全國中小學科展

2024年

Study on acoustic wave and disturbances in thermal flow fields

本篇研究說明了不同週期波對於熱流場與火焰搖擺之相關原理與運動觀察。實驗中運用了重低音音響去進行週期波的擾動,而我們也從中觀測到許多現象, 如:火焰的週期性搖擺、共振等等。此外,研究包含了確認熱流場被週期波擾動 之可能性與其狀態,也在理論與分析過程中,不斷的經由多項實驗去支持我們自行推導出的偏離角度與火焰恢復時間之公式 tr ∝ 𝑎 1/2b0.55 ≃ √b/a = √𝛽/𝛼 1/(1-ρf/ρa)∙ℓ2/gR (1 − 𝑘θ)

含3-高醯基香豆素之二烯羧酸酯合成方法探討

香豆素(coumarin)是一種廣泛使用於增香用途之化合物,同時亦被作為藥 物使用,γ-乙烯基聯烯酸酯 (γ-Vinyl Allenoates),則是一種具有多樣的反應性之架構,透過適當的控制,可擁有相當良好之區域及立體選擇性。本研究利用氮催化劑 DMAP 建構帶二烯羧酸酯之 3-高醯基香豆素,並透過篩選溶劑、反應溫度及催化劑及反應物當量數,找出本反應之最佳化條件。後以該條件探討反應環境酸鹼性對反應的化學選擇性影響,以及在 3-高醯基香豆素上改變不同取代基,探討不同取代基對反應性的影響,並擴展含 3-高醯基香豆素之二烯羧酸酯未來使用的潛力。 實驗結果顯示,以DMAP 作為催化劑催化此親核加成反應時,可在 15 分鐘內達到 96%的 NMR 產率。未來希望能將含 3-高醯基香豆素之二烯羧酸酯應用於進行合環、加成等反應,期望藉此增加此化合物泛用性。

透過超音波敏感性聚合物膠束達成藥物投遞減少根管治療癒後復發的應用

藥物釋放技術被普遍使用在臨床醫學以及人體攝影,本研究將合成具有超音波敏感之兩親性聚合物,水溶液中自組裝形成聚合物膠束,內部裝載藥物,經輸送到特定部位以超音波刺激,進行藥物釋放。在特定部位釋放的特性使藥物可以在特定區域釋放。 本實驗是因應牙醫進行根管治療時,消炎藥物容易被血清分解,因此,我們希望設計出適當的高分子藥物載體。當藥物到達牙根管時,利用聚焦式超音波(HIFU)進行刺激投放,載體分解後,藥物順利到達患部,進行治療。 經文獻蒐集,我們選定 PEG-b-PTHPMA (polyethylene glycol block 2- tetrahydropyranylmethacrylate)以及 PEG-b-PIBMA(polyethyleneglycol-block- iso- butyl methacrylate)作為載體包覆藥物之高分子材料,利用其具有雙親性高分子的特性,在水溶液中自組裝成高分子膠束。經透析純化後,透過 DLS 與 SEM鑑定此高分子膠束之粒徑大小。同時也以 NMR氫譜與 GPC鑑定該高分子純度與分子量分布。

艾雪三角形磁磚對稱密鋪圖研究

根據研究[1]指出:三角形磁磚邊之作用方式共有 5種,且共有 11種設計方法可在平面上密鋪。然而作者在解決問題的方法均是採用窮舉,方法不夠嚴謹。本研究運用不同的方法,透過代數計算證明了三角形磁磚共有 11種對稱密鋪圖結構;而 M.C.Escher在手作創作圖中只使用了其中 5種結構;在與前人的研究比較下,發現前人所歸納的 11種設計方法恰好對應到本研究中的 8種密鋪結構,而另外 3種結構是前人所未探討的磁磚內部變化方式。本研究也進一步推廣至相關立體圖形,如:正四面體、正八面體、正二十面體…等,並歸納出各種立體圖形可密鋪的種類數,透過適當軟體的支援下,可以快速且精確繪製出豐富有創意的圖樣。

New Concept of Intelligent Wound Dressing

Substance losses, burns and injuries arising from various causes represent a constant problem encountered by homo sapiens throughout its existence. Rudimentary treatments, relatively effective and less effective, have left their mark on the way we perceive the presence and treatment of wounds caused by various factors. Searching through medical archives, we can trace the specific protocols for these medical conditions back to 2200 BC, when they were structured in three steps: 1) cleaning the skin lesion, 2) applying a dressing (from glue to various preparations) and 3 ) bandaging the skin lesion. Currently, the appearance of wounds on the skin is caused both by accidents in the performance of various activities and by certain diseases that manifest themselves through skin rashes or skin lesions. Their frequency is in the thousands, according to the latest statistics, affecting the majority of the population non-selectively. It is vital that skin lesions receive the necessary care and attention, commensurate with their severity. Being open wounds on the surface of the skin, it is essential that the treatment be meticulous and appropriate to their type, as skin lesions represent a threat to the patient's life. From infections to hydroelectrolytic imbalances specific to burns, the multitude of factors that influence healing highlight the need for a dressing that can be easily customized according to the specificity of the wound, the needs of the patient and that is affordable both from the point of view of production cost as well as its use, making death from skin lesions easily avoidable through an intelligent approach. One of the most complex biological processes and indispensable to humans is the healing of skin lesions. Healing involves a carefully regulated series of biochemical and cellular activities in tandem. Traditional therapies and substances of natural origin have been used to facilitate the regeneration process and accelerate the wound healing process, being applied with encouraging results. Despite the fact that these generally present a low cost, they can be more expensive than contemporary treatments and can be influenced by regional, seasonal factors, showing fluctuations from batch to batch, which could lead to unpredictable allergic reactions, side effects and inconsistent clinical findings. Currently, the standard of care for skin lesions is to clean the wound with antiseptic solutions to prevent infection, apply a dressing followed by bandaging to keep the dressing in place, and if necessary excision of the tissue that has become non-viable. In the case of diabetic ulcers, it is necessary to excise the tissue that has become non-viable and to maintain control over the level of glucose in the body.

On the Application of Inequalities Containing Sums of Minimum/Maximum of Numbers

Retail inventory management is a crucial part of many businesses due to the high profit associated with it as well as the uncertainty around it, especially for industries with short production cycles and a complex supply chain.Proper management ofretail inventories can lead to decreased inventory costs, prevent spoilage and obsoles- cence, and improve customer satisfaction, all of which lead to increased profits for the company.Inthispaper,wefirstproposeextendingawell-knowninequalityandtry to generalize it to other conditions and similar inequalities.The inequality involves multiple variables and how the maximum/minimum values of a subset of the numbers compare to the maximum/minimum values of the whole set of numbers.Our main contribution is applying such inequality in inventory management to help estimate the total cost of inventory management, which would allow us to determine the shutdown pointforaspecificcompanyusingthegeneralizationsoftheinequality.Lastly,weshow thatourestimatesarereasonableandproposesomefutureareaswheremoreworkcan be done.

雙酚 A 對白線斑蚊幼蟲生長發育的影響及病媒蚊防治策略探究

登革熱病媒蚊幼蟲主要孳生於人工積水容器中,幼蟲生長發育主要受到溫度與食物的影響。本研究至戶外調查人工積水容器,發現塑膠類人工容器為主要孳生類型。於實驗室以 11 種人工容器培養白線斑蚊幼蟲,結果發現塑膠底盆的幼蟲發育速度較快,蚊蟲平均翅長較長。以塑膠組成物質雙酚 A 進行試驗, 發現高濃度 (>50 mg/L) 雙酚 A 會導致幼蟲死亡, 活動力降低; 中濃度(12.5~1.56 mg/L) 會促進幼蟲生長速率,縮短發育時間;低濃度 (<0.78 mg/L) 則不顯著。以濃 6.25mg/L 雙酚A 處理蚊幼蟲,Q-PCR 顯示四個齡期的幼蟲蛻皮激素基因 (Ecr) 分別表現量都有增加,其中四齡幼蟲增加 9.68 倍,蛋白質分析顯示 34~72 kDa 之間的片段濃度增加。在蚊幼蟲防治上,4.0 %蛋胺酸和 1.0% 硼酸皆可 100%抑制孑孓活性,結合低濃度蛋胺酸(0.13%)和硼酸(< 0.5% )可以提升 30% 抑制孑孓活性的功效。

偏心馬達振動對物體運動速度之影響

本研究探討振動體運動。調控馬達轉速帶動離心錘旋轉。閃頻同步測量轉動頻率,並追蹤軟體分析運動軌跡,各頻率下平移速度。 離心錘逆時針旋轉高於 24Hz開始運動,移動速率與旋轉頻率關係:理論值 26~47Hz轉一圈向右移動,47~56Hz 轉兩圈向左,56~65Hz 轉三圈向右,並以起跳至著地空中時段,合力向右或左比例,分析運動方向。 力圖分析列出水平驅動力、正向力、摩擦力等時間函數建構理論模型。由 Desmos軟體計算水平移動速率,藉頻率調控正向力、摩擦力,計算得各頻率下振動體速度,進行理論與實驗比對後,幾乎完全吻合,驗證此理論模型正確性。 安裝加速規得垂直加速度與時間關係,類似鋸齒波與正弦組合,似乎可由振動體底座為具彈性珍珠板加以解釋。

青出於藍,勝於藍

本實驗利用不同的還原劑,分別為檸檬酸鈉、蘋果酸鈉及酒石酸鉀鈉與氯化鐵及赤血鹽反應時,利用日光燈及LED燈即可驅動藍晒反應進行,不需像傳統的藍晒反應需照紫外光才可使反應進行,達到安全、便宜且不受天氣限制的實驗改良。在改變不同還原劑種類,及還原劑與氯化鐵比例時,發現還原劑、氯化鐵和赤血鹽混合的順序、有無加熱、及照光的燈源種類會影響藍晒圖、反應速率及吸收度大小。

自製奈米銀添加至染料來提升DSSCs的轉換效率

有關於染料敏化太陽能電池(DSSC)的優化。首先使用平整的刮刀器均勻地塗抹 400um 的石墨膠在 DSSC 的電極上可以提高導電性。而 0.5M 的 I-/IO3-電解液可以獲得最佳的填充因子和高轉換率。染料方面混合梔子紫、梔子綠和梔子藍色素可以增加吸收可見光波段並提高吸收度。ITO 導電玻璃的耐受溫度約為 300℃左右,超過此溫度電阻逐漸增加。負極之奈米粒子所製備之 TiO2 薄膜的最佳厚度為 5-10um,且 30nm 的粒徑比 25nm 和常規粒徑表現較好。使用 TiCl4 乙醇溶液進行電化學沉積時,最佳的電化學沉積電位在-1.025~-1.1V 區間內且可以成功製備出超薄奈米 TiO2 薄膜,其 DSSC 的轉換率可達 3.4%。加入奈米銀到 DSSC 的染料中可以有效提高吸收度,比例為奈米銀:混合染料=1:30 時可以有效提高 DSSC 的效能。