2003年

茶由於其具有特殊的芳香氣味及口味，廣泛地被世人用為飲料，近年來的研究證據顯示茶具有促進身體健康和防癌功效，但茶中之成分，尤其兒茶素隨茶及茶沖泡方式而有所不同，因此對於茶中成分及沖泡方式的認知是一門重要的課題。 本實驗主要是探討茶沖泡方式及儲藏條件，對於茶液中成分變化的影響，探討的茶包含紅茶、烏龍茶、綠茶及其茶包。並使用質譜儀及高效能液相層析儀配備紫外光偵測器分析茶液中之成分，實驗結果顯示加蓋子的茶杯儲存茶時比沒蓋子的要好；成分變化速率又以未發酵的綠茶較發酵的紅茶和烏龍茶快；低溫儲存時，亦可延緩茶的成分變化，例如加蓋並存放於冰箱，茶甚至可置放至隔夜其成分均不會改變；尤其本實驗尚發現照光與否影響茶液成分變化甚鉅。;Tea is the most widely accepted and consumed beverage worldwide due to its characteristic aroma and taste. Recent studies have provided the strong scientific basis for understanding the health promoting effects and cancer preventive actions of tea. The components of tea especial the catechins are varied with the conditions of making tea. To understand and determine the chemical composition of tea is very important. Some investigations of the parameters on the storage and making of tea were carried on in this study. The kinds of tea studied were including black tea, oolong tea, green tea, and instant tea bags. A high performance liquid chromatograph combined with UV detector was used to analyze the components of tea. The results showed that the composition of tea solution is dependant of the exposure of light. The tea kept in cup with cover was better than that without cover. The ingredients in green tea were changed faster than those in fermentative black tea and oolong tea. The components of tea can be kept unchanged for a long time at low temperature. In refrigerator, the time can be extended to overnight.

間歇泉是一種十分奇特的地質景觀，地下水受到火成岩入侵所帶來的穩定熱源加熱，產生水蒸氣，利用水蒸氣形成的空氣柱壓力推動水由地底噴發出地表，也因為熱源穩定使得噴發時間差接近一定值，形成所謂的「週期性」。而根據實驗結果發現，管壁較薄的管子，在噴發之後，會使管中殘餘的水稍作降溫，加上補充的冷水使系統降溫；管長愈長時，蓄水槽中的水量較多，提高溫度所需的時間也較長，而延長了噴發的週期，最後歸納出間歇泉形成及存在的三個主要條件：(1)穩定的熱源;(2)細長的孔道;(3)豐沛的地下水。 The geyser is a very amazing sort of geologic scenery. Its principle is that the heat source of invasive volcanic rock heats the underground water to produce steam that results an air-columnar with a large pressure to erupt through the underground on the surface. Because of the steady supply of heat source, the period between eruptions is closed to a constant called “periodicity.” According to the result of the experiments, the tube that have thin wall can lower the remaining water’s temperature a little and the cold water’s supply can also lower the plumbing system’s temperature after eruption. Besides, the water in the longer tube needs more time to higher its temperature to protract the period because it have more water in its reservoir. Eventually, there are 3 essential conditions of the geysers’ existence concluded: (1) steady supply of heat; (2) a thin and long standpipe; (3) abundant underground water.

某次於學校的科學表演中，見到黑白陀螺在旋轉後會產生顏色的\r 變化，使人印象深刻。文獻上記載此類陀螺稱為“Prevost”圓盤，\r 其色彩產生的原因一般被認為是人眼產生之錯覺。不過究竟為何會有\r 這種錯覺，總令人相當納悶。於是我們請教了老師，不僅做了實驗，\r 也用像機拍攝下來分析，不過令我們感到奇怪的是：如果是眼睛產生\r 的錯覺，又為何能拍出顏色？甚至，在研究的過程中我們意外的觀察到鏤空圓盤內的色塊裡，\r 尚有像水波「波紋」般的條紋出現。這個現象十分奇特，於是我們設\r 計了一系列的實驗去探討這些現象，開始了這次的研究。在研究過程中我們遇到相當大的困難，所幸同伴的程式設計技術\r 卓越。為了實驗也撰寫了許多套色彩分析程式，使得實驗更能得心應\r 手。而我是負責實驗儀器的架設及實驗操作，希望能以分工合作的方\r 式，來完成這次的研究。

這份報告的主題是藉由實驗，來探討雷射光的性質及它的應用，並實際製作利用雷射光原理的小器具。1.證明雷射光是否為單色光：先將雷射光射入不同顏色的玻璃紙，利用光無法穿透不同顏色玻璃紙的性質，以及將雷射光照射三稜鏡，觀察其反射的光線，藉此來證明雷射光是否為單色光。2.雷射光的直進性質：利用彎管或其他不透光物品將光線阻擋，觀察其是否能穿透物品，並且用不透光物質，使我們能夠看出雷射光的軌跡，來證明雷射光的直進性質。3.雷射光的折射與反射：將雷射光射入不同的物質中，觀察其折射角度，來得知雷射光在不同介質中的傳播速率不同，也觀察其是否有反射的現象。4.雷射光的應用：研究運用雷射光製成的物品，如雷射印表機、光碟機等等，並了解其製作原理。5.自行研製雷射小器具：利用雷射光的原理，來製作簡單而獨特、有效率的小器具。The topic of this report is to study the quality and applications of laser by experiments, and actually make a tool by using the principles of laser.1.Prove if laser is a one-color light: By lasing laser through a triangular prism, observe the light it reflected to prove that laser is a one-color light.2.The quality of in-line approach: By using tubes or other lightproof items to block out the light to observe if it can penetrate things, and also let us see the trace of laser to proof the quality of in-line approach.3.The refraction and reflection of laser: Study the differences of refracting angles by lasing laser into different items, to know the speed of laser in different mediums, and also observe if it will have any reflections.4.The applications of laser: Understand how laser products are made by studying them, like laser printers and CD players. 5.DIY laser tools: Make simple but unique and efficient tools by using the principles of laser.

The highly water-absorbing polymers were prepared by the reaction of acrylic acid as a graft\r monomer and natural starch (eg. rice starch, sticky rice starch or corn starch) as the backbone\r using water hydrogen peroxide and vitamin C as solvent, initiator and catalyst, respectively. The\r reaction was carried out by mixing of starch in distilling water and stirring at 60-70 ℃ for 3\r hours and then cooled to 30℃ Acrylic acid was added and the pH was adjusted to 6-9 by the\r addition of limestone powder. To the stirred mixture were then added hydrogen peroxide (30%\r v/v) and vitamin C and continued stirring for 3 hours until the solution became viscous The\r viscous solution was neutralized with potassium hydroxide (30%v/v) to give the pH for 6.5-7\r and allowed to cool to room temperature overnight. The resulting solution was spread on\r winnowing baskets and allowed to dry under the sun to yield a continuous absorbent polymer\r film. The absorbent polymer film was ground and yield of white powder, The above procedure\r was repeated by using another types of starch. The ability of starch slurry to swell on heating, by\r absorption of water, is it’s most important practical property. Rice starch has very low swelling\r capacity in aqueous media compare with sticky rice starch and corn starch. The capacities of\r water-absorbing polymer were tested by placing polymer powder in the beaker and adding of\r water until it swell and cannot absorb more water. The polymers were found to be an excellent\r water absorbent, which absorbed water about 248, 245 and 167 times in weight of polymer for\r corn starch, sticky rice starch and rice starch, respectively. The water retention was calculated by\r measuring the amount of water releasing after every week for 10 weeks. They have also good\r water retention capacity. The swollen polymers were mixed with soil in ratio 1:3 and the\r increasing water holding capacity of soils which promotes more efficient plant growth in pot were\r test. It was found that the soil could be absorbed water for 10 weeks. It is possible to use highly\r water-absorbing polymers from natural starch in agriculture because they are low in cost and the\r polysaccharide main portion of the product is biodegradable

現在的市面上，四處充斥著各式各樣的電玩或是３Ｄ立體動畫，但是在呈現動畫的\r 時候，依然存在著很多地方的不足，與狀況表現上的矛盾情形！於是令我興起：一個普\r 通的高中學生，是否也有機會運用所學的知識，創造出自己的虛擬實境？\r 我嘗試地寫出各種物體架構的函數，再對這函數圖形所呈現出的立體加工處理，使\r 它能自由的運動，甚至使它能多采多姿就有如我們在現實生活中所看見的一般，有著自\r 己的花紋與圖案！\r 期望在架構完整之後，有一天，我們這些學生可以不再被那些軟體公司牽著走，花\r 大把的錢買電腦動畫中種種的不合理，而可以自己擁有自己的3D 世界！！

本研究探討不同的控制變因，對磁性流體薄膜在水平磁場下有序結構的影響。我們發現，外加水平磁場於磁流體薄膜時，會形成一維有序磁鍊排列，磁鍊間距除會隨著磁場增強而變小外，另外其條件值如磁場強度、流體濃度、磁增率、薄膜寬度及厚度等也影響磁鍊間距。其中磁增率及磁流體濃度增加會使磁鍊間距變小，而凹槽寬度及薄膜厚度增加會使磁鍊間距變大等現象。至於其形成磁鍊的物理作用，我們假設薄膜有三種能量交互作用，即(1)磁鍊與外加磁場間的磁能UdH。(2)兩條同方向磁化的磁鍊間相互排斥所造成的磁能Udd。(3)熱能Uther等。藉由系統能量Udh+Udd+Uther最小化，我們導出了磁鍊間距和外加磁場之間理論上的關係，並比較實驗結果確實具有相當的一致性。因這些有序結構會引發許多的光學性質，將來這些特殊的光學性質預料應可製成可調式光柵、光開關及顯示器等光電元件，使磁流體在奈米世界及光電領域裡扮演重要角色。We investigate experimentally the structure of the magnetic chains formed in the magnetic fluid thin film under the influence of the external magnetic field parallel to the film surface. A one-dimensional ordered structure forced by magnetic chains can be obtain in the magnetic fluid film. It is worth noting that the ordered structure can be manipulated by changing the control parameters such as the magnetic field, concentration of magnetic fluid, the thickness of the film, the width of the film, and the dH/dt. On the other hand, the physical mechanism of forming the ordered structure can be also studied theoretically. These magnetic chains are regarded as magnetic dipoles and three possible interactions are condisered for the energy of the system: the attracting potential energy between the magnetic chain and H(denoted by UdH),the repulsive potential energy between two magnetic chains with parallel magnetizations(denoted by Udd), and the thermal energy Uther. The relationship between the chain distance △x and the applied magnetic field H was derived by minimizing the total energy of the system with respect to the chain distance. The experimental data is consistent with the theoretical results.

My aim was to test the effectiveness of coolboxes under different\r conditions, to use this information to do comparisons using commercially\r available coolboxes and finally to build an effective and cheaper coolbox\r appropriate to Namibia\r The general method used to compare different coolboxes involved\r measuring the rate at which ice melted inside the cool boxes under\r different conditions.

奈米的科學與技術將是21 世紀所要探討的方向。在了解奈米粒子的表面效應、小尺寸效應、量子尺寸效應、宏觀量子隧道效應後，發現其應用甚廣，諸如再生物、醫學、環境、國防、工業產品等方面，都將佔有很重要的地位。我們主要是利用溶膠-凝膠法來製造二氧化鈦奈米粒子，並了解二氧化鈦奈米粒子可吸收紫外線及光催化反應，將廣泛應用電子、紡織、塑膠、橡膠，空氣淨化及廢水處理方面。本實驗將利用二氧化鈦的吸收紫外線特性，來研究其應用在化妝品上面。The science and technology of nanomater will be the direction we will explore in the 21st century. After understanding surface area effect of nanometer particle, Small size effect, Quantum effect, and Macroscopic quantum tunnel effect, we can diswver the application is very far-fluing. For example:biochemistry, medical science,eneironment,national defense and industrial products,will devine a very important position.We mainly use sol-gel method to produce U-TiO?,and understand the absorption of UV and photocatalysis,plastics,mbber,purging air,and dealing with effluents.This experiment will use characteristic of absorbing UV of U-TiO? for researching the application of cosmstics.

在生活的觀察中，我們注意到人們在轉動呼拉圈時似乎是行一種「以軸轉動一個半徑遠大於軸半徑的環」的運動，在查過相關資料後，並沒有發現比較完整的探討。本研究的目的，是要找出在圓環被轉軸所驅動的運動模式中，影響環轉動頻率的各個因素，諸如：環半徑、環質量、轉軸半徑與環轉速之間的關係。根據我們所做的實驗，對相同的一個環而言，以半徑較小的軸用固定轉速轉動時，即使環的轉速變快，但始終與轉軸的轉速相等。由此我們推斷：無論環與軸之間的半徑關係為何，在環能穩定轉動的情況下，兩者的轉動週期將會相等。另外，在實驗的過程中，「軸驅動環」所引起的軸晃動一直困擾著我們，但這也引發了一項應用：如果原本穩定轉動的環和軸振動，則振動將被放大，藉此設計可以作為地震感測器。亦可作為儀器的保護裝置或是指向裝置。While playing a hula-hoop, we noticed that it seems to be a motion that the axis rotates a circle whose radius is larger than axis’. By checking relative theses, we found that there is no better research having fully discussed about this topic. The purpose of this research is to find out the motion pattern that a circle is rotated by the foce of an axis and the factors affecting rotation, such as radius and mass of circles, the radius of axes, and the frequency of axes and circles. According to our experience, no matter which height the circle stay at, or how fast the frequency of axis is, the frequency of circle will be the same. As a result of this, we guess that if it can be a stable circle, the frequencies of the axis and the circle shall be the same. Another confusing fact is the vibration of the axis, but it enables a new application: if a vibration affects a circle-axis system, the vibration will be enlarged. By this application, we are able to design an earth-quack senor, or protecting or pointing instruments as well.