2023年

The Aedes aegypti mosquito is one of the main transmitters of viral diseases in countries close to the equator. This vector promotes a series of generalized endemics that are difficult to control and prevent in these regions. Furthermore, the presence of bacteria in the environment favors the proliferation of mosquito larvae, which increases the probability of Aedes aegypti reproductive success. The Araçzeiro (Psidium guineense Sw.) is a plant present throughout the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and has in its composition, especially in the leaves, several substances that can be used to solve problems. Thus, we sought to verify the activity of flavonoids and polyphenols in terms of their antibacterial potential and the performance of saponins in their larvicidal potential, as well as surfactant, in order to prevent the accommodation of the mosquito in the water at the time of egg deposition and larvae respiration. The saponins were extracted from the araçazeiro leaf using a hydroalcoholic solvent and the flavonoids/polyphenols using methanol, the latter being subsequently rotaevaporated to maintain the non-toxic nature of the extract. Through the aqueous extracts, the content of total saponins by UV-VIS spectrophotometry, surfactant activity, larvicidal activity and toxicity were determined. In relation to the ethanolic extracts, the content of polyphenols and total flavonoids by UV-VIS spectrophotometry and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), antibacterial activity and toxicity were determined. The results showed that the aqueous extract has a satisfactory amount of saponins, as well as a surfactant potential due to the formation of foam and larvicidal activity in the two highest concentrations of the extracts. Ethanol extracts showed phenolic acids, especially gallic and ellagic acid, and flavonoids, especially catechin and quercetin, and antibacterial activity in most of the worked concentrations. Both extracts (aqueous and ethanolic) showed a dominant nontoxic character, which favors their use without risk to the environment, having an alternative and sustainable potential for controlling the proliferation of the Aedes aegypti mosquito.

「零元效應」所指的是消費者面對同類性質之高低價兩商品，當低價商品從原價降至零元，而高價商品同時等量降價時，消費者對低價商品之偏好將顯著增加，並且因確定性效應、損失規避及稟賦效應造成。研究目的驗證零元效應的強度與成因，設計實驗零元效應於不同消費領域、族群是否皆成立；設計兩種商品，A為高品質高價位，B為低品質低價位，兩種定價情況，定價情況1，A商品為A元，B商品為B元，定價情況2，A商品為A-B元，B商品為B-B元（零元）。實驗結果使用Wilcoxon 等級和檢定，以需求光譜進行分析，並與 Dan Ariely (2007) 實驗結果進行比較，發現其差異不大；結果發現受試者身分不影響零元效應存在，除「必需品」外，其他品項皆存在零元效應，並且發現零元效應的強度受需求強度影響，若需求越強，零元效應將越弱。需求遂受試者環境影響改變，故不同國家將有不同結果。

本實驗應用3D列印及機械機構設計簡諧運動機制，使懸臂梁（以鋁尺構成）與聚乙烯醇及水混合之黏性物質碰撞，以雷射位移計觀察和測量鋁尺振動波形的振幅，探討其週期振動。 實驗中，調整聚乙烯醇與水的混合比例改變其黏滯度，以單自由度運動方程式探討鋁尺於不同黏滯度下的運動行為，發現鋁尺黏滯時間、脫離黏膠的速度與聚乙烯醇的濃度呈正相關，代表可利用量測黏滯時間、脫離黏膠的速度推測物質的濃度。加速度因同時受時間、速度影響，不與聚乙烯醇濃度呈正相關。另外，以黏度計測量不同溫度、聚乙烯醇溶液濃度下的黏度，發現聚乙烯醇溶液在重量百分濃度15%至25%的區間中，濃度愈高、或溫度愈低的情況下，黏性愈強，且濃度高者隨溫度變化程度愈大。 此外，以快速傅立葉變換處理鋁尺在受不同黏滯度作用下的位移數據，發現位移波形為簡諧運動，其頻率由鋁尺共振的自然頻率組成，不因黏滯阻尼而改變。驅動以振動器試圖改變鋁尺振動頻率，發現鋁尺傾向振動的頻率為其自然頻率，符合以歐拉-伯努力方程式推導出的自然頻率。

Z字型路徑是一個由圓上一些點同時以特定角度連結成一組弦線段所構成之路徑。本研究主要在於探討Z字型路徑之兩類弦線段長度的冪次方等量關係，和它將該圓分割成兩個區域面積的等量關係。本研究結果如下，在長度關係方面，當圓上的點為奇數個時，則弦線段長度的平方和具有等量關係。而當圓上的點為偶數個時，弦線段長度的一次方和具有等量關係。在面積關係上，當圓上的點為奇數個時，則此路徑將圓分割成兩個區域面積也具有等量關係。此外，本研究之進階研究結果發現，長度的高次方和具有等量關係之條件與圓上點個數相關。

In our experiment, we used traditional Chinese medicine to dye on cheap wood, in addition to avoiding the impact of chemical paint on human body; After dyeing, the color and texture quality of the wood are improved, which makes cheap wood have higher price and improves the value of wood; At the same time, it can reduce the felling of slow growing precious wood, which has the functions of environmental protection, earth love and carbon saving. The test material was pretreated with hydrogen peroxide and surfactant, and the bleaching effect was obvious. After dyed with different Chinese medicinal, soak in strong acid and alkali solution for 15 minutes, which shows that strong acid and acid treatment is not allowed. On the other hand, after 15 minutes of immersion in detergent, the color difference value is less than 2, and the rubbing fastness is above grade 4. In the bacteriostasis experiment, no fungus grew in the first 3 days, and it did not grow in the 12th day. In the anti-termite experiment, the mortality rate on the fifth day was 65% for Lithospermum and 83.8% for Wolfberry, and the other groups had a good effect of total elimination. While plastic products have a great impact on the environment, wood that is dyed or modified with natural colored dye, its environmental value far exceeds the human visual perception.

癌症治療多半會傷害到人體的健康，所以國民大多較偏好以較養生的方法來治療癌症，例如中藥。本實驗以山藥萃取物原薯蕷皂苷抑制腎癌細胞 A498 及 786-O ，期望能達抑制腎臟癌細胞增生之目的。 實驗方法包括以 MTT 試驗、細胞菌落試驗來觀測腎癌細胞受原薯蕷皂苷作用後的活性及存活量，再透過西方墨點法及流式細胞儀來了解腎臟癌細胞死亡途徑。實驗結果顯示將原薯蕷皂苷抑制人類腎癌細胞株786-O及A498的增生能力具有抑制的能力。再透過流式細胞儀的分析，顯示原屬蕷皂苷可誘發兩種腎臟癌細胞的凋亡作用，並且透過西方墨點法觀察出是抑制Bcl-2蛋白、增加Bax蛋白和caspase-9/PARP蛋白的表現，進而導致腎臟癌細胞株產生細胞凋亡。 本研究是在實驗室中進行，且只是利用細胞株來觀測此項研究結果。或許未來可以透動物實驗以及臨床實驗，確認原薯蕷皂苷抗癌之功效，並推廣至全球以造福全人類之健康。

Ukraine as a whole, as well as Poltava Region in particular, have a problem with the state of atmospheric air pollution, because the vast majority of motor vehicles and industrial, energy, and mining enterprises are not equipped with proper cleaning filters. A clear confirmation of the ineffectiveness of Ukraine in matters of monitoring the condition and protection of the atmosphere, in comparison with European countries, was the scandal with the manipulation of exhausts of the Volkswagen concern (Dieselgate). Diesel engines use a catalyst with injection of a urea solution (AdBlue), or a catalytic converter built on the principle of accumulation of nitrogen oxides on a metal surface made of barium compounds . Synthetic urea in automotive catalysts transforms dangerous nitrogen oxides into harmless nitrogen and water . However, due to the software, during everyday use of the VW engines in question, this function remained disabled and the catalytic converter was simply removed. However, we see such cars, along with others, even more morally and technically outdated, on the roads of Ukraine every day. The practice of burning stubble in spring and autumn also leads to extreme consequences of air pollution. The morally outdated system of monitoring the state of the atmosphere, which has remained in Ukraine since Soviet times, is not able to show the real state of pollution, and the lack of proper control on the part of the state leads, in general, to the worsening of the situation every year. Environmental problems in the country in general, and in Poltava Oblast in particular, are the cause of the spread of cancer and high human mortality. Almost 80,000 people die of oncology in the country every year. According to 2020 data, the mortality of the population of Poltava Oblast from non-communicable diseases exceeds the average indicators for Ukraine: Ukraine – 1,597 people per 100,000 population, Poltava Oblast – 1,793 people per 100,000. Therefore, the relevance of the problem raised is extremely high, and it is necessary to start with monitoring air pollution and raising the problem at the national level, because most of the country's residents do not even know what kind of air they breathe at home and on the street.

Money drives the world and in times of crisis, money is more important than ever. Most political, economic and, as we have seen recently, health crises are accompanied by pressure on the economy. With such pressure, ordinary citizens are worried about their money, which is at risk either from inflation or from an uncertain economic outlook. In such times, some people resort to appreciating their money by investing. It is wise investments that can protect savings from inflation, or at least mitigate the effects of inflation. Investing in the stock market is among the most popular ways of investing. During the global coronavirus crisis, the number of small investors more than doubled (Galik and Brody [2022]), and in 2021, Covid (new) investors accounted for 15 % of investors in the U.S. market (Schwab [2021]). It is this phenomenon that inspired the author to write this paper. Investing in the stock market is one of the riskiest forms of investment, which means that there is a high probability of losing the originally invested capital. Some companies that allow retail investors to invest state that more than 90 % of their users lose their capital when investing in the stock market. On the other hand, investing in the stock market has one of the greatest potentials for profit. In the case of a long-term investment in index funds, for example, an average annual appreciation of between 8 % and 12 % can be expected (the average appreciation of the S&P 500, the most famous US index). However, it is necessary to wait several years for stable results. To see appreciation in a long-term portfolio, it is recommended to wait at least 12 years. This is because if a recession or a simple market correction comes, said portfolio can lose up to 50 % of its value in a year. But as history shows, markets do rise over the long term, and that is what long-term investors bet on, waiting for their capital to appreciate over time. But the market does not grow all the time. The market often changes price trends, and in some rare cases a long-term trend can reverse for up to several tens of months. This phenomenon, volatility, is attempted to be exploited by so-called speculators. A speculator is an investor who sells and buys in short periods of time and thus speculates on price movements. The speculator therefore needs a way to determine the likely behaviour of the price in the foreseeable future in order to make their trades profitable. The two main ways of analysing price behaviour are fundamental and technical analysis. And since fundamental analysis incorporates a large amount of diverse information into its predictions, this paper concentrates on working with technical analysis.

由於經濟需求，人們對於農藥的使用量增加，若善後工作處理不當，易使汙染落入環境中，造成生態汙染及食安疑慮，因此本研究製作二硫化鉬奈米片作為選擇性的二維吸附材料，在過程中產生結構上的缺陷，進行化學反應吸附環境中的毒性硫化物。並使其摻混於氣凝膠中，應用於水溶液中去除常見的農藥—得恩地。 透過合成以二硫化鉬為基材的氣凝膠，在定溫定壓及pH值範圍恆定的前提下，我們分別以吸附時間、起始濃度作為操作變因，研究其奈米級二維材料與其氣凝膠之移除率、最大吸附量和恆溫吸附模式，並與活性碳比較後，發現二硫化鉬奈米片具有特異性之有效吸附，氣凝膠易於回收並可增進其吸附量之優勢，進而達到去除汙染物的目的。

抗藥性是癌症治療時的一大阻礙。如何解決癌症的抗藥問題是十分重要的議題。過去的研究指出在肺腺癌細胞株中USP24表現量在有絲分裂期間會明顯下降，但此現象之功能仍有待釐清。在本研究中，我們發現該現象會使TRAF6表現量下降，從而使Beclin-1表現量上升，進而誘發細胞自噬。另外，我們更發現了有絲分裂期的細胞自噬有助於減少DNA碎片，達到穩定基因體的功用。此外，在與抗藥細胞株比較時發現，上述誘發細胞自噬之現象在抗藥細胞株中明顯下降。因此，我們推斷在抗藥細胞株中有絲分裂期的USP24下降變少，細胞自噬被抑制，造成基因體不穩定，最後造成抗藥性的產生。綜上所述，我們的研究不只闡明了USP24的下降在有絲分裂期間是如何誘發細胞自噬，更說明了有絲分裂時的細胞自噬有助於基因體的穩定，從而在肺癌的治療中阻止癌症抗藥性的產生。