由於在銀河系中的多數恆星是以雙星系統存在，因此雙星的形成機制在恆星演化理論中扮演極重要的角色。但目前其形成的機制未有定論，而爭論的焦點主要為兩個假說：一個假說為當分子雲在裂解為雲核時，同一雲核會形成兩顆恆星互繞；另一假說為不同雲核會分別塌縮為不同的恆星。這份研究中，我們以金斯最小質量與半徑為理論依據，找尋上萬筆的觀測數據，並對其資料來源做觀測限制上的確認，進而分析雙星間距的分布，且以雙星的星團與光譜型為分類作圖。分析後的結果中，我們發現前主序雙星間距分布圖出現了一個小於金斯最小半徑的峰值，得出了分裂說必定存在，然無法排除捕獲說的存在；並且發現不同星團、光譜型對間距的關係有顯著的差別。

壹、研究目的：培養建構式思考方式，提高解決問題的能力。 貳、研究過程：一先查數學辭典，確定F.S.之定義。二以文字敘述替代數字敘述F.S.，並分析歸納規律性。三將發表過的有關關係式，挑選適合以代數分析研究者，研究採逆命題角度處理，共有下列七種關係式採論之。 壹、Motivation and Purpose In this study, we expect to know something about Fibonacci Sequence (F.S.) that we can understand and enjoy as a high school student. 貳、Procedure 一.Make sure the definition of F.S. 二.Use algebra instead of numerical to state F.S. 三.Select the related formulas and discuss by fundamental algebra. We get 7 types as follows

A novel and simple method was developed to determine the activity of silver in nanometer particles more than in non-nanometer particles. The conductivity of conducting polymer, polyaniline (PANI) doped with different amount of nanometer silver particles was used to evaluated the activity of nanometer silver. In polymerization of polyaniline, hydrogen chloride solution usually used to increase the conductivity of polyaniline. When 1%(w/w) nanometer silver particles doped during the polymerization, the conductivity of polyaniline was down from 2.28 s/cm to 0.65 s/cm, then increased with increasing the amount of nanometer silver doped. The conductivity of polyaniline was changed from 2.28 s/cm to 0.47 s/cm when 3%(w/w) nanometer silver particles doped, but it is increased from 2.28 s/cm to 2.44 s/cm when was doped with 3%(w/w) micrometer silver particles. The conductivity of polyaniline changed due to the formation of silver chloride (AgCl) in doping nanometer silver. Some of the nanometer silver particles were formed to silver ion in hydrogen chloride solution for the high activity property of nanometer silver. This also can be proved from the spectra of XRD and FE-SEM. Therefore; determination the conductivity of conducting polymer by doping nanometer metal particles can be used to determine the activity of the nanometer particles. 本研究為開發一個新穎的檢測奈米金屬粒子化學活性大於非奈米金屬粒子的簡易方法。方法為利用導電高分子聚苯胺，於合成過程中添加不同濃度的奈米銀粒 子，並分別偵測其成品的導電度，藉以評估奈米銀粒子的化學活性。由於聚苯胺在合成過程中通常加入鹽酸以提高其導電度，致活性較大的奈米銀粒子於氧化後，隨即與氯離子形成氯化銀的沉澱，而降低聚苯胺的導電度，如添加1﹪(w/w)奈米銀粒子的，其導電度由2.28 s/cm 降至0.65 s/cm，隨後隨著添加量的增加導電度先降後再稍回升。一般非奈米級銀粒子因氧化電位為負值，即化學活性小，而不易被氧化。由實驗結果，我們發現同樣添加3%(w/w)的奈米級銀粒子或微米級銀粒子，添加奈米級銀粒子的導電度由2.28 下降為0.47，添加微米級銀粒子的導電度卻由2.28 上升為2.44，此乃說明本方法確實足以證明奈米級金屬的化學活性的確遠大於微米級金屬，因相同條件下，微米級銀粒子未如同奈米級銀粒子一樣被氧化成銀離子。即奈米級銀粒子可以輕易的被氧化，而非奈米級銀粒子則不易被氧化。尤其也可由X 光繞射儀分析光譜圖和場發射式掃描電子顯微鏡拍攝圖證明。因此，我們可以採用添加3 %(w/w)奈米級金屬銀粒子及微米級金屬銀粒子於導電高分子的方法，並藉導電度的變化，證明奈米金屬粒子的高活潑性。

我們好奇影響捕霧網集水過程因素為何?使用超音波霧化器搭配風扇模擬霧氣，在壓克力箱中放置捕霧網進行實驗。秤量製霧箱所消耗的水，配合捕霧網集得的水量，即可得回收率。實驗結果為①三種不同材質網子中，疏水性高的不鏽鋼網回收率較佳。②不同網目單一網孔最短邊長度大於0.5mm時，網目多會增加回收率：24目較16目高出6.7%；網孔過小，會降低回收率，複雜編織的針織遮光網亦相似。③長形的網孔或複雜編織的網子，架設方向會影響集水效果。垂直向長度大於水平向，有利水珠滑落，能提升集水效果，最高可增加約5%。④使用疏水塗料塗佈在垂直向的網線上，間距2.7mm，可提升7.5%的回收率。高集水效能捕霧網具備吸附霧氣多、水珠增長時間短及滑落速度快的特性。

本實驗之目的在利用骨髓間質幹細胞 (Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells, BMSCs) 培養為平台，篩選能提升BMSCs成骨分化效率的生物材料。實驗中利用osteogenic induction medium (OIM)使BMSCs朝成骨分化路徑進行，分別在第7(前期)、14(中期)、21(後期)天作Alizarin Red Stain assay(ARS assay)測定鈣沉積之效率作為評估標準，而後於平面上塗覆不同生物材料進行測試，根據實驗結果顯示，Gelatin主要在中期就可達到最高成骨分化效率，而PCL與HA到後期亦能顯著提高成骨分化效率。當進入3D立體成骨誘導試驗時，我們發現Gelatin、HA的複合材料能保持平面之特性且結合二者優點，並且更能有效提升成骨分化之效率。

本研究針對銨明礬結晶進行討論，並探究最佳的銨明礬結晶條件。先嘗試使用不同的懸吊線來吊晶種，再加入糖、鹽、酸、鹼探究銨明礬結晶品質，之後採用不同的降溫方式觀察銨明礬的結晶成效。實驗發現銨明礬水溶液加入適量的氫氧化鈉，一開始會觀察到水溶液有混濁的現象，但過了一至二天後會出現晶型完整且透度極高的優質結晶。溫度也會影響銨明礬的結晶品質，60℃飽和水溶液緩慢冷卻會得到品質良好的銨明礬結晶。同時，我們利用自製的簡易光照盒觀察結晶的品質。

本研究首先製作「蔬菜紙吸管」，其耐水性及吸飲功能不佳，改以海藻膠製作吸管，經歷多次改良後的「第三代海藻膠吸管」其質地近似塑膠吸管，但吸飲功能仍然不佳。接著，以海藻膠為膠著劑；紅茶粉為骨材，成功製作出耐水性、吸飲功能較佳且可散發紅茶香氣的「紅茶吸管」。提高添加紅茶粉之比例，能有效提升吸管硬度，可應用在飲料封口膜之戳入，在冰水、熱水中均可長時間維持吸飲功能，製作大口徑「紅茶吸管」，可輕易吸飲波霸珍珠，徹底解決吸飲波霸珍珠之難題。自製擠出成型機械，可控制出料速度維持穩定，在滑軌上以直線移動，可製作出粗細一致且筆直的吸管，最後試製綠茶、咖啡、檸檬等調味吸管，均會飄出天然原料之香氣，頗具商品化之潛力。

由於想了解化學反應的微觀形態，我們設計微型化學反應裝置來比較巨觀(傳統型)與微觀(創新型)化學反應間的差異，並探討其實用及環保方面的問題。在顯微鏡底下，我們觀察化學反應的沉澱結晶及電解反應，嘗試以各項變因(溫度、濃度、聲波…等)來觀察其結晶的型態。我們已成功地將實驗藥品用量減少到一滴(約0.04ml)，並以微觀的角度觀察化學反應的過程。在實驗中，發現反應進行時，粒子會不斷流動，經查證後為愛因斯坦所提出的布朗運動，並且測得硫顆粒的直徑大小約4.2 ~ 6.7 微米。不同聲波所造成硫粒子的移動速率不同，而不同溫度的部份，我們發現→每增加十度硫粒子移動速率增加約兩倍。在面積4.392×10-4cm2 範圍內大約有250~300 顆硫沉澱的粒子。本實驗成功地將顯微鏡應用在化學領域上，若將此實驗推廣，可達到污染少、觀察實驗的時間短、用量少的目標。此實驗是邁向化學微觀世界，一種值得嘗試且創新的方法。In order to compare the differences between the chemical reactions of macroscopic reactor and microscopic reactor, we have designed a device of chemical reaction and researched into the problems of their environmental protections and practical aspects. Under the microscope, we observed not only their precipitating crystal compound from the chemical reaction and electrolytic reation but their types of crystal. We have successfully reduced the dose to one drop ( about 0.04ml) and observed the process of their chemical reaction from the angle of microscopic reactor. During performing the experiment, we found the particles would keep flowing while the reaction was working. It was proved as "Brown motion" introduced by Einstein. The diameter of these particles were around 4.2~6.7μm. We find that different sound waves and temperatures,the motion speeds are quite different. And the movement rate increases about two times as the sulfer particles increase 10℃ each time .Within the measure of area of 4.392×10-4cm2,there are 250~300 sulfer particles.The experiment has successfully used a microscope in the field of chemistry. If we popularize the experiment, we can reach the goal of less pollution, fewer the dose and time-saving observation. It’s an innovation to step to the world of chemical microscope world.

本研究首先利用NaOH 將PAN 薄膜改質形成PAA 水膠膜表面，進一步與異丙胺鍵結形成NIPAAm 結構，以做為藥物傳輸的載體。反應所得之PNIPAAm 薄膜其溫度轉換點為34 °C 其pH 敏感性介於pH 5 至10 之間，實驗進行進一步於34 °C將PNIPAAm 薄膜浸入共軛亞麻油酸(CLA)中，取出後置入4 oC 二次水中，最後測試經改質接枝後PAN 薄膜於膽固醇、三酸甘油酯的吸收效果，並以化學冷光儀分析改質接枝後PAN 薄膜其抗氧化效率。結果顯示改質接枝之PNIPAAm 薄膜於包埋CLA 其對於血液中膽固醇及三酸甘油酯有明顯的吸收效率，此外對血液中的自由基也有明顯較未改質之PAN 薄膜穩定的趨勢。A thin layer of poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (pNIPAAm) was synthesized in situ on the surface of hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile (PAN) membrane. This thin layer exhibited both pH response due to the poly(acrylic acid) moiety and temperature response due to the pNIPAAm moiety. The swelling behavior of the membranes was evaluated under various temperatures and pH. The curve of the swelling ratio for the PAN-NIPAAm showed a lower critical solution temperature (LCST). Then conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) was loaded into the pNIPAAm layer. The effects of CLA on the blood coagulation and oxidative stress were evaluated using human blood. The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured by chemiluminescence (CL) method to evaluate the oxidative stress. Furthermore, the removal of bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) by CLA-loaded PAN-NIPAAm was measured with ELISA. The results show that the LCST swelling curve was at 37°C. In addition, the swelling ratio increased by 71% when the pH increased from 5 to 10. The concentration of LPS can be reduced by CLA-loaded PAN-NIPAAm 2.1 and 1.2 5 times of that by unmodified PAN and PAN-NIPAAm membranes, respectively. In addition, the level of ROS against CLA-loaded PAN-NIPAAm was reduced significantly than that against unmodified PAN and PAN-NIPAAm. Therefore CLA-loaded PAN-NIPAAm membrane could offer protection for patients against oxidative stress and could also inhibit LPS for clinical applications

在「植物的秘密生命」這本書中提到植物在電場或磁場中會生長的更好,我最近正好學到了電磁場如何產生,以及一些產生電磁場的方法,所以想利用螺形管線圈來產生均勻的電磁場並用安培右手定則來控制磁場產生的方向來了解電磁場在高低室溫下對綠豆生長的影響. 在本實驗中我利用鐵碗纏繞線圈的方式並通入不同的電流大小來改變磁場的強度,所進行研究所得到的結果顯示（1）綠豆只有在適當的電流大小下所產生的電磁場才可以幫助加速綠豆的生長(2)栽培綠豆的環境所架設的電磁場越高,越能持續讓綠豆的生長加速（3）綠豆的加速生長並不需要整天都通電（4）綠豆在N極朝上的磁場中生長的速率較S極朝上的磁場中要快(5)在較低的室溫下,電磁場加速綠豆生長的效應較能顯現 It has been mentioned that the plants will grow faster in the electronic or magnetic field in the book of “the secret life of plants”, I learned about the knowledge and methods of how to produce the electromagnetic field just now, I use the screw wire to produce electromagnetic field and control the direction by the Amplifier’s rule to investigate the growing speed of green beans under electromagnetic field in those different temperature. In this experiment, I use the wire to screwed around the ironed bowl, and make different electric current to generate different strength of electromagnetic field, the results indicate that (1) The faster growing speed will only exist in some strength of electromagnetic field (2) The higher ironed bowls that full of screwed wire will result in the faster growing speed (3) It will not need electromagnetic field all days (4) The green beans will grow fast in those north magnetic pole than those in south magnetic pole (5)The effect of electromagnetic field to increase growing speed will be significant in higher room temperature