全國中小學科展

2012年

海鱺血清濃度對海鱺鰭細胞成長的影響

本文以動物細胞培養方法探討培養基中添加海鱺血清(CS)來培養海鱺鰭細胞株(CF-2)的可行性。發現CF-2單層細胞培養在L15-10/0 (L15 添加10% FBS)、L15-5/5 (L15添加5%FBS及5%CS)、L15-2.5/7.5、L15-0/0、L15-0/1.25、L15-0/2.5、L15-0/5、L15-0/10及L15-0/20等培養基6天後,其細胞數分別為最初的4.16、10.8、12、0.97、4.9、5.64、8.14、11.36及9.72倍。細胞接種於L15-0/0、L15-0/1、L15-0/2、L15-0/4、L15-0/8及L15-0/16等培養基24小時後,其附著率則分別為23.1%、96.9%、94.8%、93%、84.5%及39.5%。 CF-2繼代後直接培養在28℃,L15-0/2培養基中,細胞附著及成長良好,5-6天後再以1對2進行繼代。目前已在L15-0/2培養基中培養12代以上,命名為CF-2cs。在1%-16%海鱺血清濃度下,其增殖能力隨濃度增加而增加。培養在pH 7.6、pH 7.3、 pH7.0及pH 6. 7 的L15-0/2培養基中發現pH7.0為其生長最適酸鹼度。CF-2cs對嘉蠟魚虹彩病毒(RSIV),文蛤呼腸病毒(HCRV)及淋巴囊腫瘤病毒(LCDV)等三種魚類病毒具有感受性。以90%L15-0/2及10%DMSO超低溫冷凍保存CF-2cs,解凍後細胞附著及生長良好並在2-3天後長成單層。此外,L15-0/2也可直接用來培養RGB及RSS兩種源自於玳瑁石斑及銀紋笛鯛的初代細胞。這些結果顯示海鱺血清可完全取代胎牛血清來培養魚類細胞。

My parking space ,, My Right !!

An Automatic Fine system for the handy-caps parking spaces We human beings Are developing creatures, And we believe that the Importance of scientific innovations depends on how much can they contribute in humanities services. Me and my friend worked so hard to present an Invention or a system that is going to make people lives better. In this point of view that we humans believe in. We work hard and we present Inventions, science fears, and new Ideas by a purpose and an intention that those thoughts, Inventions, Ideas, researches …etc. Will make us better people And will help in building a brighter future for mankind. Invention identity Name of the invention: My parking space,, My Right !! Components: Ultrasonic sensor, color sensor, RFID sensor and reader, buzzer, lights, NXT robot, conductive means (wires) How does the invention work? Operating Process The first point we want to make it clear to you that we have two stages: now (present) and later in real life. For the moment : We are using an educational robot (NXT mindstorm) with a programme from our design , using the Ultrasonic sensor to know if there is a car parking or not then using a color sensor to determine if the car is allowed to park or not And if not then write a ticket and a fine but before that it gives an alarm to notice the driver. The main objective of the invention We want to help maintaining the lost rights for the handy-cap people in their parking spots. Because we gave them less than what the numbers say we should of give them so we didn't give them what they deserve and we came at the same time and steeled it from them. this invention is used: usage fields This invention will be used in the handy-caps parking spaces as well as they will help of the economic. It can be employed and used instead of a lot of security persons or traffic Police department. The future vision of the invention It can be combined in a one small unit and with touch panels to know if there is a car parking or not, RFID to determine if the car is allowed or not to park in this space and a camera to know the exact car or maybe by reading the electronic chip in the cars plate .

Comfortable Equipment for Pedestrians

The phenomenon of pedestrians nowadays is still found. Due to frequent walking, sometimes our legs feel tired and hard to move. This is become the basis for developing tools that are convenient for pedestrians. An easy tool for humans is needed for our activities, especially walking. The Synergy between our hands and feet provides a big and significant contribution to the appliance. Normally, the movement of our hand gets along with its motion with a different side of the foot. When the right foot step, then the left hand is swung forward, and vice versa. The tools can be developed by utilizing a variety of systems. The system includes the tools concentric wheel and axles system, spring system, and pulley system. The concentric wheel and axles system is useful in controlling the rope. Movement on the rope could activate the entire system on the appliance. Wheel that related with the hand is three times bigger than wheel that related with pulley that is applied on foot. Spring system is able to lighten the pressure of the foot with a given upward force, and able to provide downward force when the spring returned to its original position. While the pulley system on the tool used to provide mechanical advantage two times is also useful to lighten the pressure of the foot when walking. The tools can be designed with simple, and able to provide benefits to users. By trial and error, it shows that the tool is able to lighten human’s activity when they walk. The tool can be able to lighten the leg’s load by utilizing arm muscles work. Utilization of the arm muscles which helps to ease the pressure of the foot can provide more benefits. One of them is that it can strengthen the arm strength, so the tool can be used as sport equipment. Utilization of the tool can also be reserved for special people who have difficulty in walking due to an accident or birth with leg defect.

智慧型日光燈節能系統

本研究以增進日光燈管使用效率為目標,設計出一套整合型的系統以減少不必要的浪費。我們將感知用的硬體設備與自行開發的軟體程式作結合,使系統能夠在感知到日光燈管的各種狀態後,做出相對應的處置。其狀況包含:1.無電時系統會警告,以避免誤判的情形;2.有電時燈管正常運作;3.有電時燈管閃爍或不亮,此時系統會切斷日光燈管的電力,並記錄資訊。以上述系統為基礎,我們搭配紅外線模組來達到有人在才開燈,無人時自動斷電;亦加入偵測環境用的光敏電阻來達到光線暗時才開燈,光線亮時會自動斷電。依據測試,閃爍的燈管會比正常燈管多消耗30%的耗電量,壞掉不亮的燈管亦會消耗正常燈管70%的耗電量,對能源越來越少的今天,我們的系統提供了另一種節能的機制。

Human Computer Interface

Contains two human-computer interfaces. The first is an interface for blind people to perceive visual sensations using his tongue. Images from a webcam is processed with artificial intelligence software and is placed as a sensory matrix under the tongue. Currently the sensor placed on the tongue is about 8x8 pixels. The sight and the taste divide similar areas on the cortex so the blind person can adapt very quickly to the image sent on his tongue as an electricity matrix. Taste buds are the second sensor matrix after the eyes(as resolution) is based on the same principle of the Braile code but the information is received by tongue and it's proportional with the image from webcam and the person can receive more informations. The second interface follows the intent of motion detection of a person with disabilities. It is based on processing the neural signal of the brain taken by an handmade encephalograph and processing them with a artificial intelligence on computer. The project contains hardware and software. This project tries to suggest that the human computer interfaces can be made to support people with disabilities.

Applications of Biofuel Technologies for Third World Countries

Innovative, inexpensive, sustainable fuel for cooking and light can be produced with an anaerobic digestion biogas system. A biodigester was designed from parts that are locally available to purchase and maintain in a developing nation. The prototype was designed, built and the engineering was approved and tested. Research and testing of techniques used to produce biogas were recorded and analyzed. The digester successfully produced enough biogas to connect to a stove and burn. Research and testing continued on different ways to pressurize the biogas. A burn time of eleven minutes was recorded. A Bunsen burner was designed, again from locally available parts, in order to enhance the flame to use for cooking. The designed digester and burner worked satisfactorily to burn the biogas collected in the system. Using small scale tests, additional research and testing continued on the most efficient production of the biogas. Figure 1 shows the results of the small scale biogas testing. The results from the small scale testing showed that the best variables for producing biogas are using school compost, ie apples, bananas, oranges, cucumbers, grapefruit, grapes etc, which has been blended to acquire the most surface area with a 1:1 ratio. Figure 3 shows the results of a sample of methane (first three peaks) and of the biogas that was produced (last two peaks). The first peak is the nitrogen and the oxygen in the sample. The second peak is the methane and the third peak is carbon dioxide. The first biogas sample that was tested had no methane so there was an absence of the second peak. This was similar for Figures 4 and 5. Figure 6 shows a sample of the final biogas product which is producing methane as shown by the blue circle. Figures 3 through 5 lack a methane peak due to leaks in the biogas system and limited time within testing periods. The hypothesis was proved correct. An innovative, inexpensive, sustainable fuel for cooking and light using an anaerobic digestion system that can be built completely in developing nations such as Honduras was created. The biogas was ignited using a stove which provided heat for cooking. The biogas was not tested using a light; however, since the biogas can burn, this is theoretically possible. The final system achieved these goals.

以交聯化羊膜為模式探討Wnt路徑保存表皮幹細胞之分子機轉

研究目的:以交聯技術改良羊膜,增進其培養並維持表皮幹細胞的效能;並以其為模式,探討Wnt訊息於基底膜上維持表皮幹細胞之機轉。 研究過程:用EDC交聯羊膜(HLE/CLDAM)、天然羊膜(HLE/DAM)或純化之基底膜蛋白培養角膜表皮幹細胞,以細胞群落形成作用分析幹細胞之保存;以免疫螢光染色法、real-time PCR及西方墨點法觀察幹細胞及分化標記之表現、β-catenin、Tcf4、Lef1、integrin β1及integrin-linked kinase (ILK) 之變化。以ILK SiRNA及cDNA分別下調或上調ILK於HLE之表現,並觀察其對Wnt相關蛋白質及p63表現之影響。 研究結果: HLE/CLDAM組比HLE/DAM組表現更高量的幹細胞群落與標記,並可見β-catenin轉移至細胞核、Tcf4及ILK之表現。加入GSK3-β抑制劑促進表皮細胞之群落形成及p63之表現。調控ILK基因可造成相對應之Wnt訊息及p63蛋白之表現。純化之基底膜蛋白活化Wnt訊息及表現p63蛋白,但產量很少。 結論:交聯化羊膜比天然羊膜更能保存角膜表皮幹細胞,其機轉為ILK活化Wnt路徑,後者再作用於p63基因,從而活化幹細胞相關因子。 運用:交聯化羊膜可取代天然羊膜培養角膜表皮幹細胞;培養基質表面的複雜性可用來調控幹細胞之分化,從而提高體外培養幹細胞之效能。

探討生物材料對骨髓間質幹細胞成骨分化效率之影響

本實驗之目的在利用骨髓間質幹細胞 (Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells, BMSCs) 培養為平台,篩選能提升BMSCs成骨分化效率的生物材料。實驗中利用osteogenic induction medium (OIM)使BMSCs朝成骨分化路徑進行,分別在第7(前期)、14(中期)、21(後期)天作Alizarin Red Stain assay(ARS assay)測定鈣沉積之效率作為評估標準,而後於平面上塗覆不同生物材料進行測試,根據實驗結果顯示,Gelatin主要在中期就可達到最高成骨分化效率,而PCL與HA到後期亦能顯著提高成骨分化效率。當進入3D立體成骨誘導試驗時,我們發現Gelatin、HA的複合材料能保持平面之特性且結合二者優點,並且更能有效提升成骨分化之效率。

A Physical Analysis of the Difference in Ungues of Insects on Types of Habitat

1. Purpose of the research While studying about insects for school club activity, we found that there are differences in several anatomical characters of the insects according their habitats. Especially, the unguis was different as whether the insect lives in water or on land. So we observed the structure of unguis of some insects by microscope, and physically analyze to relate with the habitat of each insect. 2. Procedures First, we read papers and books about insect morphology to study about insect's unguis. Then, we collected samples of Chironomus plumosus(larva), Neuronia regina(larva), and Carbula humerigera. After pretreatment of samples, we put them in the SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope), observed the unguis of each insect and took pictures. 3. Data First, the larva of Chironomus plumosus has prolegs with numberless hooks that has a certain arrangement and the same angle of 90º. They also has several tiny swellings around the hook. Next, the larva of Neuronia regina has pincer-like unguis which were sharp and bend, reminding the shape of a quadratic curve. Lastly, Carbula humerigera has two large, thick pincer unguis, its form same as the of Neuronia regina. The unguis are very sharp and faced towards the land. 4. Conclusions Both the aquatic insects and the terrestrial insects have structures in unguis developed to increase precision on land. Especially, the angle of unguis were all close to 90º. In addition, aquatic insects like the larvas of Chironomus plumosus or Neuronia regina have particular characters increasing friction force according to resist the flow of water.

Fast Fabulous Flush

Water is very vital in our lives as we cannot live without it. However our world is now facing a serious problem. Owing to the increasing population, water resources are scarce. In recent years, we can see that droughts have been affecting millions of people around the globe. In the meantime, people in developed countries have been wasting huge amount of water for flushing the toilet. According to the US Environmental Protection Agency, 30% of household water goes toward flushing the toilet. Countries like China, US, Canada and UK are still using fresh water in flushing, consuming 190 million L of fresh water every day, not to mention the energy needed in pumping the water. In fact, it is not necessary to use so much water to flush away substances like tissue, hair, urine etc. The water we used is far more than we need. However, as we cannot control how much water is used when we flush, all water in the cistern is flushed away. Realizing the seriousness of water shortage and wastage in flushing, we tried to invent a device to conserve water by controlling the amount of flushing water used. Firstly, we study the principle of normal flushing system so as to understand why flushing cannot be controlled. Then, we tried to think of ways to control flushing. We have tried various methods and materials. After the 6-month testing and modification, we successfully invented Fast Fabulous Flush. It is a device which can be fit into existing cistern to conserve water. With our invention, users can control the amount of water flushed according to needs, so as not to waste unnecessary water. Our invention costs a low price which is no more than 2 US dollar. Also, it can be fit into existing cistern within 3 minutes with simple installation process. Most importantly, flushing water can be conserved effectively. It is estimated that around 200L of water can be saved per household every day.