臺灣

台灣西海岸的河川，常飽受嚴重的水污染，其中最嚴重者莫過於重金屬離子所造成的危害了。所以，本作品即探究：從了解【電解水的氧化還原反應】到設計【小型多重兩極分流電解槽】上，希望藉此設計能給相關單位參考，以為農田引水灌溉及養殖水域做把關的工作。最後並對長期以來校內涉及電解、電鍍…等含重金屬離子的實驗做徹底的減廢設計，以排出無污染性的廢水。;Rivers along the west coast of Taiwan have been seriously polluted for a long time, the most hazardous one of which has been caused by heavy metal ion. As such, this article aims at how to discharge a pollution-free wastewater by understanding first from the oxidation- reduction reaction of electrolytic water to design of a miniature multiple bipolarity divided-flow electrolyser. It is hoped that this design would provide related government regulatory agencies with adequate information so that they may be capable of doing a responsible pollution-prevention job in water irrigation for farming land and water for marine farming as well. Finally, the author may further add that this design has been through constant laboratory tests involving electrolysis and electroplating of heavy metal ion in the hope that a perfect design to eradicate wastewater can be produced so as to discharge pollution-free waste water.

在這篇報告中，特別針對了凝膠的機制去做探討，以許多的實驗數據，再輔以凝膠的基本定義，去臆測各種有關於凝膠的老化機制，並藉由其過程中推斷出一些有趣的性質： 1. 當膠體內水分含量不同，與凝結後的醇類膠體有相當的影響。 2. 凝膠老化後形成的結晶形狀，因凝膠溶質、溶液內互溶性的不同，形成了不同凝聚程度的絮聚現象。 3. 同種陰陽離子在不同碳數的醇類凝膠中，因為與水溶液的互溶性也有所不同，間接影響了凝膠的形成速度，這對於安定來說，包含了很大的意義存在。 4. 對於其老化的速度，會因其安定程度而有所影響。 5. 老化後的溶液內的陰陽離子濃度，會直接影響其再次安定與老化的情形。 In this report, we especially do the discussion to the mechanism of the gel. With a lot of experimental data and the basic definition of gel, we conjecture various kinds of aging mechanism about the gel, and infer some interesting problems from its course: 1. Moisture content in the gel effect the gel’s quality after alcohol condensed greatly. 2. Because of dissolving difference between the alcohol and the other substances, crystallization forms after the gel aged have formed different degrees phenomenon of gathered. 3. The same kind of negative and positive ion among the alcohol gel that have different carbon atoms. Because of dissolving difference between the ions and the solution, the ions influence forming speed of gel indirectly. To being stable of the gel, this phenomenon includes very great meaning. 4. Stable degree of the gel can influence its speed of aging. 5. The consistency of negative and positive ion in the aging solution of the gel can influence its stable and aging situation again directly.

In our experiment, the novel hydrothermal-galvanic couple method is used to produce nanostructured TiO2 thin film. Compared with the traditional hydrothermal method, whose process is conducted under high temperature and high pressure, the hydrothermal-galvanic couple method is a thermally and electrochemically driven process. The titanium atom is gradually oxidized on the surface driven by potential difference, and eventually become nanostructured TiO2. The advantages of the hydrothermal-galvanic couple method are numerous： they are simple, environment-friendly and energy-saving. Experimental parameters include time, concentration and types of solution. The hydrothermal method is used for comparison. By the cross-section and surface pictures of Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), we can clearly observe that there is obvious change on the titanium surface, along with increased thickness and altered surface structure. The film of hydrothermal-galvanic couple method is thicker than that of hydrothermal method. Thickness increases with time and concentration as well. Both the hydrophile and decomposition of methylene blue examination indicate that the product on the surface contains photocatalyst-like feature.我們利用新穎水熱-化學電池法製備奈米級二氧化鈦薄膜。相較於一般傳統水熱法高溫高壓的製程，水熱-化學電池法結合了熱能與化學電能，讓鈦原子在電位差的驅動下於表面逐步氧化，最終形成奈米級二氧化鈦粒子，具備簡易、環保、省能的優點。實驗參數包括時間、濃度、溶液種類，並以水熱法作為對照組。由FE-SEM 橫截面圖及表面圖可清楚看到鈦的表面有明顯變化，膜厚增加、表面結構改變；以水熱-化學電池法所得的薄膜明顯較水熱法厚，而其厚度隨著濃度及時間的增加也有增加的趨勢，由試片親水性測試與亞甲基藍吸光度測試，皆顯示試片的表面產物具有類似光觸媒的性質。

修正汽車駕駛喜歡猛踩加油踏板之習慣,把一加油動作分解成多段階級式加油動作,使自動變速箱內扭力降低達到順利變換高速檔o 達到節約能源.減少污染.提高效率之目的。The oil-saving project by adjusting the driving habits To avoid the habit of easily step the pedal to speed up, we divide it into multi-step fuel-filling procedures. Therefore, they decrease the wristing strength of transistor inside auto speed-changing box and reach high-speed brake smoothly. As a result, it can save energy, reduce pollution and increase high efficiency.

要檢測膠體粒子是否存在於溶質中，並不能以一般的光學顯微鏡觀察得出，若是用廷得耳效應觀察光線散出的量決定，則將運用到大量昂貴的精密儀器，與繁複深奧的化學理論，本實驗主旨即在運用自製的簡單儀器測量待測膠體流經強磁場因磁電效應產生電壓，藉著改變沈降劑種類或劑量使電壓產生波動的現象，藉此評估各種沉澱劑對膠體溶液沉降效果好壞與最適當的劑量，並將此結果應用在實際污水處理作業的先期測試上。Wanting to know colloid particles exist in solute by a normal optical microscope is impossible. If we use Tyndall effect, to observe the quantity of dispersive beams, to prove whether colloid particles exist in solute, then we will use amount of expensive and precise apparatuses and even complex and abstruse chemical theory. The gist of this experiment is using simple apparatuses that made by us to measure the volt generated by colloid flowing through the strong magnetic field(magnetic-electric effect).Then we try to change the sort or dose of precipitant to let the volt undulate, so that we can compare the impression on precipitating of each of the precipitant and the most applicable dose. Finally the result can be applied to forward trial of practical sewage disposal system.

本實驗在微小的測試環境下，以熱線風速計偵測壓縮空氣流經圓柱鈍體後方渦旋逸放的頻率，推導出雷諾數(Re) 與史卓荷數(St) 之關係。預期能利用有效雷諾數的概念，探討加熱圓柱流場的Re-St 關係，將25℃、50℃、100℃、150℃、200℃時的臨界雷諾數回歸成有效臨界雷諾數，導出Re 之分母---空氣黏度，以後便能以此不同環境溫度所對應之空氣黏度方程式，於各式環境下量得空氣的黏度。但因為在實驗中碰到了量測精度的限制，所以這個部份只有做現象的探討，並由觀測渦流逸放頻率發現到加熱圓柱確實可有效地穩定流場。未來也將會提高量測的精度，以期望能達到辨識氣體的效果。;The purpose of this experiment is to measure the vortex-shedding frequency while the compressed air flow over a cylinder by hot-wire anemometer and all of the experiment is set up at the small testing environment. By this way, we can find out the relationship of Reynolds number and Strouhal number. We expect that research the relationship between Re and St while flow over a heated cylinder by using the concept of effective Reynolds number. We can get the effective Re by curving fitting the critical Re at 25℃、50℃、100℃、150℃、200℃each and derive out the viscosity of the air. After this, then we can measure the viscosity of the air everywhere after knowing the viscosity with respect to the specific temperature. We only discuss the phenomena at this part, because the limitation of the accuracy of the instrument. We also observe that a heated cylinder can stabilize the flow field effectively by the vortex-shedding frequency. We are going to enhance the accuracy of the instrument and fulfill the gas identification.

本研究從1960年到2010年間臺北、臺中、日月潭、阿里山、玉山、臺南、花蓮、成功和恆春測站的時雨量資料中，發現東部測站的夜晚累積雨量多過白天，與其他測站相反，於是進一步挑選臺北、臺南和花蓮測站以探討不同地區海陸風環流對降雨量的影響。經過統計發現，花蓮測站降雨日週期的極值發生在海陸風環流發展後六小時發生，進而造成東部夜晚降雨量比白天多；而臺北測站是在二小時後發生；臺南測站則無時間落後現象。北部地區海陸風與日夜降雨變化沒有顯著的年代際變化，而東部與南部地區則可能因為地表使用改變而有變化。在季節分析方面，我們發現各地主要以夏季的海陸風與日夜降雨變化有明顯的關係。

傳統的類神經網絡人工智慧多半是以受控訓練為主。然而在本次研究中，我們先建構出一套以類神經網絡模型為基礎的人工智慧，再利用社群網站噗浪（Plurk）上使用者與此系統的互動，訓練類神經網絡，以期驗證社群網站作為訓練來源的效率與準確度。我們利用分析詞、句的方式，促使系統做出自動的回應，同時並收集相關資料作為統計與修正之用。經過漸進式的調整與精進後，我們成功利用高度模組化的人工智慧系統，達成「利用社群網站資料自我修正」的目標，且其準確度呈現遞增的趨勢。我們相信只要充分掌握社群文化，社群網站做為資料來源對學術研究必有所裨益，且能為自然語言領域帶來更多可能性。

本研究首先利用NaOH 將PAN 薄膜改質形成PAA 水膠膜表面，進一步與異丙胺鍵結形成NIPAAm 結構，以做為藥物傳輸的載體。反應所得之PNIPAAm 薄膜其溫度轉換點為34 °C 其pH 敏感性介於pH 5 至10 之間，實驗進行進一步於34 °C將PNIPAAm 薄膜浸入共軛亞麻油酸(CLA)中，取出後置入4 oC 二次水中，最後測試經改質接枝後PAN 薄膜於膽固醇、三酸甘油酯的吸收效果，並以化學冷光儀分析改質接枝後PAN 薄膜其抗氧化效率。結果顯示改質接枝之PNIPAAm 薄膜於包埋CLA 其對於血液中膽固醇及三酸甘油酯有明顯的吸收效率，此外對血液中的自由基也有明顯較未改質之PAN 薄膜穩定的趨勢。A thin layer of poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (pNIPAAm) was synthesized in situ on the surface of hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile (PAN) membrane. This thin layer exhibited both pH response due to the poly(acrylic acid) moiety and temperature response due to the pNIPAAm moiety. The swelling behavior of the membranes was evaluated under various temperatures and pH. The curve of the swelling ratio for the PAN-NIPAAm showed a lower critical solution temperature (LCST). Then conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) was loaded into the pNIPAAm layer. The effects of CLA on the blood coagulation and oxidative stress were evaluated using human blood. The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured by chemiluminescence (CL) method to evaluate the oxidative stress. Furthermore, the removal of bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) by CLA-loaded PAN-NIPAAm was measured with ELISA. The results show that the LCST swelling curve was at 37°C. In addition, the swelling ratio increased by 71% when the pH increased from 5 to 10. The concentration of LPS can be reduced by CLA-loaded PAN-NIPAAm 2.1 and 1.2 5 times of that by unmodified PAN and PAN-NIPAAm membranes, respectively. In addition, the level of ROS against CLA-loaded PAN-NIPAAm was reduced significantly than that against unmodified PAN and PAN-NIPAAm. Therefore CLA-loaded PAN-NIPAAm membrane could offer protection for patients against oxidative stress and could also inhibit LPS for clinical applications