全國中小學科展

2017年

以線蟲動物模式評估漸凍人症之運動障礙

本研究探討TDP-43突變之漸凍人症(ALS)線蟲模式中的BLMP-1與其運動障礙之間的關係。在ALS患者的運動神經元內,Fas 訊息途徑活化之ASK1激酶被證實會導致軸突運輸障礙。在長壽漿細胞中,有研究發現BLIMP1可調控ASK1之表現。因此,本研究推測在TDP-43突變線蟲運動神經元中,BLMP-1(人類BLIMP1之同源蛋白質)會降低NSY-1(人類ASK1之同源蛋白質)表現,間接證明提升BLMP-1量有助改善癱瘓症狀。 本研究藉降低NSY-1表現的方式,分析線蟲之癱瘓程度與運動動能驗證Fas訊息途徑在線蟲中亦對運動功能障礙有顯著促進,確認其作為本研究模式生物之合理性。此外,將其側腹神經索中的BLMP-1表現量下降,發現其運動功能急遽惡化。最後將兩基因之表現量下降,則運動功能改善。 本研究首度證實線蟲之BLMP-1能有效的阻礙NSY-1所造成之運動障礙,且降低BLMP-1表達量會加劇其癱瘓症狀。此研究之發現對SOD1突變引起的ALS治療提供一個新研究方向及治癒的可能性。

新興汙染物銦對阿拉伯芥生長之影響 Physiological and Molecular Response of Arabidopsis thaliana to Indium Exposure

銦之化合物常被應用於半導體產業當中,隨著使用量的增加也提高銦污染流佈於環境的風險,若此污染物流布至土壤並累積於植物體內,則可能通過食物鏈而影響人體的健康。現今國內外鮮少有銦對植物影響的相關研究,因此本研究以培養基試驗,探討銦對模式植物阿拉伯芥生長之影響。結果顯示,當銦處理濃度為500 µM時,其生質量以及根長會受到抑制。MDA含量的增加,顯示銦會對阿拉伯芥造成氧化逆境,而穀胱甘肽與金屬螯合素並非阿拉伯芥在銦逆境下主要的抗氧化機制。本研究亦發現銦處理下會影響對錳、鉀、鈉、磷、鐵、錳、銅以及鋅的吸收。此外,X光吸收光譜分析顯示根部以及地上部中銦物種有明顯組成上的差異。於根部有42.9%的銦是以吸附於細胞壁的形式存在,這可視為植物對重金屬所採取「隔離」策略的防禦方式之一。

故態復「蒙」,「日」新月異-Monge's theorem的性質探討與推廣

本研究以蒙日定理「平面上三圓彼此的外公切線交點共線」及其對偶定理「平面上三圓彼此的內公切線交點與另一圓的圓心的連線共點」出發,探討三圓更多由內、外公切線所產生的共點共線性質,進而探討四圓以上的情形,以及正多邊形、圓錐曲線等位似圖形,並推廣至空間中的球體。正如本研究作品名稱,我們將鮮少人研究的蒙日定理萌發出新枝,在日夜中茁壯,甚至最後有驚人的發現「在空間中n個外離的球,任意1個球的球心與另n-1個球的蒙日點連線會共交一點,此點稱之為n球的蒙日點」,此「點」發現,讓人不禁對宇宙中星體之間的關係產生更多無限的想像。

Construction of an Emergency Portable Dynamo Mobile Phone Charging Station by Means of a Hand-Crank Gear Mechanism/ Solar Panels

The researchers aim to construct an emergency mobile phone charging station that runs on renewable energy and will serve as a cost-efficient alternative to more traditional power banks. Circuit components include a 20V / 6W solar panel supplemented by a hand-crank gear mechanism integrated with a 6V / 1A lead-acid battery, a usb output and an adjustable switch-mode power supply (SMPS) to convert excess voltage into current. Initial voltage and current outputs were measured under varying resistances. It was determined that the set-up satisfied the minimum voltage and current requirement for charging a mobile phone (5V / 1A). A subsequent phone charging test was executed using a Samsung Galaxy J2 (3.85V Li-ion battery 7.70W, Charge Voltage: 4.4V / 2000mAh) wherein it charged on an average of 0.277% per minute for the solar panel and an average of 0.263% per minute for the hand crank gear mechanism. A Mann-Whitney U statistical test was conducted to determine if the charging rate of the charging station had a significant difference from a commercially available power bank’s. The calculated UA: (4) from the test was below the lower limit and the UB: (217) was above the upper limit which indicated that there was a significant difference between the charging rates. While the efficiency was lower than the commercial power bank’s, it can still be used as an alternative charging method especially during emergencies and disasters.

Application of molecular templates on magnetic particles for adsorption and desorption of heavy metals

This study investigated the production of novel molecular templates, and analyze their adsorption effect on four heavy metal ions (Cu+2, Pb+2, Zn+2, Mn+2), which commonly exist in Taiwan's rivers. Different operating conditions (such as competitive adsorption, pH value and other factors) were explored to compare their adsorption effect of heavy metal ions by using the synthesized template molecules. The molecular templates were found to be specific towards their target metal ions with a high adsorption effect. Then combined with the idea of magnetic particles to produce magnetic molecule templates, a maximum amount of adsorption of heavy metal ions up to 95% through the molecular template was achieved while the effect of heavy metals desorption of up to 83% could be also successfully obtained. Experimental results showed that the magnetic molecule templates did not affect the adsorption of heavy metal ions. Not only can they speed up the recovery time of adsorption but the template molecules can also be collected more efficiently. We also proposed three different applications for the developed molecular templates. The development of magnetic molecular template may provide an affordable, highly-efficient way for dealing with heavy metal pollutions.

EmerApp+: An innovative application for personal security

EmerApp+ is software designed for intelligent devices as a personal security database manager. In case of emergencies, it is an application which integrates location, tracking, and communication tools. It is triangulated between a database to a communication server as well as a second which is NASA server that offers climate and seismic information for Mexico. This application has two sources of communication, SMS messages and a newly created social network. In case of natural disasters, an extension for drones has been developed for this application, enabling rescue teams to delimit the land boundary where the disaster struck. In order to speed up the search and rescue operations a triangulation of network-drone- smartphone is completed.

Extracting Water from Humid Air Using Solar Energy in Humid Areas

The study aims to evaluate the technique of extracting water from humid air using solar energy through greenhouses in local areas. This technique is believed to provide limited amount of water in areas where potable water is not accessible or abundant. To solve this problem a pyramid-shaped device was designed, it is made of glass panels ad equipped with glass doors, fans operated by solar energy, and multiple shelves covered with fabric to act as Absorbent Calcium Chloride (CaCl2) with a 30% concentration. The doors are open during the night for absorption and closed during the day for energy-generating. Humidity, temperature, and atmospheric pressure are measured every two hours. The amount of water extracted in this area in one full day was around 3.0 liters a day for every square meter. Perhaps the limited amount of water is due to low level of humidity in the area: an average of 50% and temperature of F10 Celsius at night. However, the device itself is independent, does not need power sources, water sources, or infrastructure, can be installed in various places depending on humidity level as well as having the possibility of increasing number or size of device. This makes the device a promising, alternative and environmental friendly solution to produce water. Cost-effective and lighter material can be used to make the device, which will produce an easy-to-use and affordable devices. It is an area in need for further research to improve and further develop it.

電場中的小晶靈-高電壓電場中液滴的結晶現象

本研究設計相機-顯微鏡-玻璃座平行銅片電場裝置,拍攝鹽類液滴在高電壓電場中的結晶現象,並以色階曲線為基礎,發展出SCL值,來偵測晶體表面的性質。實驗先找到能讓晶體成長趨向單顆且高透明的條件為:加蓋(低蒸發速率)、過濾、無施加電場與低熱LED光源。並應用蒸發速率差異,發現食鹽晶體的變速成長現象。蒸發快會形成階梯螺旋紋,蒸發慢,紋路消失,變成全透明晶體。將這裝置轉放在高電壓電場下可發現:晶體形狀發生改變(晶體傾斜或碎晶),透光度變差(SCL值變小),可觀察到新生晶體邊緣,有條狀暗紋出現,但晶體成長速率變化不大。鹽晶析出反應會因些微的外在變化,而影響溶液中離子堆疊,在晶體表面出現陰影或不規則紋路。這種對外在環境有著高度反應的現象,可以透過反應位能曲線圖來解釋,正可以用來研究外界高壓電場如何對物質發生影響。

紙電路印刷機研發及其運用於教學之可行性分析

本研究為紙電路印刷機之研發,我們將紙當成電路板的基材,以銅箔與銀箔為佈線的導電材料,透過自行開發的機台研究銅箔與銀箔在製作時,所需的時間、溫度、壓力、印刷電路完成度、耐流值與耐熱值等因素,來驗證我們研發的紙電路印刷機適合用於學校實習課程教學,培養學生LAYOUT的能力,同時也在獲得數值曲線的關係式之後,再加以製作更大作業面積的機台,以期能製作出更大的電路,而整個研究除了自行開發儀器及數據驗證外,亦可以把學生實習課程融入環境保護的概念以及文創商品整合的知識。

自製高效率簡易水解發酵裝置將纖維素轉化為生質酒精之新製程

本研究以不同水解纖維素的方法,包括傳統酸水解、微波及臭氧法,完成效果比較,並以各方法最優勢理論組成最快速且產醣量最高的水解程序。再以麴菌發酵將醣轉為生質酒精,以止逆閥自製簡易即時取樣發酵裝置並研究效率最佳的麴菌酒精發酵,其中速發酵母平均一天酒精生成率高達約90.5%。 藉由基礎水解及發酵研究成功設計一套「低耗能、低成本、低汙染、高效率」自製可攜式簡易水解發酵膠囊進行纖維素水解,轉化為醣後又可在同一膠囊中加入麴菌進行酒精發酵,效果極佳,提升轉換率達63.8%。本研究進一步透過此自製膠囊推廣到廢棄稻草桿、甘蔗渣、甘蔗皮等,皆可得到極佳效果。