，當低價商品從原價降至零元，而高價商品同時等量降價時，消費者對低價商品之偏好將顯著增加，並且因確定性效應、損失規避及稟賦效應造成。研究目的驗證零元效應的強度與成因，設計實驗零元效應於不同消費領域、族群是否皆成立；設計兩種商品，A為高品質高價位，B為低品質低價位，兩種定價情況，定價情況1，A商品為A元，B商品為B元，定價情況2，A商品為A-B元，B商品為B-B元（零元）。實驗結果使用Wilcoxon 等級和檢定，以需求光譜進行分析，並與 Dan Ariely (2007) 實驗結果進行比較，發現其差異不大；結果發現受試者身分不影響零元效應存在，除「必需品」外，其他品項皆存在零元效應，並且發現零元效應的強度受需求強度影響，若需求越強，零元效應將越弱。需求遂受試者環境影響改變，故不同國家將有不同結果。

As part of the European project GEOTHERMICA - ERA NET and in order to assess the capacity of heat storage in Switzerland, the Centre d'Hydrogéologie et de Géothermie de l'Université de Neuchâtel (CHYN) is taking part in the HEATSTORE project, launched in 2018. The latter is expected to lead to commercial heat storage projects in the near future in Geneva and Bern, in fractured aquifers. The evaluation of the geological characteristics of these aquifers is essential to understand the thermal energy transport processes of fractured aquifers. For this, it is necessary to be able to measure the temperature distribution along boreholes. Thus, the study focuses on the evaluation of a distributed temperature system (DTS) and its optical fiber in order to determine its operation, limits and potential for use in geothermal energy. Laboratory and field tests have been carried out that the water temperature deviation measurements, with a scan time of 30 s, are reliable at less than 0.5°C at +/-5 m over 500 m of fiber. For absolute temperature values, however, a bath and a reference probe must be used to recalculate the absolute temperature to within 0.5°C. The acquired data are essential for a broader understanding of the locations of fractured and karstified aquifers at Concise, allowing the system to be used to better understand the potential for water storage at a depth of 45°C at 35 m.

The WHO reports 2.2 billion people internationally have a form of visual impairment, with Perkins School of Blind adding that 4 to 8 percent (8.8 - 17.6 million people) solely rely on a white cane for navigation. In an interview by Stephen Yin for NPR, visually impaired interviewees claimed that a white cane was ineffective as it failed to detect moving obstacles (ex. bikes), aerial obstacles (ex. falling objects), and it became physically demanding after a prolonged period. This problem can be solved with a headset that integrates LiDAR technology and haptic feedback to provide a real-time assessment of their environment. Theoretically, the device will determine how far an object is from the user and place it into one of three conditionals based on distance (0- 290mm, 310-500mm, 510-1200mm). As the user gets closer to the object, the haptic will vibrate more frequently. The device has 11 LIDAR sensors, beetle processors, and ERM motors so that when the LiDAR detects an object, the device will send a haptic signal in that area. It not only identifies the existence of an object but it tells the user its relative position with a latency period of approximately 2 milliseconds. When testing the device, a simulated walking environment was made. Ten obstacles were included: five below the waist (72”, 28”, 35” and 8.5” tall sticks) and five above the waist (paper suspended 6”, 10”, 48” and 28” from the ceiling). The white cane detected 4.1 obstacles, whereas the device detected 7.3 on average. The LiDAR navigation system is 178% more effective at detecting objects comparatively. Visually impaired individuals no longer must rely on the white cane; rather, using this device, they can detect small, moving, and aerial objects at a much faster, and more accurate speed.

Lower limb amputations affect about 28.9 million people worldwide, influencing normal human functions, we are developing a conscious brain mind-controlled Cybonthitic cyborg bionic-leg to provide a professional solution for this problem, which is classified as restricted knee movement, short-term solution, limited pressure bearing, unspecific analog reading of EMG; Because the output voltage measured in nano-volts, resulting in unspecific knee movement. The functionality of these modern gadgets is still limited due to a lack of neuromuscular control (i.e. For movement creation, control relies on human efferent neural signals to peripheral muscles). Electromyographic (EMG) or myoelectric signals are neuromuscular control signals that can be recorded from muscles for our engineering goals. We worked on a sophisticated prosthetic knee design with a 100-degree angle of motion. We also used a specific type of coiled spring to absorb abrupt or unexpected motion force. In addition, we amplified the EMG output from (Nano-Voltage) to (Milli-Voltage) using customized instrumentation amplifiers (operational amplifiers). We used a full-wave rectifier to convert AC to DC, as a consequence of these procedures, sine-wave output voltage measures in millivolts, and the spring constant indicates the most force for every 1cm. Von mises Stress analysis shows bearing as 3000N is the maximum load for the design. Detecting the edge of a stairwell using the first derivative. The benefit of a system that controls the prosthetic limb is activated by the patient’s own EMG impulses, rather than sensors linked to the body.

In order to recycle disposable diapers, we investigated the conditions where sodium sesquicarbonate (Chemical formula Na2CO3・ NaHCO3・ 2H2O hereinafter called sesqui) precipitates selectively from sodium carbonate and the conditions for high yield. For the selective precipitation of sesqui, we defined the time required for the reaction solution to pass through the sesqui precipitation area in the Na2CO3-NaHCO3-H2O phase diagram (45°C) as Δ t. As a result, we revealed that Δt is involved in the selective precipitation of sesqui, and that we can synthesize sesqui without the expensive addition of L-Arginine as used in a previous research. Also, we proposed the “Stay method”, in which the supply of CO2 is stopped for 30 minutes to the lengthen the Δ t, and found that we could synthesize sesqui selectively even under conditions in which sodium bicarbonate is likely to be precipitated as well. Regarding the high yield of sesqui, the yield was greatly improved by the common ion effect of Na by adding NaOH to the reaction solution, sesqui synthesis by repeated reactions with CO2, and sesqui recovery by adding the anti-solvent ethanol, reaching a sesqui conversion rate of 95%. This means 109 g of sesqui can be synthesized from 100 g of Na2CO3. Moreover, we confirmed that these synthesized samples have almost the same detergency as commercial sesqui. We did a test calculation to reveal the usefulness of this research. First, if diaper recycling technology is put into practical use and all used diaper waste in Saijo City can be recycled, a reduction of 534 t/year of used diaper waste can be expected. This corresponds to a 2.3% reduction in Saijo City's waste output. From the ash that would ultimately remain after being recycled, we expect up to 35.3 t/year of synthesized sesqui using our experimental method. In addition, a CO2 reduction of 8.2 t/year is possible in the process, which is about equivalent to the volume of one gymnasium.

I first found out about the Young Scientist competition last year, in 2021. I thought it was an interesting and challenging opportunity; something that could take students out of their comfort zone. I researched for some inspiration online and found a website with all the different types of project ideas. While reading about the experiments, I stumbled upon a project relating the music to bacterial growth. It sounded ridiculous at first, but I soon realized it was the right project for me. It intertwined music and biology- form of art I’ve been involved in since the age of 9, and one of my favorite subjects and a field I want to work in in the future.

以將古文翻譯成白話文為初衷，以爬蟲擷取古文解譯網站「讀古詩詞網」中的大量古文及其白話翻譯作為訓練用的資料，並按照不同文體分開訓練。我們先嘗試用Bert模型做選擇題：給一句古文讓機器從四個選項中選出其翻譯。一開始隨機挑選其餘三個選項，正確率高達96%。因此我們挑戰更困難的設置，撰寫搜尋關鍵字的程式，將有與題目古文相同字的白話文放入選項。雖然準確率有些許降低，但仍高於只選重複字最多選項的結果，代表模型有發展出獨立的判定標準。選擇題成功後，我們用MT5 模型嘗試更困難的翻譯，並在訓練集中新增提供不同前後文的注釋資料幫助訓練。雖然還無法翻得非常準確，但仍在某些句子有不錯的表現。我們也發現了模型對某些特定類型字詞的翻譯有待加強，未來希望透過加強代名詞判斷訓練及持續新增注釋來增加整體翻譯能力。

本實驗主要將PLA塑膠產品以水解降解、光降解方式形成小分子乳酸單體或其寡聚物，作為燃料電池之燃料，使其再循環產生能量，減少塑膠產品對環境之汙染。PLA降解之方法，可將PLA浸泡於低濃度氫氧化鈉溶液或照射UV光進行前處理再置入乙醇中，或直接放入高濃度氫氧化鈉中並加熱將其迅速降解，後者可於5分鐘內將市售PLA產品完全降解。以上述PLA降解溶液作為燃料電池之燃料，同時以自製氧氣供應裝置提供氧氣，作為電池兩極。電極為鍍鉑鎳鉻絲，電解液為0.7M氫氧化鈉溶液，電壓可達0.85V。PLA雖為生物可分解性塑膠，現今仍主要以燃燒方式處理，此迅速降解PLA之方法可解決目前使用後處理之困境。同時本實驗為首次利用乳酸作為化學燃料電池之燃料，並成功使其產生電力，此研究可提供PLA塑膠分解與利用之新思維。

In our experiment, we used traditional Chinese medicine to dye on cheap wood, in addition to avoiding the impact of chemical paint on human body; After dyeing, the color and texture quality of the wood are improved, which makes cheap wood have higher price and improves the value of wood; At the same time, it can reduce the felling of slow growing precious wood, which has the functions of environmental protection, earth love and carbon saving. The test material was pretreated with hydrogen peroxide and surfactant, and the bleaching effect was obvious. After dyed with different Chinese medicinal, soak in strong acid and alkali solution for 15 minutes, which shows that strong acid and acid treatment is not allowed. On the other hand, after 15 minutes of immersion in detergent, the color difference value is less than 2, and the rubbing fastness is above grade 4. In the bacteriostasis experiment, no fungus grew in the first 3 days, and it did not grow in the 12th day. In the anti-termite experiment, the mortality rate on the fifth day was 65% for Lithospermum and 83.8% for Wolfberry, and the other groups had a good effect of total elimination. While plastic products have a great impact on the environment, wood that is dyed or modified with natural colored dye, its environmental value far exceeds the human visual perception.