雪山姑 翡翠嫂 順姑情 逆嫂意? 雪山隧道之地質環評與工程建設的恩怨情仇
實驗初期以膠體水晶模擬岩層,模擬雪山隧道水平傾斜約 1°,製作壓克力模型(實驗一),證明是否如賈儀平教授所言《雪山隧道=水脈改道》註3,同時此模型也證明隧道防水襯墊完工後,和隧道開挖時水力梯度的明顯變化。再加上訪問坪林到宜蘭圓通寺一帶居民結論是:1. 雪山隧道對翡翠水庫的影響不大,但對宜蘭方面影響很大2. 模型的數據證明『隧道剛開挖因為出水嚴重出現明顯梯度外,其餘二組都不再有特定梯度,即使隧道處也沒有明顯變化』。證明隧道的水平角度對水也沒有太大導引作用。因為隧道的比例對一座山而言相當小,不會有太大的影響。3. 證明隧道防水襯墊完工後,和施工前(隧道未開挖)是同一狀況。釐清對翡翠水庫影響不大後,重心改為宜蘭。此時我們綜合中興工程資料及地調所資料理出“交錯正斷層的破碎岩體”應是大漏水的原凶!1. 於是用實驗一模型加入“破碎岩體” (實驗二)證明破碎岩體水力梯度的明顯變化。2. 再加上訪問頭城附近社區,了解居民因應大漏水後改變取水層的應變措施。3. 於是再設計模型(實驗三)證明不同不透水層的相互關係。實驗末期再度訪問頭城附近社區,赫然發現水稻已開始種植(去年還荒蕪,居民抱怨連連)看到綠意盎然的稻田和笑逐顏開的居民,我們的照片和實驗數據願為雪山隧道工程做個平反!The experiment began by using gel-crystal model to simulate rock strata and the acrylic model to simulate the dip angle of 1° of the Syue Mountain Tunnel. The experiment aimed to prove if the building of the Syue Mountain tunnel will change the water tunnel as Professor Yi-Ping Jia has indicated. The model also shows the obvious change brought by the membrane lining layed on the Tunnel and the dip angle of the water power gradient when the Tunnel was built. The conclusion of our interiew with residents in the Ping-lin and Yuan-Tong Temple in I-lan is as following: 1. The building of the Syue Mountain Tunnel has more impact on the I-lan than Fei-Tsui Reservoir. 2. The statistics of the model proved that Syue Mountain only showed gradient in the beginning when it was built. The Tunnel itself did not show any obious change. The dip angle of Syue Mountain Tunnel did not draw water due to it is small in size compared to the Syue Mountain. 3. The Syue Mountain Tunnel remained unchanged after the membrane lining was layed. After we can clarify that the Syue Mountain Tunnel has less impact on the Fei-Tsui Reservoir, we turned our attention to I-lan. We combined the information provided by Zhong-Xing Construction and the Central Geological Survey, and found that the cross-normal fault if the cause of the leakage. 1. The second experiement was conducted by adding fractured stones to the previous model and proved these stones will cause the obvious change to the water power gradient. 2. We have conducted another to the communities around Tou-cheng and realized that residents have changed the water supply strata in response to the leakage. 3. Finally, we built another model in 3rd experiment to prove the relationship of 3 water proof stratas. At the end of our experiment, we returned to Tou-Cheng and found that residents have started to grow rice and started to have simle on their face. Our experiment and statistics can do Syue Mountain Tunnel justice.
利用奈米級的二氧化鈦〈TiO?〉在紫外光降解幾丁聚醣的研究
本實驗中利用二氧化鈦能在常溫下經紫外線催化,分解空氣中的水分子,產生自由基的特性,攻擊幾丁聚醣中碳與氧鍵結的部分,使chitin 的分子量成功的從近50000 降解至3000以下;並可利用照射時間的不同,降解出分子量不同的chitin。此法不但大大排除利用化學法降解時廢液處理上的問題,而且還能利用照紫外光時間長短的不同來控制分子量的大小;又奈米級二氧化鈦(TiO?)在紫外光在短短四個小時之內就有很好的降解效果,除了節省了反應所需的時間外,降解前後幾丁聚醣的濃度也很高,因此所需的成本也遠低於當今利用酵素降解的方法。In the experiment, we used the properties of TiO? that can be catalyzed by UV rays and breaking the molecules of H?O and produce free radicals, which free radicals can attack the chemical bond between carbon and oxygen in chitin, successfully degrading chitin's molecular weight from 50000 to 3000.We also use different shining times to degrade chitosan into different molecular weight. In this way, we not only readily solve the problem of treating waste liquids produced by chemical degradation, but also control the molecular weight by different UV ray shining time. For another thing, TiO? in the nanometer level has excellent effect on degradation within 4 hours under UV ray shining. It not only cut back the reaction time but also produced high concentration of the chitin after degradation. As a result, the cost is much lower than that of using enzyme to degrade chitin.