全國中小學科展

2025年

探討在秀麗隱桿線蟲中IFE-1經由sRNA路徑對於精子生成機制的影響

sRNA在各種物種的精子功能中起著至關重要的作用。在秀麗隱桿線中,當缺少精子相關的sRNA「ALG-3/4 26G sRNA」會導致其在25度時不孕。此外,IFE-1是人類真核轉譯起始因子EIF4E的直系同源基因,主要表達於雄性生殖細胞系統中。在先前研究中我們觀察到當「真核轉譯起始因子IFE-1有缺陷」或「精子缺少相關sRNA」時,亦會導致精子具有缺陷。由於三者的相似性,我們認為IFE-1和26G sRNA的生成路徑有關。因此我們假設IFE-1參與協助酵素NYN-3辨認並切割msd-1 mRNA模板後促進26G sRNA生成。我們使用Western Blot、IP、螢光顯微鏡等方法,探討了IFE-1和MSD-1::GFP的關係,發現在ife-1正常的情況下,高溫對於MSD-1::GFP的表現量沒有影響。並且因該蛋白只表現在公蟲精子,我們可以推論msd-1:gfp 只作用於公蟲精子。而此疑似可正向調控基因表現的26G sRNA,有望發展成有別於過往sRNA藥物抑制基因表現的一種新基因治療方法。

旋轉鏈條張力分析及擾動波速研究

此實驗在研究一條環狀鏈條被吊起並開始旋轉時,在不同轉速下敲擊後所產生擾動波的現象。其中主要分析鏈條上波速和鏈條旋轉速度之間的關係。首先我們利用雷射切割機自製轉盤,並觀察到旋轉鏈條在不同轉速、敲擊不同位置時,在鏈條上所產生的波。我們接著用手機拍下此現象並用Tracker標記波的位置變化,放入Excel用回歸分析作圖之後,推測波速和鏈條轉速之間的關係。我們接著研究金屬鏈條碰觸地面受到摩擦力作用產生的週期性振盪,我們提出理論模型並估算週期,計算的結果與實驗數據吻合。最後研究旋轉鏈條被挑出圓盤後在地面移動的情形,分析移動距離、移動時間與轉速之間的關係。

快速合成金屬有機骨架複合材料用於微量工業廢氣吸附移除Rapid synthesis of metal-organic framework composites for removal of trace industrial waste gases

本研究開發一種新穎孔洞性吸附材料:金屬有機骨架 (MOF)。MOF 在反應溶液中自組裝形成孔洞結構,透過物理吸附有效捕捉氣相乙酸分子。研發出綠色、快速可在常溫常壓下大量合成三種MOF(HKUST-1(Cu)、UTSA-280(Ca) 及 A520(Al))方法。此外,為提升材料機械強度和應用價值,採用 PVA 聚合技術製備 MOF 複合物,使其造粒型化更易處理,提升商業和環境應用價值。吸附實驗結果顯示,HKUST-1(Cu) 粉末對乙酸移除率高達98%,而HKUST-1(Cu) PVA 複合物達93%,對比活性碳及其PVA複合物(移除率分別為85%和78%)表現更優異。MOF憑藉優異吸附性能和可大量生產低成本優勢,成為極具潛力有機無機氣體吸附劑,可為半導體產業提供一種維持高標準製程環境精密且簡便解決方案。

建構標準舞蹈姿勢評分系統

在現今社會,個人越來越依賴自主學習以提升技能和知識,而舞蹈學習尤其受到關注。然而,在沒有專業指導的情況下,學員往往難以掌握舞蹈動作的細節,也難以清楚地評估自己的表現與標準示範之間的差距。 為了應對這一挑戰,本研究利用人體姿態識別演算法OpenPose,捕捉舞蹈者的關節點。通過這項技術,針對舞蹈的標準動作、力度、流暢度等方面,成功地開發出一款自動評分系統。 通過人體姿態識別技術,我們能夠深入分析舞蹈動作的細節,讓學員與標準舞蹈動作進行比較,以確認學習上的差異。我們希望通過這項研究,學員能在沒有專業指導的情況下,利用網路平台創建更有效且有趣的自主學習環境。

BeeMind AI: Development of an AI-Based System to Assess Honeybee Health, Behavior, and Nutrient Effects on Learning and Memory

Due to their pollination services, honeybees are one of the most ecologically vital animals, being singlehandedly responsible for nearly 80% of global agricultural pollination [1]. However, in recent years, they have experienced large declines in populations, and as a survey reported roughly 50% of beekeepers in the US lost their honeybee colonies [2]. These losses are experienced globally due to a combination of many factors, including but not limited to habitat loss, pesticides, climate change, and other invasive species [3, 4]. One of the biggest factors attributed to the decline of honeybee colonies is the usage of pesticides, specifically neonicotinoids [3-6]. Neonicotinoid compounds have been used globally since their introduction in the early 1990s [4]. Studies have shown that neonicotinoids can have both sublethal and lethal effects on honeybees, depending on the dosages that they are exposed to, as neonicotinoids bind to nervous system receptors of honeybees [7]. These effects can range from behavior changes to altered motor functions [7-9]. Among the reported effects, one of the more significant ones is the effect of neonicotinoids on honeybee learning and memory [10, 11]. Additionally, there is a lack of availability for methods of monitoring of honeybee hives, essentially meaning that the only methods to track honeybee health are through obtrusive physical methods of inspection. This paper aims to develop a novel AI-based honeybee health assessment system, able to monitor beehives using the following functions: continuous temperature and humidity monitoring both inside and outside the hive, as well as video and audio recording to assess honeybee health as well as population. In addition, this system can be used for honeybee-related studies such as nutrition effects and evaluation on health, learning, and memory. To do this, four types of nutrition have been studied and their effects have been analyzed by a deep learning approach.

一價銠金屬催化肉桂胺衍生物進行不對稱氫芳基化反應 Rhodium(I)-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydroarylation of Cinnamylamine Derivatives

一價銠金屬催化反應已經被廣泛應用於有機化學合成領域中。而本研究以具保護基之肉桂胺衍生物1與四芳基硼鈉試劑2a作為起始物進行銠金屬不對稱氫芳基化催化反應,得到具有保護基的掌性2,3-雙芳基丙胺衍生物3,並探討此反應的掌性雙烯配基對於反應的影響。本研究已完成使用Ts(對甲苯磺醯基)保護基之肉桂胺衍生物1a作為起始物進行反應,並改變與銠金屬錯合的配基,發現當配基使用2,5號位為芳基取代之配基L(掌性雙環[2,2,1]雙烯配基)時,反應有較好的位置選擇性,其中最佳的是芳基取代為苯基之配基L1,其位置選擇性比例為1:0:0.09。目前將進行改變起始物1之氮上的保護基,以L1作為配基進行反應,並與1a比較,優化反應性及產率。

「梅」來演趣—探討台灣梅雨季之大氣流型演變與模擬

為了解台灣梅雨季的氣候特徵,本研究分析了2009至2024年間五、六月的降雨、風場流型及大氣環境。結果顯示,東北部冬季多雨,而西部地區則自五月梅雨季開始進入雨季,台灣的降雨區域逐漸南移,顯示大氣環境在此期間發生變化。我們分析了16年間的風場情形,歸納出7種單一風向流型及2種過渡流型,並整合其趨勢。我們發現,梅雨季期間,寒冷流型的出現頻率逐漸減少,而溫暖流型在夏季成為主流,不同流型之間的轉變具趨勢性。整合降雨資料後,結果顯示盛行風、低壓帶、地形效應與過渡流型對降雨有顯著影響,且發現致災性梅雨的發生條件。最後,本研究設計模擬裝置,利用不同密度的海藻酸鈉溶液與台灣模型,可模擬出符合本研究歸納的流型。

猜拳與轉向中的運籌帷幄- 探討人類與鼠婦在連續決策行為 的偏好與決策經驗依賴等特性

本研究記錄人類進行「剪刀石頭布」遊戲時的決策行為,也設計T型迷宮建立鼠婦之負趨光行為作為動物模式,探討行為偏好與決策依賴性等特性。我們發現「出石頭」的機率較高,且時間間隔縮短後,「出剪刀」的機率增加而「出石頭」的機率減少,並會展現負相關的決策經驗依賴性,其中「慢出組」更為明顯,代表出拳間隔縮短而減少意識作用,負相關的決策經驗依賴性即會減弱。另一方面,鼠婦在負趨光性刺激剛消失後,仍呈現負趨光性的選擇方向,具有習慣性。鼠婦在選擇行走方向多次後,會呈現與前次選擇的正向相關性。在負趨光性的環境刺激後,上述的現象會先消失,而後再現。若負趨光性刺激方向轉換,則原先的趨光行為消失,應是因方向選擇的習慣性干擾了負趨光性的選擇。

Revolutionizing Metabolic Health: The Therapeutic Potential of Next-Generation Probiotic Akkermansia Strains (Z62, IR119) for Metabolic Syndromes

The human gut microbiome is integral to digestion, overall health, and metabolic disorder imbalances. Recent advancements in fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) have highlighted the therapeutic promise of restoring healthy gut microbiota in populations with high incidences of diseases. Focusing on fecal DNA samples from healthy Asian individuals, this study examines the potential of novel Akkermansia strains, specifically Akkermansia muciniphila (Z62) and Akkermansia massiliensis (IR119), as next-generation probiotics for mitigating metabolic syndrome. A key aspect of the study is the investigation of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are produced and play a crucial role in regulating metabolic processes. SCFAs such as butyrate, acetate, and propionate are essential for energy provision to colon cells and exerting anti-inflammatory effects. The methodology involves selecting two Akkermansia strains, analyzing them through 16S rRNA and WGS, evaluating their growth and survival rates under acidic and bile-salt conditions, alongside their cell adhesion capabilities. The study focuses on the production of key short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and tryptophan derivatives by bacteria in regulating metabolic processes, as well as their anti-inflammatory effects on colon cells. Through in vitro assays, both strains exhibited survival in acidic/bile-rich conditions, though Z62 demonstrated superior adhesion to Caco-2 cells, suggesting a higher colonization potential. Metabolomic analysis revealed both strains produce SCFAs, including propionic and acetic acids, and indole metabolites, such as indole-3-propionic acid and indole-3-acetic acid, which are known to influence lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity. In adipocyte cell models, IR119 significantly reduced lipid accumulation, while Z62 increased lipid presence. Furthermore, IR119 reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, including IL-6 and TNF-α, suggesting potential for inflammation mitigation. The future potential of IR119 as a therapeutic probiotic is extraordinary in addressing complex metabolic and inflammatory diseases, which open new avenues for managing chronic inflammatory conditions like type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Future clinical trials could refine IR119’s efficacy, positioning it as a leading probiotic in preventive and therapeutic contexts.

複合葡萄糖氧化酶的金奈米團簇應用於葡萄糖檢測

本研究使用牛血清白蛋白(BSA)、穀胱甘肽(GSH)、金離子合成金奈米螢光團簇,並修飾上葡萄糖氧化酶(GOx)。此金奈米團簇上的葡萄糖氧化酶與葡萄糖反應,製造出過氧化氫,改變金奈米螢光團簇表面特性使螢光強度減弱,偵測葡萄糖濃度。 本研究探討不同條件金奈米團簇和不同濃度的葡萄糖反應,知道此材料可檢測到最低濃度的葡萄糖,且金奈米團簇在血液中對葡萄糖具有專一性,可穩定進行血糖檢測。另外,與不同濃度的人體血清樣本反應,發現血清濃度越高的螢光訊號下降明顯,因此可知修飾上葡萄糖氧化酶的穀胱甘肽輔助之牛血清白蛋白金奈米團簇(BSA/GSH-Au NCs)可用於人體血糖檢測。本研究開發出靈敏、快速、穩定的葡萄糖檢測材料,並期待未來能運用於實際的人體血糖檢測上。