台灣兒科病人罹患神經母細胞瘤者可檢測到微小病毒B19的存在
罹患神經母細胞瘤的兒科病人，尤其是罹患stage IVs 神經母細胞瘤者，他們有些伴隨著非常嚴重的貧血，但卻檢測不出神經母細胞瘤已經侵犯骨髓；有時病情來勢洶洶，尤其是腫瘤細胞中已可偵測到N-myc 基因增幅者，診斷時腫瘤細胞可能已在腹腔四處擴散並已侵犯大部分的肝臟。但是，某些這種病患，特別是腫瘤細胞中N-myc 基因沒增幅者，即使在沒有治療的狀況下卻可能有自然恢復的現象，也就是腫瘤細胞會自動消退，但原因仍待進一步的證實與探討。可是，這些病人在其病情最嚴重的時候，骨髓內紅血球母細胞形態上的改變顯示可能與病毒感染有關。但是關於病毒來源的研究，現有的資訊仍然十分有限，其中最重要的是，病毒感染與引發其後天之免疫作用是否有關，更需要深層的研究。因此，為更進一步了解罹患神經母細胞瘤之兒科病人的病毒感染及病毒蛋白表現的作用，我們這次研究的目的在檢驗罹患神經母細胞瘤及貧血之兒科病人與微小病毒B19 (PVB19)、Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)、腸病毒71 型(EV 71)和巨細胞病毒(CMV)的關係，以及病毒蛋白表現對這些病人的作用與臨床意義。In pediatric patients with neuroblastoma, in particular, those with stage IVs neuroblastoma, sometimes the disease was combined with severe anemia. However, no tumor involvement was detected in the bone marrow. Although some of these patients may have N-myc gene amplification, and the disease could have invaded many abdominal organs, especially liver, interestingly, the disease might regress spontaneously in some of these patients. The medical reason of the spontaneous regression, nonetheless, remains to be determined. It is worth noting that morphological changes of erythroid progenitor cells in the bone marrow have suggested virus infection in these pediatric patients. However, the available information of viral origin is limited. Furthermore, it is possible that the virus infection in these patients could be associated with the revocation of immune responses related to the spontaneous regression of the tumor. In this study we will investigate the relationship of parvovirus B19 (PVB19), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), enterovirus 71 (EV71) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) with neuroblastoma by PCR in Taiwanese pediatric patients. Moreover, we will study the effect and the clinical significance of viral gene expression as well as N-myc gene amplification in these patients.
無機砷與硒對染色體傷害之交互作用
中文摘要 重金屬對人體傷害的無遠弗屆-人人皆知，根據流行病學的研究指出，長期處在 重金屬含量過高之地區，易造成生理病變。比方說，長期生活在砷含量高的環境中， 易導致肝臟、周邊血管及神經系的損害，各種癌症的發生機率也大為提高。 本實驗以中國倉鼠卵巢細胞（CHO-K1）為材料，利用微核偵測技術(Michronuclei, MN)及姐妹染色分體互換(Sister chromatid exchanges, SCE)之誘引來探討亞硒酸鈉 (Sodium selenite, NaSeO2) 及亞砷酸鈉(Sodium arsenite, NaAsO2) 的交互作用 (interaction)。實驗結果顯示亞硒酸鈉本身不會造成MN 的增加，但讓SCE 頻率增加； 亞砷酸鈉會誘引增加MN 和SCE。亞硒酸鈉前處理不會減少亞砷酸鈉誘引之SCE 和 MN，但可微微降低亞砷酸鈉抑制雙核細胞(Bunucleated cells, BN)的形成，但是不明 顯。本實驗結果未能看出亞硒酸鈉前處理與亞砷酸鈉有明顯的交互作用，但發現亞 硒酸鈉會增加SCE 頻率，因此亞硒酸鈉做為保健食品值得進一步的關切及探討。 英文摘要 It is well-documented that exposure to heavy metals could cause seriously adverse effects to humans. Epidemiological evidence has shown that illness is frequently observed in residents living long-term in heavy metal contaminated area. For example, arsenic exposure was associated with increased incidences of liver diseases, peripheral vascular and neurological diseases, as well as cancers. In this report we investigated the interaction of selenite and arsenite on micronuclei (MN) and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) induction in Chinese hamster ovary-K1 (CHO-K1) cells. The present results demonstrated that sodium selenite by itself did not induce MN, but it did cause the increase of SCE frequency. Sodium arsenite significantly induced MN and SCE in CHO-K1 cells. Pretreatment of CHO-K1 cells with selenite could not reduce MN and SCE frequency induced by arsenite, but slightly prevent the cells from arsenite-induced inhibition of binucleated cell formation. In the present study, no significant interaction between sodium selenite pretreatment and sodium arsenite was observed. However, sodium selenite was unexpectedly found to enhance SCE frequency in CHO-K1 cells. The application of selenite as health protection agent warrants our concerns and further investigation.
關於1234-，2143-，3412-Avoiding Involution排列的統計量探討
令Sn 為{1,2,…,n}任意排列所成的集合，π ? Sn 為其中的一個元素，我們記π = (π(1), π(2),…, π(n))。今給定π ? Sn ，若對所有i,1? i ? n，都有π (π (i)) = i 時，我們稱π 為involution。假設π ? Sn ，並給定σ ? Sm (m ? n)，當π 中任取m 項，其大小關係的順序都和σ 不同，我們稱π 避開σ，或稱π 是一個σ-avoiding 排列。在這篇報告中，我們主要分析了2143-avoiding involution，1234-avoiding involution，和3412-avoiding involution 中的一些統計量，給出了十數個結果與幾個猜想。Let Sn be the set of permutations on {1,2,…,n} and π ? Sn be an element in Sn. Denote π as π = (π(1), π(2),…, π(n)). We say that π is an involution if π(π(i)) = i for every i, 1? i ? n. Given π ? Sn and σ ? Sm (m ? n) , we say that π avoids σ (or π is an σ-avoiding permutation) if π does not contain any m-term subsequence in the order of σ. In this paper, we discuss some classic statistics on 2143-avoiding involutions, 1234-avoiding involutions and 3412-avoiding involutions. We get many new results in this field and give some interesting conjectures.
Study of Highly Water - Absorbing Polymers from Natural Starch for Agricultural Use
The highly water-absorbing polymers were prepared by the reaction of acrylic acid as a graft\r monomer and natural starch (eg. rice starch, sticky rice starch or corn starch) as the backbone\r using water hydrogen peroxide and vitamin C as solvent, initiator and catalyst, respectively. The\r reaction was carried out by mixing of starch in distilling water and stirring at 60-70 ℃ for 3\r hours and then cooled to 30℃ Acrylic acid was added and the pH was adjusted to 6-9 by the\r addition of limestone powder. To the stirred mixture were then added hydrogen peroxide (30%\r v/v) and vitamin C and continued stirring for 3 hours until the solution became viscous The\r viscous solution was neutralized with potassium hydroxide (30%v/v) to give the pH for 6.5-7\r and allowed to cool to room temperature overnight. The resulting solution was spread on\r winnowing baskets and allowed to dry under the sun to yield a continuous absorbent polymer\r film. The absorbent polymer film was ground and yield of white powder, The above procedure\r was repeated by using another types of starch. The ability of starch slurry to swell on heating, by\r absorption of water, is it’s most important practical property. Rice starch has very low swelling\r capacity in aqueous media compare with sticky rice starch and corn starch. The capacities of\r water-absorbing polymer were tested by placing polymer powder in the beaker and adding of\r water until it swell and cannot absorb more water. The polymers were found to be an excellent\r water absorbent, which absorbed water about 248, 245 and 167 times in weight of polymer for\r corn starch, sticky rice starch and rice starch, respectively. The water retention was calculated by\r measuring the amount of water releasing after every week for 10 weeks. They have also good\r water retention capacity. The swollen polymers were mixed with soil in ratio 1:3 and the\r increasing water holding capacity of soils which promotes more efficient plant growth in pot were\r test. It was found that the soil could be absorbed water for 10 weeks. It is possible to use highly\r water-absorbing polymers from natural starch in agriculture because they are low in cost and the\r polysaccharide main portion of the product is biodegradable
可表為兩個平方數和的一種特定型式的數及其性質推廣研究~「Concatenating Squa
給定下面範例：\r 058823529411764705882 +235294117647058823532\r =0588235294117647058823529411764705882353，\r 其等式結果與質數17 的倒數結果(1/17)有某種關聯(卻沒有一個決定性的證據)，意即\r 1/17=0.0588235294117647=\r 0.058823529411764705882352941176470588235294117647...... ( Len(17) =16 )\r \r 曾經在下列網站上發現過幾組數字(挑戰試題)，引起我們極大的興趣。\r http://www.domino.research.ibm.com/Comm/wwwr_pondernsf/challenges/March2000.html\r http://www.math.smsu.edu/~les/POW08_96.html\r \r \r The two examples that I have are 0588 2+23532=05882353 and 058823529411764705882+23529411764705882353 2=0588235294117647058823529411764705882353 These were found by the Canadian professor Alf van der Poorten, and he gave a talk on these identities in December at the west coast number theory conference. He was unspecific as to exactly where these identities were coming from, but they are connected with reciprocals of primes:1/17 = 0.0588235294117647= 0.058823529411764705882352941176470588235294117647 ΛΛ ( Len(17) = 16 ) Though not mentioning how to obtain these equations, Prof. Poorten demonstrated the relationship between the above examples and the reciprocal of the prime numbers 17 (1/17 ) without a definitive proof.
由嘉義地區的氣象資料來探討二十四節氣與聖嬰現象
二十四節氣是中國古代對氣象觀測的智慧結晶，由於近幾年來聖\r 嬰與反聖嬰現象的影響，在透過嘉義氣象觀測站的協助之下，利用\r Excel 進行簡易的雨量和氣溫統計，並配合中央氣象局發布的環流型\r 態和農業災害，來探討二十四節氣在嘉義地區的適用性。\r 以陽曆來區分節氣，每年會誤差6 小時，加上四年一閏，剛好彌\r 補差距，農曆則需19 年。至於聖嬰現象對嘉義地區則呈現涼夏和暖\r 冬，但在反聖嬰現象中則變為加強四季之特性，即是熱夏與寒冬。兩\r 者都造成雨量集中夏秋兩季，形成冬春乾旱。至於二十四節氣則是以\r 夏、秋的氣溫和雨量相關的諺語較適合嘉義地區。\r Abstract\r The 24 Solar Terms, is the achievement of weather observation from\r ancient China. Because of the effects from El Nina and La Nina these\r years, we proceed simple statistics of rainfall and temperature by using\r Excel and the assistance from Chia-yi Weather Station. We adopt the\r Circulation Type and the damage of agriculture from Central Weather\r Bureau, to discuss if the 24 Solar Terms for in Chia-yi area.\r To divide the 24 Solar Terms according to the solar calendar, there’ll\r be a six –hour gap every year. The gap could be made up every four years.\r But with the lunar calendar, it takes nineteen years to offset. The El Nina\r shows cool summer and warm winter in Chia-yi area, but the La Nina\r emphasizes the characteristics of the four seasons. It shows hot summer\r and cold winter. Both of them rain mostly in summer and fall, and cause\r the drought in winter and spring. The saying of the 24 Solar Terms is\r suitable for the temperature and the rainfall during summer and fall in\r Chia-yi area.