2003年

本研究主要是探討翼端小翼對飛機飛行的影響，翼端小翼在現在不少的飛機上都有這種設計，假設小翼可以阻止飛機機翼末端的氣流上旋，進而增加升力與推力，讓飛機能提高飛行時的效率，為了驗證這個假設，因此製作了簡易風洞對小翼的升力與阻力進行定性和定量的探討。升力與阻力的定性定量探討是經由10 組主機翼與五個小翼組合，共有2000 次的測試記錄，再轉化成折線圖予以比較研究，而得到一個穩定性數值結果。這測試實驗的數值結果顯示：小翼可以增加升力，但是也會增加阻力，為了降低阻力，小翼的剖面最好是有弧度。The purpose of this research is to find out the effect resulted from the winglet of the plane to the flight. Many a winglet is nowadays designed for the airplane. Assumes the winglet can stop the air of the tail section of the airplane to revolve up, further increase the force of the raise and the push, and uplift the efficiency of the flight. In order to proof this assumption is correct, so makes an easy air hole to do the research of qualitative and quantitative analysis for the force of the raise and resistance. After about 2000 records tested through the combination of ten sets of the main wing and five tiny wings, and transference of curve diagram , we get a steadily value result. This test result appear the first the winglet can increase the force of the raise, and so do the resistance, and the second to have the force of the resistance decreased, it might be better the section of the winglet is not straight but circular.

本研究以網路上Soft X-ray、UV195Å、K-Line、Ｈα波段太陽影像上黑子，光斑經度位置的逐時變量，試求太陽自光球層以上各層是否有越高層轉速越慢的現象？經試用數種方法求大量黑子、光斑位置，最後以省時，且誤差減小的＂由PhotoShop軟體讀出黑子、光斑在圖檔中位置，於EXCEL軟體中套用日面座標公式＂，以Peter Meadows的黑子定位程式抽樣對驗，來求其經緯度值。結果：在任何緯度，光球層以上各層轉速不同（徑向較差自轉現象），但並非越高層越慢，而是在大部分緯度處其各層速度變化呈 的快慢交替現象。

中文摘要 重金屬對人體傷害的無遠弗屆-人人皆知，根據流行病學的研究指出，長期處在 重金屬含量過高之地區，易造成生理病變。比方說，長期生活在砷含量高的環境中， 易導致肝臟、周邊血管及神經系的損害，各種癌症的發生機率也大為提高。 本實驗以中國倉鼠卵巢細胞（CHO-K1）為材料，利用微核偵測技術(Michronuclei, MN)及姐妹染色分體互換(Sister chromatid exchanges, SCE)之誘引來探討亞硒酸鈉 (Sodium selenite, NaSeO2) 及亞砷酸鈉(Sodium arsenite, NaAsO2) 的交互作用 (interaction)。實驗結果顯示亞硒酸鈉本身不會造成MN 的增加，但讓SCE 頻率增加； 亞砷酸鈉會誘引增加MN 和SCE。亞硒酸鈉前處理不會減少亞砷酸鈉誘引之SCE 和 MN，但可微微降低亞砷酸鈉抑制雙核細胞(Bunucleated cells, BN)的形成，但是不明 顯。本實驗結果未能看出亞硒酸鈉前處理與亞砷酸鈉有明顯的交互作用，但發現亞 硒酸鈉會增加SCE 頻率，因此亞硒酸鈉做為保健食品值得進一步的關切及探討。 英文摘要 It is well-documented that exposure to heavy metals could cause seriously adverse effects to humans. Epidemiological evidence has shown that illness is frequently observed in residents living long-term in heavy metal contaminated area. For example, arsenic exposure was associated with increased incidences of liver diseases, peripheral vascular and neurological diseases, as well as cancers. In this report we investigated the interaction of selenite and arsenite on micronuclei (MN) and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) induction in Chinese hamster ovary-K1 (CHO-K1) cells. The present results demonstrated that sodium selenite by itself did not induce MN, but it did cause the increase of SCE frequency. Sodium arsenite significantly induced MN and SCE in CHO-K1 cells. Pretreatment of CHO-K1 cells with selenite could not reduce MN and SCE frequency induced by arsenite, but slightly prevent the cells from arsenite-induced inhibition of binucleated cell formation. In the present study, no significant interaction between sodium selenite pretreatment and sodium arsenite was observed. However, sodium selenite was unexpectedly found to enhance SCE frequency in CHO-K1 cells. The application of selenite as health protection agent warrants our concerns and further investigation.

茶由於其具有特殊的芳香氣味及口味，廣泛地被世人用為飲料，近年來的研究證據顯示茶具有促進身體健康和防癌功效，但茶中之成分，尤其兒茶素隨茶及茶沖泡方式而有所不同，因此對於茶中成分及沖泡方式的認知是一門重要的課題。 本實驗主要是探討茶沖泡方式及儲藏條件，對於茶液中成分變化的影響，探討的茶包含紅茶、烏龍茶、綠茶及其茶包。並使用質譜儀及高效能液相層析儀配備紫外光偵測器分析茶液中之成分，實驗結果顯示加蓋子的茶杯儲存茶時比沒蓋子的要好；成分變化速率又以未發酵的綠茶較發酵的紅茶和烏龍茶快；低溫儲存時，亦可延緩茶的成分變化，例如加蓋並存放於冰箱，茶甚至可置放至隔夜其成分均不會改變；尤其本實驗尚發現照光與否影響茶液成分變化甚鉅。;Tea is the most widely accepted and consumed beverage worldwide due to its characteristic aroma and taste. Recent studies have provided the strong scientific basis for understanding the health promoting effects and cancer preventive actions of tea. The components of tea especial the catechins are varied with the conditions of making tea. To understand and determine the chemical composition of tea is very important. Some investigations of the parameters on the storage and making of tea were carried on in this study. The kinds of tea studied were including black tea, oolong tea, green tea, and instant tea bags. A high performance liquid chromatograph combined with UV detector was used to analyze the components of tea. The results showed that the composition of tea solution is dependant of the exposure of light. The tea kept in cup with cover was better than that without cover. The ingredients in green tea were changed faster than those in fermentative black tea and oolong tea. The components of tea can be kept unchanged for a long time at low temperature. In refrigerator, the time can be extended to overnight.

此項研究是用溶氧計連續偵測培養液中之溶氧量，藉以分析固氮\r 單胞藻RF-1 的光合韻律。實驗的結果清楚地看出RF-1 之光合韻律，\r 而且能夠清晰地觀察到其中光合作用、呼吸作用和固氮作用之間的相\r 互關係。研究中還發現：在不進行光合作用時，RF-1 的固氮作用也\r 會停止；另一方面，在有進行光合作用、但是停止固氮作用的狀況下，\r RF-1 光合作用之韻律現象會喪失。這些實驗結果值得未來更深入地\r 探討。報告中也包括了單胞藻PCC6803 的光合韻律實驗，藉以做為\r 有固氮能力與沒有固氮能力藍綠藻之間的對照。The variation of dissolved oxygen (DO) in the culture of the\r unicellular nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium Synechococcus RF-1\r under diurnal light/dark condition was detected automatically by DO\r meter. The results indicated that the algae exhibited circadian\r photosynthetic rhythm. The results also revealed that a respiration\r rhythm occurred at dark phase when the culture was grown in\r nitrogen-free medium. There was correlation between the rhythm of\r photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation. The nitrogen-fixing activity\r could not be detected if the photosynthesis was stop by cultivated\r under continuous darkness. On the other hand, the rhythm of\r photosynthesis could not persist when the nitrogen-fixing activity\r was inhibited by NaNO3. In order to compare the difference\r between Synechococcus RF-1 and the cyanobacterium, which\r cannot fix nitrogen, the DO pattern of Synechocystis PCC6803 was\r also investigated.

Nd-YAG Laser 是目前最常被用來當作Pumping Source(汲發光源)，較早期是使用discharge lamppumping，但是閃光燈的發光頻率並非完全落在Nd-YAG 晶體的吸收帶上，因此大量的能量轉變為熱能，十分的浪費能源，且增加冷卻系統的負荷。因為discharge lamp pumping 是一種氣體放電的過程，每次放電的時間和能量都有很大的不穩定性。所以高效率、高穩定性的Laserdiode 便成為pumping source 的另一種選擇。在此實用價值下，便決心以一組Laserdiode Pumped Nd-YAG Laser的套件，使用AlGaAs Laserdiode 作為pumping source，來汲發Nd-YAG 晶體，所有物件被固定在同一個rail(軌道)上，從對光到汲發晶體(增益介質Nd-YAG 晶體)，到產生1,064nm 的紅外光雷射，及其倍頻532nm 的綠光雷射，正可作為一完整的雷射訓練過程。

My aim was to test the effectiveness of coolboxes under different\r conditions, to use this information to do comparisons using commercially\r available coolboxes and finally to build an effective and cheaper coolbox\r appropriate to Namibia\r The general method used to compare different coolboxes involved\r measuring the rate at which ice melted inside the cool boxes under\r different conditions.

令Sn 為{1,2,…,n}任意排列所成的集合，π ? Sn 為其中的一個元素，我們記π = (π(1), π(2),…, π(n))。今給定π ? Sn ，若對所有i,1? i ? n，都有π (π (i)) = i 時，我們稱π 為involution。假設π ? Sn ，並給定σ ? Sm (m ? n)，當π 中任取m 項，其大小關係的順序都和σ 不同，我們稱π 避開σ，或稱π 是一個σ-avoiding 排列。在這篇報告中，我們主要分析了2143-avoiding involution，1234-avoiding involution，和3412-avoiding involution 中的一些統計量，給出了十數個結果與幾個猜想。Let Sn be the set of permutations on {1,2,…,n} and π ? Sn be an element in Sn. Denote π as π = (π(1), π(2),…, π(n)). We say that π is an involution if π(π(i)) = i for every i, 1? i ? n. Given π ? Sn and σ ? Sm (m ? n) , we say that π avoids σ (or π is an σ-avoiding permutation) if π does not contain any m-term subsequence in the order of σ. In this paper, we discuss some classic statistics on 2143-avoiding involutions, 1234-avoiding involutions and 3412-avoiding involutions. We get many new results in this field and give some interesting conjectures.

二十四節氣是中國古代對氣象觀測的智慧結晶，由於近幾年來聖\r 嬰與反聖嬰現象的影響，在透過嘉義氣象觀測站的協助之下，利用\r Excel 進行簡易的雨量和氣溫統計，並配合中央氣象局發布的環流型\r 態和農業災害，來探討二十四節氣在嘉義地區的適用性。\r 以陽曆來區分節氣，每年會誤差6 小時，加上四年一閏，剛好彌\r 補差距，農曆則需19 年。至於聖嬰現象對嘉義地區則呈現涼夏和暖\r 冬，但在反聖嬰現象中則變為加強四季之特性，即是熱夏與寒冬。兩\r 者都造成雨量集中夏秋兩季，形成冬春乾旱。至於二十四節氣則是以\r 夏、秋的氣溫和雨量相關的諺語較適合嘉義地區。\r Abstract\r The 24 Solar Terms, is the achievement of weather observation from\r ancient China. Because of the effects from El Nina and La Nina these\r years, we proceed simple statistics of rainfall and temperature by using\r Excel and the assistance from Chia-yi Weather Station. We adopt the\r Circulation Type and the damage of agriculture from Central Weather\r Bureau, to discuss if the 24 Solar Terms for in Chia-yi area.\r To divide the 24 Solar Terms according to the solar calendar, there’ll\r be a six –hour gap every year. The gap could be made up every four years.\r But with the lunar calendar, it takes nineteen years to offset. The El Nina\r shows cool summer and warm winter in Chia-yi area, but the La Nina\r emphasizes the characteristics of the four seasons. It shows hot summer\r and cold winter. Both of them rain mostly in summer and fall, and cause\r the drought in winter and spring. The saying of the 24 Solar Terms is\r suitable for the temperature and the rainfall during summer and fall in\r Chia-yi area.

本研究探討不同的控制變因，對磁性流體薄膜在水平磁場下有序結構的影響。我們發現，外加水平磁場於磁流體薄膜時，會形成一維有序磁鍊排列，磁鍊間距除會隨著磁場增強而變小外，另外其條件值如磁場強度、流體濃度、磁增率、薄膜寬度及厚度等也影響磁鍊間距。其中磁增率及磁流體濃度增加會使磁鍊間距變小，而凹槽寬度及薄膜厚度增加會使磁鍊間距變大等現象。至於其形成磁鍊的物理作用，我們假設薄膜有三種能量交互作用，即(1)磁鍊與外加磁場間的磁能UdH。(2)兩條同方向磁化的磁鍊間相互排斥所造成的磁能Udd。(3)熱能Uther等。藉由系統能量Udh+Udd+Uther最小化，我們導出了磁鍊間距和外加磁場之間理論上的關係，並比較實驗結果確實具有相當的一致性。因這些有序結構會引發許多的光學性質，將來這些特殊的光學性質預料應可製成可調式光柵、光開關及顯示器等光電元件，使磁流體在奈米世界及光電領域裡扮演重要角色。We investigate experimentally the structure of the magnetic chains formed in the magnetic fluid thin film under the influence of the external magnetic field parallel to the film surface. A one-dimensional ordered structure forced by magnetic chains can be obtain in the magnetic fluid film. It is worth noting that the ordered structure can be manipulated by changing the control parameters such as the magnetic field, concentration of magnetic fluid, the thickness of the film, the width of the film, and the dH/dt. On the other hand, the physical mechanism of forming the ordered structure can be also studied theoretically. These magnetic chains are regarded as magnetic dipoles and three possible interactions are condisered for the energy of the system: the attracting potential energy between the magnetic chain and H(denoted by UdH),the repulsive potential energy between two magnetic chains with parallel magnetizations(denoted by Udd), and the thermal energy Uther. The relationship between the chain distance △x and the applied magnetic field H was derived by minimizing the total energy of the system with respect to the chain distance. The experimental data is consistent with the theoretical results.