2012年

將水加入溶液上方會造成溶質向上擴散，而造成濃度和濃度梯度的變化。我們使用簡易的實驗儀器算出不同時間各位置的濃度和梯度變化。書上大多假設濃度梯度成鐘型曲線分佈的簡單模型描述擴散過程，但只能用在擴散係數為定值的情況。從實驗或參考資料顯示，擴散係數會隨濃度而變，因此擴散現象常呈現非高斯之分佈，故我們以自己設計的實驗分析溶液在較高濃度時的「非高斯型擴散」，直接測量並計算不同濃度下的擴散速率、擴散係數。研究分子擴散行為理論未完全建立，擴散目前屬於半實驗的科學，此實驗設計與分析方式可供作擴散理論發展的參考。

An Automatic Fine system for the handy-caps parking spaces We human beings Are developing creatures, And we believe that the Importance of scientific innovations depends on how much can they contribute in humanities services. Me and my friend worked so hard to present an Invention or a system that is going to make people lives better. In this point of view that we humans believe in. We work hard and we present Inventions, science fears, and new Ideas by a purpose and an intention that those thoughts, Inventions, Ideas, researches …etc. Will make us better people And will help in building a brighter future for mankind. Invention identity Name of the invention: My parking space,, My Right !! Components: Ultrasonic sensor, color sensor, RFID sensor and reader, buzzer, lights, NXT robot, conductive means (wires) How does the invention work? Operating Process The first point we want to make it clear to you that we have two stages: now (present) and later in real life. For the moment : We are using an educational robot (NXT mindstorm) with a programme from our design , using the Ultrasonic sensor to know if there is a car parking or not then using a color sensor to determine if the car is allowed to park or not And if not then write a ticket and a fine but before that it gives an alarm to notice the driver. The main objective of the invention We want to help maintaining the lost rights for the handy-cap people in their parking spots. Because we gave them less than what the numbers say we should of give them so we didn't give them what they deserve and we came at the same time and steeled it from them. this invention is used: usage fields This invention will be used in the handy-caps parking spaces as well as they will help of the economic. It can be employed and used instead of a lot of security persons or traffic Police department. The future vision of the invention It can be combined in a one small unit and with touch panels to know if there is a car parking or not, RFID to determine if the car is allowed or not to park in this space and a camera to know the exact car or maybe by reading the electronic chip in the cars plate .

1. Purpose of the research While studying about insects for school club activity, we found that there are differences in several anatomical characters of the insects according their habitats. Especially, the unguis was different as whether the insect lives in water or on land. So we observed the structure of unguis of some insects by microscope, and physically analyze to relate with the habitat of each insect. 2. Procedures First, we read papers and books about insect morphology to study about insect's unguis. Then, we collected samples of Chironomus plumosus(larva), Neuronia regina(larva), and Carbula humerigera. After pretreatment of samples, we put them in the SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope), observed the unguis of each insect and took pictures. 3. Data First, the larva of Chironomus plumosus has prolegs with numberless hooks that has a certain arrangement and the same angle of 90º. They also has several tiny swellings around the hook. Next, the larva of Neuronia regina has pincer-like unguis which were sharp and bend, reminding the shape of a quadratic curve. Lastly, Carbula humerigera has two large, thick pincer unguis, its form same as the of Neuronia regina. The unguis are very sharp and faced towards the land. 4. Conclusions Both the aquatic insects and the terrestrial insects have structures in unguis developed to increase precision on land. Especially, the angle of unguis were all close to 90º. In addition, aquatic insects like the larvas of Chironomus plumosus or Neuronia regina have particular characters increasing friction force according to resist the flow of water.

世界上有許多病患，需要在體內植入電子醫療裝置，才能維持生命。然而，電池充電的問題卻一直無法克服，於是必須透過開刀重新更換電池，如此不僅增加病患的痛苦，也增加了醫療成本與環保問題。然而，過去研究以提高電池蓄電量為主，只有極少數研究著重在探討隔空充電技術，例如:動物體內電池充電。本研究主要是應用電磁感應原理，設計一套可以針對實驗兔體內體溫發射器的電池進行充電的方法，及探討充電過程所產生的電磁輻射及其影響。我們的初步研究成果顯示: (一)將24V與18V兩種電壓分別輸入電磁棒，在實驗兔動物身體表面進行充電，發現可產生的最高充電電壓值分別為4.75 V與3.64V。(二)充電30分鐘後可讓體溫發射器每二秒發射一次訊號，為期長達8天。(三) 將24V與18V兩種電壓分別輸入電磁棒，在距離電磁棒5-60cm的範圍，最大的電磁輻射值為179.6mG及0.1 mG。本研究證實我們設計的電磁棒可以對兔子體內電池進行隔空充電，並且不會對實驗兔子造成電磁輻射傷害。我們建議未來可以應用此方法解決動物體內醫療電子元件的充電問題。

對於轉向次數K→∞且轉向角ɵ為任意角時，各收斂點P於坐標平面上恰形成圓C：。已知U為x軸上任一點且坐標為(u,0)，當ɵ改變時，p1p2與UP之交點S的軌跡為圓錐曲線（點、直線、拋物線、橢圓、雙曲線）。當U=c 時，交點S的軌跡為橢圓，此橢圓的長軸長為圓C半徑（r/1-r2 ），且焦點為P1(1,0)與C(1/1-r2,0)。各轉向點Pn(nÎN)位於一個方程式為，定角為之等角螺線上；同時繪出轉向次數k在不同值時，瓢蟲行進終點之軌跡，以驗證當k愈來愈大時，各終點形成的軌跡會趨近於一個圓。當k=2時，圖形為蚶線並證明其經平移後之極坐標方程式為R=r+2r2cosɵ。最後我們展示行進公比 r→1-，r=1 ， r→1+ 時所呈現的終點軌跡，並對此軌跡所呈現出的意象與自然界連結，而其實質關聯性則有待未來研究。

Over the past year Conor has been developing an electronic time keeping device named Hourglass. Hourglass has a three-fold focus on functionality, intuitive design and simplicity. To simplify the device he has limited the hardware to a bare minimum. Just three buttons and an LCD screen comprise the user-interface. Although this interface is simple, the user can access many features. These include intuitive scrolling menus, countdown, lap and alarm functions, accessed through button combinations as well as multiple ways to use single buttons, such as holding or short pressing. Many functions have been integrated into the device, such as a stopwatch with lap times, a countdown, up to 99 Custom Alarms with an individual active/inactive state and a lock/unlock feature. The stopwatch is accurate to 1 second and can be started, stopped, reset and used to record lap times. When laps have been recorded, the user can then take the time value of a lap and turn it into a countdown. A countdown of up to 99 hours can be set, and will run until deactivated or until it reaches zero. Upon reaching zero the alarm is activated. The home screen displays the time, any active countdown and notifies the user if an alarm is active. It can be locked or unlocked by holding the blue button a set period of time, helping to reduce any inadvertent change in setting. All of the functions available can be operated easily with the intuitive 3 button interface method. The menu system is simple, but has been set up through clever coding. An arrow indicated which option is selected, by pressing the top button on the clock the option above the current selection is selected/the menu scrolls up. Pressing the bottom button selects the next option in the downward direction/scrolls down. The button in the centre positioned off to the left is used to activate an option. When a Yes or No prompt appears on the screen, the action corresponds with the button position. Therefore the triangle layout of the buttons is simple and intuitive. Thus Conor’s device relies on complicated, yet elegantly formulated and annotated code and simple hardware interfaces to interact with the user in a way which is intuitive and provides great functionality. It does this while being simple and easy to understand. Here these principles are applied to a clock project, but there are implications for good design that go way beyond this context.

本研究受2004 IWYMIC啓發，此題可追溯自二十世紀數篇以「know/don’t know problem」為題的論文，共同背景如下： 有數個邏輯學家分別戴上寫有特定數值的帽子。他們會完美的推理且不會說謊。作為玩家，他們輪流發言並試圖推斷自己的帽上數。 我們致力於和帽上數範圍、發言順序、構句相關的變形，透過數論技巧求解並以「相鄰矩陣」表示過程。另對原題缺點提出「候選數」之概念、改進規則；而找到能代替複雜推理的簡單操作後，我們分析、證明了它們的特殊性質。 應用上，玩家產生對話的過程可作為雜湊函數使用。未來，本研究可再推廣至更多更自由的構句、納入三個玩家、或允許誤導等等，以豐富遊戲。

The didactic prototype for the teaching of the pneumatic Basic is designed, so teachers can instruct knowledgement of pneumatics focused to identification, handling and application of its elements based on constructivist theory in which the student learns making, working on projects and in a collaborative way. This implies that his presentation should include the basic elements to be used in this study area, as well as allowing that the student can interact with it, still easy to use, and take them by the teacher into his area of education, which can be a classroom, room, Auditorium, workshop, lab, and even training courses to the industry, the only thing that requires is compressed air (2 to 4 bars). As well as, to create a secure environment for the user when this is manipulating. Its construction based on a compact, lightweight and ergonomic, structure to ensure that it can be transported without difficulty. Also that must comply with the minimum essential to enable the student to acquire competencies in the curriculum which consider the identification, handling and application of pneumatic elements; IE has the following 2 directional valves 3/2 NC, 1 directional valve 3/2 NC-operated with a knob, 2 valves 3/2 pneumatic drive, a 5/2 valve NC NC of stable pneumatic drive, 1 valve of simultaneity or function, and 1 valve selector or function, or double effect with pressure regulator piston1 piston of double effect, 1 piston for simple effect, 1 valve 3/2 NC with motorized drive and roller.

Ferrers diagram是指在n個小方格中填入數字的圖表，且必須有： (1)方格緊密堆積在一個矩形的左上角 (2)每個方格的值分別定義為：(正右方的方格數)+(正下方的方格數)+1 (Hook length) 而所感興趣的問題是：如果有一個Ferrers diagram，那麼至少需要知道多少幾個格子的位置與它們的值，則整個Ferrers diagram就可以被唯一的確定下來。 我們稱具有上述性值的格子所構成的“子圖”為特徵圖，顯然整個diagram也是一個特徵圖；那麼，特徵圖至少又需要有幾個格子呢？於是定義特徵圖中格子個數最少的為最小特徵圖，因此問題轉變成探討最小特徵圖的大小(即格子個數)。 我們的研究結果是最小特徵圖的大小跟原本diagram中值為“1”的方格數(文內一般以K來表示值為“1”的方格數)有密切關係，關係如下： (1)最小特徵圖的大小≦K+1 (2)廣義最小特徵圖的大小 (3)狹義最小特徵圖的大小 同時，我們也有實例說明以上不等式的等號是可以成立的；換言之最小特徵圖的格子數之最小上界為K+1，廣義最小特徵圖的格子數之最大下界為，而狹義最小特徵圖的格子數之最大下界為 。

奈米技術在 20 世紀後期蓬勃發展，而具有奈米及孔洞的超分子更為化學家所積極尋求合成上的突破與挑戰， 超分子化學用來探討一些分子間較弱、可恢復性的作用力，以期製備一系列具有功能性的孔洞材料 。 其主 要分為以下六種： 1. 凡德瓦力 (van der Waals forces，energy -1) 2. π-π堆疊作用力 (π-π stacking interactions ，energy= 0~50kJ‧mol-1) 3. 氫鍵 (hydrogen bonds，energy energy = 4~50kJ‧mol -1) 4. 偶極 -偶極作用力 (dipole -dipole interactions，energy= 5~50kJ ‧mol -1) 5. 陽離子-π作用力 (cation interactions， energy = 5~80kJ ‧mol -1) 6. 離子 -偶極作用力 (ion-dipole interactions，energy= 50~200kJ ‧mol -1) 而分子自組裝即利用這些作力， 依熱學最安定的合發生然排列現象可應用於分離、化學感氣體儲存子交換導熱以及光電性。 本研究主要利用混合掌性異構物的酒石酸鉀鈉與硝酸鈣或鎂，在水酒精的環境下進行自組裝，利用簡單與無毒的自組裝合成法，讓右旋酒 石酸分子鎂金屬配位而左石酸分子與鈣金屬配位，別得到掌性聚合物除了將兩種 掌性異構物分離，也 實踐綠色化學中無毒與環保的概念 。