全國中小學科展

2022年

Art Recovery through PConv (Partial Convolutions) and GLCIC (Globally and Locally Consistent Image Completion)

在生成性模型(Generative Models)中的一個主要應用就是“影像修復” (Image Inpainting) 也稱為“影像完成”(Image completion)。 影像修復經常被應用於許多影像處理,包含在生活照片中移除背景不必要的物件再回填移除後缺損的影像。 但是,或許之前的研究較多著墨於技術而非美學,至目前為止,很少有影像修復的研究著重於藝術作品的重建應用。 所以,本研究計畫提出三個新的模型來針對藝術作品做更優化的影像修復,以達到較一般處理日常照片所使用的如Places2 和ImageNet等影像修復技術在視覺上更為自然逼真的處理: 第一種模型是PConv (Partial Convolutions),它利用部分旋積(partial convolution) 來避免一般由於遮蔽區域中畫素起始值設定而常見的影像模糊問題。 第二種模型是GLCIC (Globally and Locally Consistent Image Completion),是一種以GAN (Generative Adversarial Network) 為基礎,進一步在全域鑑別器 (global discriminator) 之上,再建構一個區域性鑑別器(local discriminator),以確保在整體畫面與細部畫面的合理與一致性的方法。 最後一個模型是一個在本研究中所提出的全新、整合性的模型–PConv-GAN。 在這個創新的模型中,我們將GLCIC模型中常用於旋積過程中”補零”(zero padding) 的手法,以PConv模型中部分旋積的方式來取代。最後我們會利用一系列的印象派畫作為例,以L1 loss 和PSNR (peak signal-to-noise ratio) 兩種方法來評估這三個模型。

以磁性Fe3O4分離微塑膠的成效與機制探討

微塑膠因為其密度小、表面積大之特性可吸附有害物質,並傳播至各地,而對人體和環境造成危害,故回收微塑膠是科學家研究的重要主題。本實驗發現:在中性50 mL水樣品中回收以砂紙磨製的微塑膠時,加入0.050克的Fe3O4和1~2 mL乙酸乙酯或正己烷後,微塑膠、有機溶劑和Fe3O4可互相吸附,再用磁鐵將三者同時吸出而與水分離,可達到清除微塑膠的效果,不同微塑膠(PP、PET、HDPE和PETG)的清除效果皆可高於89%以上。 而在中性的50 mL水樣品中,回收較大顆粒之微塑膠(顆粒大小介於0.500 mm~2.380 mm)時,加入微塑膠0.5克、水50 mL、0.5克Fe3O4¬和不等量正己烷時,會有不同回收效果,但普遍以不加入正己烷,微塑膠(PP、HDPE、LDPE和PS)回收效果最佳,皆約85%以上。 推測此清除機制為微塑膠可吸附有機溶劑,有機溶劑可吸附Fe3O4,三者混合後即可用磁鐵以磁力將此混合物和水樣分離,達到清除微塑膠的效果。但當為塑膠顆粒較大、重量較大時,則會停留在有機層中,反而難以用磁鐵分開,故以Fe3O4即可達到回收微塑膠的效果。

車用開門快速預警裝置

由於台灣汽、機車數量逐年攀升,且人口密度高、道路窄小和停車位不足,使得人、車爭道和兩車併排等現象層出不窮,導致汽車駕駛人或乘客在開啟車門時,未注意後方來車造成碰撞的傷亡事故屢屢發生。有鑑於開啟車門不當事故頻繁,本研究提出一個基於達靈頓電路(Darlington Circuit)的快速且成本低之車門開啟預警系統,當汽車駕駛人或乘客碰觸車門內把手內側的軟式觸控薄膜開關時,系統即會啟動欲開啟車門側的門外警示燈和車後方向燈光閃爍,以提早預警行人或機車騎士,同時,汽車A柱內的警示燈、蜂鳴器會同步閃爍和鳴響,以提醒汽車駕駛人或乘客注意後方車輛避免碰撞,保障用路人安全。

創新散熱系統-致冷晶片於電腦中的應用

1.手機及筆電已成不可或缺生活用品。但,若其充電器如果充電時間太久,可能會因為本身過熱而造成充電完畢要取回時,造成手部的燙傷。因為有此生活經驗,想改善充電器等高溫設備的散熱。 2.本研究探討電腦CPU上如果加上致冷晶片,如何加速散熱,增加使用安全外也進而提高電腦效能。 3.以電腦主機為實驗的操作器材,探究研發該散熱系統,並做為以後其他需要散熱的結構基礎,作為加速散熱的要件。目前致冷晶片在兩面溫差超越20°C時,可以使致冷晶片產生電能,接上微型馬達後,得以驅動,並產生對流散熱。 4.目前有關致冷晶片的實驗中,多數是使用致冷晶片和帕爾帖效應的關係,以通入電能使晶片兩面產生溫差。而本研究將採賽貝克效應做基礎,來探討新式散熱解決方案,使CPU產生的熱轉換成可以驅動微型馬達的電能。

利用虛擬篩選LpxC抑制劑的方式找出對抗多重抗藥性綠膿桿菌的新療法

多重抗藥性(MDR)細菌已經在全世界的範圍內成為了一個重大威脅,而像是多重抗藥性的綠膿桿菌就是其中一種對大多數療法有抵抗力的病原體。在目前的治療方案無效之前,有必要開發出一種新型機制的抗生素能夠作為對抗的手段。我們通過電腦虛擬篩選的方式,並用一個脂多糖脂質A (LipidA)生合成路徑的關鍵蛋白,LpxC,作為篩選的對象。在我們的第一次預測中,ZINC000001587011 (brequinar) 具有較低的結合能和較高的生物利用度。但由於其較高的cLogP值,使我們對其進行了官能團修飾,以期能有所改善。最後,我們在所有衍生物中找到了N11,有最大的潛力能做為抗綠膿桿菌的藥物前驅物。

Introduction of Omed-Omedan Tradition Through Augmented Reality-Based Card Games To Increase The Love of Local Culture

This research is motivated by the differences in the people's perceptions, mainly youth about the omed-omedan tradition. The difference is that many people think that the omed-omedan tradition violates the norms of decency and is also called the pornography tradition. The purpose of this study is to, 1) describe the mechanism of applying omed-omedan tradition recognition attitudes through augmented reality-based card games, 2) analyz the impact resulting from the application of omed-omedan tradition recognition attitudes through augmented reality-based card games, and 3) analyze about the feasibility of application resulting from the application of omed-omedan tradition recognition attitudes through augmented reality-based card games. This research is a type of R&D research conducted at Bali Mandara State High School from July 1-September 6, 2021. The subjects of this study were the teenagers of Kaja Sesetan Indigenous Village and the object of this study was the omed-omedan tradition through augmented reality-based card games. The data collection method used is the literature studies, questionnaires, interviews, and validation questionnaires. Data is processed based on qualitative descriptive approach and quantitative descriptive approach. The results showed that the mechanism of implementing the omed-omedan tradition originated from the download of assistive devices, namely android studios and applications from AR, the impact of augmented reality-based card games was seen as very helpful in the introduction of the omed-omedan tradition and was seen as able to help increase the love of local culture, besides that the media used was also very popular by players because it was seen as interesting and very helpful. Based on the feasibility tests that have been calculated, this game is considered very feasible to implement and researchers hope that the innovations that have been created can effectively provide understanding to help out the local community about omed-omedan tradition.

還有「轉環」的餘地—探討鋼球在自轉圓環軌道的運動

將鋼球放入一個鉛直站立的圓環凹槽內,當圓環由靜止開始轉動的過程中,鋼球沿著圓環向上運動,經過我們設計並改良的實驗架設,製作出穩定的實驗裝置進行量測,探討各種變因對鋼球運動的影響,並彙整出鋼球運動的幾個階段,進行理論建模與實驗數據的比較分析;我們參考幾篇論文嘗試在理論建模的方程式逐步加入模擬修正,從最單純的質點運動方程式逐步考慮旋轉、搖晃、阻力、鋼球體積等等,比較理論模擬結果與實驗數據的差異,也驗證了一些論文中缺乏實驗驗證的理論計算之正確性。

休息是為了走更遠—阿拉伯芥之耐熱記憶

阿拉伯芥的長期後天耐熱性(LAT)有如人類的「學習」,如何延長其「記憶」為本研究探討的主要目標。首先以改變熱處理間期之光週期來確立 hsp101、hsa32突變株在光照期變短下,LAT 處理後的存活率有提高之趨勢,而西方墨點法也發現 HSP101 之表現量與存活率有相同的趨勢,LAT 耐熱記憶的延續與否和 HSP101 的量息息相關。低溫降低代謝與光照期變短在存活率、西方墨點法的實驗結果相似,這顯示光照期變短可能也是透過代謝減緩,進而減少 HSP101的降解,使突變株的存活率提高。最後,花椰菜HV-427、HV-178的光週期實驗中,在進行LAT處理後,低光照下的受傷率有降低的趨勢,顯示降低光照能夠提升其耐熱性。我們期望此結果未來可應用在農業生物科技,透過更具經濟價值的方式來降低代謝進而延續LAT耐熱記憶,提升其對抗熱逆境的能力。

A.N.T.s: Algorithm for Navigating Traffic System in Automated Warehouses

According to CNN Indonesia 2020, the demand for e-Commerce in Indonesia has nearly doubled during this pandemic. This surge in demand calls for a time-efficient method for warehouse order-picking. One approach to achieve that goal is by incorporating automation in their warehouse systems. Globally, the market of warehouse robotics is expected to reach 12.6 billion USD by 2027 (Data Bridge Market Research, 2020). In this research, the warehouse system studied would utilize AMR (Autonomous Mobile Robots) to lift and deliver movable shelf units to the packing station where workers are at. This research designed a heuristic algorithm called A.N.T.s (Algorithm for Navigating Traffic System) to conduct task assigning and pathfinding for AMR in the automated warehouse. The warehouse layout was drawn as a two-dimensional map in grids. When an order is placed, A.N.T.s would assign the task to a robot that would require the least amount of time to reach the target shelf. A.N.T.s then conducted pathfinding heuristically using Manhattan Distance. A.N.T.s would help the robot to navigate its way to the target shelf unit, lift the shelf and bring it to the designated packing station. A.N.T.s algorithm was tested in various warehouse layouts and with a varying number of AMRs. Comparison against the commonly used Djikstra’s algorithm was also conducted (Shaikh and Dhale, 2013). Results show that the proposed A.N.T.s algorithm could execute 100 orders in a 27x23 layout with five robots 9.96 times faster than Dijkstra with no collisions. The algorithm is also shown to be able to help assign tasks to robots and help them find short paths to navigate their ways to the shelf units and packing stations. A.N.T.s could navigate traffic to avoid deadlocks and collisions in the warehouse with the aid of lanes and directions.

AsqJ酵素活性庫之篩選並探討其專一性與反應性之改變

非血基質鐵/α-酮戊二酸依賴型雙氧化酶為巨大酵素家族,其在生物體內進行許多重要反應。我們選用小巢狀麴菌之 AsqJ 蛋白,其與 Fe2+ 及 α-酮戊二酸能催化 cyclopeptin 的去飽和、環氧化,形成 cyclopenin。根據 AsqJ 蛋白結構,我們將與受質結合的 9 個胺基酸位置以不同鹼基對隨機取代,以轉譯不同胺基酸,構築酵素活性庫,送入大腸桿菌篩選並觀察 AsqJ 突變蛋白分解非典型受質之表現。 我們成功篩選出能分解 X-Gal 之 AsqJ 突變株,代表我們能以改變 AsqJ 特定位置胺基酸,進而改變其活性位點,並分解與原先截然不同的受質,故此篩選平台深具生化技術應用潛力。我們並進一步將上述突變株進行純化、晶體培養及結構解析,以釐清反應機制,並與奈米抗體結合以增強活性。目前正嘗試分解環境汙染物結構相似物,期望對環境做出貢獻。