全國中小學科展

2023年

以深度學習進行心音及高血壓關聯性之研究

2019年衛生福利部死因統計資料顯示和高血壓有高度相關的心臟疾病、腦血管疾病和高血壓性疾病皆在十大死因之列[15]。本研究提出以深度學習對心跳聲的時序頻譜圖進行訓練與分析的研究方法,應用此方法我們能以Convolution Neural Network(CNN)模型從受測者心跳聲預測出其血壓層級。CNN一般用於圖像分類,但在此研究中我們以此來分析心跳聲。本研究發現利用僅萃取第二心音的資料庫訓練效果較佳,並透過熱圖分析注意到模型對特定頻率域較為重視,在後續實驗中更進一步發現0~200 Hz和400~600 Hz在判斷高血壓時扮演重要角色。同時,我們也成功應用此方法,區分出長期高血壓和運動高血壓,證明心血管的結構改變在時序頻譜圖上有對應特徵。若應用於穿戴型裝置持續監控心跳聲,就能隨時追蹤使用者的血壓層級的變化,有異常便能盡早就醫,避免憾事發生。

Two Klatovy copies of Šimon Brixi's Domine ad Ad juvandum me festina and his time

The main goal of this paper was a creation of musical score for the composition from the 18th century Domine ad Ad juvandum in A minor and C major composed by Šimon Brixi. Another goal was finding as much information as possible related to this composition and summarize everything possible that was written previously. Separate parts were transcribed into one partiture. Nevertheless there were difficulties like mistakes in sheet music (corrected according to harmony of other voices), missing beats (replaced by identical parts of score), differences in period station. Hard times also bring on differences of period notation. The resulting musical scores can be directly used for music production, which is schemed for the next year. The second part was researching new or never-published information related to these compositions. Here I describe Š. Brixi´s life. I managed to read out the cause of Šimon Brixi death in a chronicle, which was not in the publication I found. Brixi died of tuberculosis like his son. Transcriptors, J.V.Flaška and J.J.Hoffman, are also mentioned. Lastly the information about sheet music itself and its historical context were described. Another discovery was an identification of watermark on sheet music paper. Assuming the sheet music is truly transcribed in 1742 the Kolinec paper mill watermark on the sheet music paper is the oldest evidence of its use. In this paper I summarized the historical context of the baroque era including social life, art and culture.I mentioned the most important events that were crucial for historical development in Bohemia and especially in the Klatovy region. This context can be useful for today’s musicians who want to understand the historical background and express the composition with full respect to the time of its creation.

朽木生花-初探以中藥萃取液對木材染色之防蟲抑菌效果

In our experiment, we used traditional Chinese medicine to dye on cheap wood, in addition to avoiding the impact of chemical paint on human body; After dyeing, the color and texture quality of the wood are improved, which makes cheap wood have higher price and improves the value of wood; At the same time, it can reduce the felling of slow growing precious wood, which has the functions of environmental protection, earth love and carbon saving. The test material was pretreated with hydrogen peroxide and surfactant, and the bleaching effect was obvious. After dyed with different Chinese medicinal, soak in strong acid and alkali solution for 15 minutes, which shows that strong acid and acid treatment is not allowed. On the other hand, after 15 minutes of immersion in detergent, the color difference value is less than 2, and the rubbing fastness is above grade 4. In the bacteriostasis experiment, no fungus grew in the first 3 days, and it did not grow in the 12th day. In the anti-termite experiment, the mortality rate on the fifth day was 65% for Lithospermum and 83.8% for Wolfberry, and the other groups had a good effect of total elimination. While plastic products have a great impact on the environment, wood that is dyed or modified with natural colored dye, its environmental value far exceeds the human visual perception.

白花蛇舌草免疫抗癌新機轉及活性物質分析

白花蛇舌草是中醫常使用的抗癌中藥,本研究主要探究白花蛇舌草治療大腸癌的可能效應、機轉及活性物質。本研究利用大腸癌動物實驗搭配次世代基因定序,期望發現白花蛇舌草的新穎免疫抗癌標靶,並利用氣相層析質譜儀搭配新穎免疫抗癌標靶分子對接,分析主要的活性物質。結果顯示,白花蛇舌草可以減少小鼠結直腸增生組織的數量及大小,將被影響的基因進行生物資訊程式分析,發現白花蛇舌草會干擾與免疫細胞趨化有關的基因群組以及與上皮細胞增生有關的白細胞介質IL-17訊息路徑,而且存在於白花蛇舌草的阿魏酸可以阻斷IL-17與IL-17受體的結合,減緩小鼠的大腸直腸癌。本研究將古老知識透過現代科學證實有用,呈現與發炎或與上皮細胞增生有關的細胞激素可以作為免疫抗癌標靶,也發現白花蛇舌草的免疫抗癌新機制,並由免疫抗癌新機轉成功求證白花蛇舌草的主要活性物質。

Analysis of lncRNA, miRNA , mRNA-associated ceRNA networks include in promoting glioma cancer

The ceRNAs as a class of RNAs act by competitively binding to miRNAs and limiting their regulatory effect on the target genes. Increasing evidences point to the role of ceRNAs in glioma cancer. So far, limited studies have been reported on the role of ceRNA in the development in glioma cancer. In this study, we have analyzed online RNA sequencing data in order to predict the ceRNAs which are putative regulators of in glioma cancer.

探討實際執行、動作心像、動作觀察與鏡像動作時之腦部活化情形

本研究以功能性近紅外光頻譜儀,探討雙側主要運動皮質(M1)、前運動皮質(PMC)及聯合動作皮質(SMA)等動作相關腦區,以實際執行(ME)、動作心像(MI)、動作觀察(MO)及鏡像動作(MVF)等模式執行上肢功能性前伸動作(Arm reaching)時,腦部之活化情形。研究結果發現「實際執行」、「動作心像」與「鏡像動作」執行時,動作相關腦區皆顯著活化,包含M1、SMA及PMC。且可觀察到執行「動作心像」、「鏡像動作」時之大腦活化模式與「實際執行」呈現相同趨勢。此結果可應用於臨床復健訓練中,對於上肢偏癱患者(如中風患者),建議使用「鏡像動作」模式訓練,而對於雙側皆有動作障礙之患者(如頸部脊髓損傷),可使用「動作心像」作為替代治療。

Synthesis of Substituted Pyrrolidin-2-ones and Isoindolines from Donor-Acceptor Cyclopropanes and Anilines/Benzylamines

The development of rapid and efficient synthetic approaches to the bioactive cyclic and polycyclic azaheterocycles is one of the most important challenges in organic synthesis. In this work effective and simple synthetic approaches to polysubstituted pyrrolidin-2-ones 2 and isoindolines 3 from donor-acceptor cyclopropanes 1, bearing the ester group as the one of acceptor substituents, and amines were developed. The γ- pyrrolidone based skeletons and isoindoline ring system is a constituent of many biologically active molecules, both natural and synthetic, and a key component of clinically relevant entities (Fig.1,2) [1,2]. The synthesis of pyrrolidin-2-ones 2 includes Lewis acid-catalyzed opening of the donor-acceptor cyclopropane with primary amines (anilines, benzylamines, etc.) to γ-amino esters, followed by in situ lactamization and dealkoxycarbonylation. The reaction has a broad scope of applicability; a variety of substituted anilines, benzylamines, and other primary amines as well as a wide diversity of donor-acceptor cyclopropanes bearing (hetero)aromatic or alkenyl donor groups and various acceptor substituents, can be involved in this transformation. In this process, donor-acceptor cyclopropanes react as 1,4-C,C-dielectrophiles, and amines as 1,1- dinucleophiles. The resulting di- and trisubstituted pyrrolidin-2-ones can be also used in subsequent chemistry to obtain various nitrogen-containing polycyclic compounds of interest to medicinal chemistry and pharmacology, such as benz[g]indolizidine derivatives. The synthesis of the substituted isoindolines 3 is based on the domino-reaction between donor-acceptor cyclopropanes, bearing in ortho-position of aromatic substituent a bromomethyl group, and different primary amines (e.g., anilines, benzylamines, cycloalkylamines) was developed. The reaction involves the generation of secondary amine followed by nucleophilic ring opening of cyclopropane with amino group. Moreover, this process provided a new practical method for the rapid synthesis of benzo[b]pyrrolizidinone 4 from readily available starting materials.

液滴爆炸

本研究探討乙醇水溶液液滴於疏水流體表面之分裂現象。此現象可利用揮發造成乙醇之濃度梯度所驅動的表面張力梯度來解釋,此現象又稱為馬倫哥尼效應(Marangoni Effect)。液體為達到最低表面能而改變表面積的普托瑞立不穩定現象(Plateau Rayleigh Instability)也可以做為液滴分裂的解釋之一。 在研究中,研究團隊發現溶液在油面上會隨時間分裂出子液滴,並對於最終子液滴的半徑與分裂現象分別進行定量與定性之探討。本研究於先遣實驗中發現乙醇水溶液濃度之臨界下限為65%~67%重量百分濃度,並以大於(含)此濃度之溶液進行關於乙醇濃度、溶液體積與油層厚度、油層黏度四項參數對於最終子液滴半徑、分裂時間、液滴最大擴散半徑與擴散半徑演變之影響,也針對與參考文獻所選用液體不同深入探討異丙醇與乙醇的蒸發速率的差異如何影響實驗結果。

原薯蕷皂苷對腎臟癌細胞的影響

癌症治療多半會傷害到人體的健康,所以國民大多較偏好以較養生的方法來治療癌症,例如中藥。本實驗以山藥萃取物原薯蕷皂苷抑制腎癌細胞 A498 及 786-O ,期望能達抑制腎臟癌細胞增生之目的。 實驗方法包括以 MTT 試驗、細胞菌落試驗來觀測腎癌細胞受原薯蕷皂苷作用後的活性及存活量,再透過西方墨點法及流式細胞儀來了解腎臟癌細胞死亡途徑。實驗結果顯示將原薯蕷皂苷抑制人類腎癌細胞株786-O及A498的增生能力具有抑制的能力。再透過流式細胞儀的分析,顯示原屬蕷皂苷可誘發兩種腎臟癌細胞的凋亡作用,並且透過西方墨點法觀察出是抑制Bcl-2蛋白、增加Bax蛋白和caspase-9/PARP蛋白的表現,進而導致腎臟癌細胞株產生細胞凋亡。 本研究是在實驗室中進行,且只是利用細胞株來觀測此項研究結果。或許未來可以透動物實驗以及臨床實驗,確認原薯蕷皂苷抗癌之功效,並推廣至全球以造福全人類之健康。

全無機 CsPbBr3鈣鈦礦量⼦點與其⼆價陽離⼦摻雜之光學特性、穩定性與噴墨列印應⽤之研究

本研究提出一款新型硫化氫偵測之螢光探針,我們選用BTIC作為探針螢光主結構並藉由修飾上疊氮達成偵測硫化氫之目的。帶入設計上,利用PPH3形成與粒線體的電位差使其將探針帶進粒線體,最終進行粒線體內硫化氫之偵測與顯影。 目前本實驗已合成出螢光探針基本結構與側鍊結構,並初步檢測探針對於硫化氫的偵測能力,確認其能夠與之反應並有顯著螢光變化。另外,目前已成功接上側鍊,待純化出目標產物後將進行進一步的性質檢測,包括選擇性、靈敏性、及持久性。 最後,我們預計將探針實際進行生物顯影,做多個結構顯影的比對,確認本研究之成效。此外,我們希望此款螢光探針除硫化氫偵測外,還能夠進行生物機制探討或疾病細胞篩選的應用。