2024年

車輛在轉彎時會產生法線方向的加速度導致側傾。本研究以 Arduino、MPU-9250 加速度傳感器模組、光電傳感器等，換算成速度、側傾角資料後，回饋控制車輛移動，再利用其它設備的輔助觀察感測器的準確性。本實驗計畫利用加速度計的資料開發一個車輛防側傾駕駛輔助系統。首先，利用 MATLAB Simulink 模擬車輛在不同環境下傾倒時的各項感測器數值變化，以縮短實際實驗所需的時間。接著計算出車輛發生傾倒所需要跨越的數值門檻，並在電腦中撰寫一套防側傾的策略，分析側傾的原因以及量值後，控制車輛的轉彎方向以及速度，使其回到正常行駛的平面。最後模擬完成後，再將模擬的系統實裝回到原本的模型車實驗驗證系統的可行性，並討論其成功率。

蕗蕎為原鄉部落常見且重要的香辛料作物，具有降脂、抗動脈粥樣硬化、抗菌等活性， 但對於血管舒張作用則少有相關研究。因此本研究以乙醇對蕗蕎進行萃取，再進一步以色層 分析等方法進行純化，其分離到之化合物由核磁共振磁儀（NMR）光譜技術分析及質譜(MS) 之鑑定，鑑定得到一個主要大量的固醇類天然產物: Laxogenin。另外透過頂空氣相層析質譜儀(HS-GCMS)，從生鮮蕗蕎(Allium chinense G. Don)共鑑定出 13 種化合物，其中包含 8 種含硫化合物，並以 Disulfide dimethyl 含量為 71%，占揮發氣體之含量最高。 在抑制血管收縮素轉化酶 (ACEI)活性測試中，取蕗蕎的酒精萃取物、大蒜的酒精萃取物、Laxogenin、diallyl disulfide 在濃度為 0.0125 mg/mL 下，其抑制率分別為 3.9 %、8.3 %、4.2 %、4.6 %。並透過電腦模擬分子對接技術(MDM)，發現 Laxogenin、diallyl disulfide 與 ACE酵素具結合親和性，以上結果顯示，推測蕗蕎具有抑制 ACE 酵素及降血壓之功效。

本研究以熱蒸鍍法製作 31 nm Sn 顆粒以及 15% Sn 被 Ni 取代的 38 nm Sn85Ni15 顆粒，探討奈米化及磁鄰近(magnetic proximity)共同引發的非傳統超導行為。分析 X 光繞射譜圖所得電子密度分布，顯示添加 Ni 引發部分內層電子轉移到鍵結區域。磁矩量測顯示 31 nm Sn 在300 K 仍具鐵磁性，而 38 nm Sn85Ni15 的磁矩是 31 nm Sn 的 3 倍之多，指出所添加的 Ni 確實提供較高磁分量，在 Sn 離子鄰近提供一區域磁場，誘發磁鄰近效應。38 nm Sn85Ni15 的超導溫度大幅提升到 7.75 K 為塊材 Sn 超導溫度 3.72K 的 2.1 倍，且外加磁場對弱化超導溫度的效率，在 200 Oe 出現大幅轉折，高於 200 Oe 對超導溫度幾乎沒有影響，出現拒磁及容磁兩種超導行為。這些行為可以用顆粒內層為 s-波(s-wave)超導耦合及外層為非 s 波(non-s-wave) 超導耦合來理解。

聚碳酸酯（PC）是一種具有多種用途的材料，廣泛應用在包裝、航空、製作容器等方面，但難以利用常見的方法如燃燒、掩埋等方式回收。 根據本研究結果，利用K2CO3作為異相觸媒，在60℃的溫度下，反應1小時後，成功地轉化出聚碳酸酯（PC）的單體雙酚A（BPA），PC的轉化率可達100%，BPA的產率可達 99.57%。提供了業界一個相較於其它傳統PC解聚法，得以在較低的溫度、較短的反應時間下，利用簡易裝置，即可使甲醇分解聚碳酸酯（PC）的效率高達100%之方法，且相較於傳統同相觸媒解聚法，異相觸媒K2CO3在反應後可以相當輕易的與產物分離並重複利用，因此本研究提供了一種高效率且對環境更友善且更符合綠色化學的聚碳酸酯（PC）回收方法。

Upcycling abandoned beehives to make new products can reuse the useful materials in old beehives and produce less trash. As known that bees leave their beehive in these following situations like insufficient replenishment, frequent unboxing and environmental issues. Then the beehive will be abandoned and will have no use left. In this project, a piece of honeycomb was collected from abandoned beehive and melted in order to extract beeswax. The potential of the extracted beeswax for replacing plastic to produce fillers of 3D pens was studied. Natural materials like seashell, rosin, soy bean and coffee ground were tested as ingredients of 3D printing materials. Finally, the potential of using extracted beeswax in 3D printing was confirmed. Beeswax has a low melting point at around 64°C and solidify quickly at room temperature. The high plasticity of this natural wax fulfills the criteria of 3D printing materials. Biodegradable wastes, like coffee grounds and soy bean grounds were tested as additives for reducing the beeswax content. Sea shell grounds were eliminated from the tested list as its filaments broke into small pieces of brittle fragments during the production process. 5% and 10% of these additives were the optimal formula for making long filaments. Yet, the thin filaments made by pure beeswax were not strong enough, filaments of selected beeswax-soy bean grounds were further strengthened by mixing with 5% or 10% rosin. Among the four different ratios of Beeswax: Soy bean grounds: Rosin (9:1:0.5 / 9:1:1 / 9.5:0.5:0.5 / 9.5:0.5:1), filaments in the ratio 9.5:0.5:0.5 demonstrated better flexibility, higher tensile strength and compressive strength, thus B9.5:S0.5:R0.5 was the final formula of biodegradable beeswax 3D filament.

Over 30 million souls live in a world of darkness, a number greater than the populations of both Norway and Sweden combined. Every individual deserves the chance to embark on a journey across our magnificent blue planet. Yet, regrettably, little has been done to assist them. With this project, we’re lighting the way for the blind to explore our beautiful world independently, breaking free from dependence and embracing boundless horizons. In order to put our theory of the project into practice & explore the use of artificial intelligence & computer science, we started by collecting the required materials for our project such as micro-controllers, sensors, a pair of glasses, a laptop, and a miniature camera. Then we moved onto creating the project itself in which the digital software programmed onto the hardware plays the key-role, as the sensors and the camera will record the details and information from the surroundings and send it to the laptop for further processing. The camera would be the backbone of our project, as it will stream real-time footage to the laptop which will be analyzed by an open-source object detection model ‘YOLOv8’ for identifying objects. After finishing the base model of our project, we tested it in-front of objects such as toy cars, bikes, people, etc, and the results of the object-detection would be shown on the laptop. To observe this data, we created a device which has different modules and integrations for different functions. For example, we will use our camera and then stream it onto a laptop so the reading and the data can be processed on the laptop by AI using YOLOv8. As mentioned in the start, many people do not possess the ability to see, to assist them we have thought of this device which uses all readings and its analytical skills to analyze data and help them navigate, travel or simply, live a better life.

The idea of dramatically reducing the cost of the production dry cell, reducing its carbon footprint, and being able to be an alternative to current materials such as biochars really propels the interest of performing this project research. Biochars from durian husk, bamboo and coconut shell are promising alternative chemical materials of the anodes in the dry cell due to their eco-friendly traits and availability in the trophic areas which covers about 40% of the land on earth. Using the technique of pyrolysis, the latest and the best technique to produce a high carbon content biochars, the dry cell uses the potassium hydroxide as the electrolyte and manganese dioxide as the catalysts that make the biochar mixture to produce maximum voltage of 65% from the dry cell sold in the current market. The voltage analysis of the biochar dry cell was done in our school science laboratory and then, characterization tests analysis was carried out on the products from the specific biomass namely the SEM/EDX analysis, at the Material Characterization Laboratory (MCL), Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra 馬來西亞. Based on our research, the biochar obtained from the raw materials (Durian Husk, Bamboo and Coconut Shell) had shown different characteristics. The bamboo biochar had shown the most amount of carbon content which is 86.64% more than the durian husk biochar (72.77%) and coconut shell biochar (65.57%). On the other hand, based on the micrograph, we observed that the durian husk biochar had shown much created pores rather than bamboo biochar and coconut shell biochar. In our study, we found out that the average voltage produced by the three different biochars have shown that Durian Husk char dry cell produced the highest voltage which is 0.97V, more than the bamboo char (0.62V) and coconut shell char (0.73V). In conclusion, the biochar dry cell produced are much cheaper in term of its production as our biochar dry cell uses biomass that are freely available and comes from renewable source of energy, the best ingredient for Green Technology.

1. Research Motivation Have you ever seen news stating that spring is gradually disappearing from the Korean Peninsula? The characteristics of the four seasons are disappearing due to the impact of global warming. As supporting evidence, droughts and heatwaves continue during the rainy season, and unexpected heavy rainfall occurs during autumn. These abnormal temperature phenomena are greatly affecting agriculture. Crops wither due to untimely cold spells or summer droughts, and the proliferation of bacteria and pests worsens. We need to conduct a thorough investigation and response to such weather phenomena. Carbon is known to be the main culprit behind these abnormal temperature phenomena. We want to explore how carbon affects climate change and understand the implications it has. 2. Research Objectives The consequences of climate change, such as deforestation and rising sea levels, will cause significant damage to society as a whole. This will also have a profound impact on the survival of all living organisms on Earth. Unless industrialization is halted, global warming will continue, making it crucial to gain a proper understanding and find accurate alternatives. The damages caused by global warming are expanding the habitats of mosquitoes, which is expected to have an impact on the spread of mosquito-borne diseases. This can also influence the emergence of novel viruses similar to COVID-19. By examining past outbreaks of diseases transmitted by mosquitoes, we aim to predict and understand such occurrences, as well as explore ways to minimize global warming. 3. Expected Benefits Based on this research, a focused exploration of the ecological impacts of global warming can provide essential data to understand the effects of climate anomalies on us and prepare for them. As these phenomena are expected to worsen over time, it will be possible to develop measures to minimize the damage caused by bacterial infections and agricultural losses.

Global warming is a phenomenon in which the Earth's overall temperature rises as a result of increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Among the major greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide (CO2) is the primary greenhouse gas that contributes significantly to global warming [1,2]. The concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is rising due to human activities such as burning fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas), as well as changes in land use and vegetation [3]. Carbon dioxide and other gases, such as methane and nitrogen monoxide absorb infrared radiation and redirect it back to Earth, warming the planet [4]. This rise in temperature can impact ecosystems, climate, water resources, agriculture, public health, and societies in general [5]. To combat global warming and reduce carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere, many countries around the world, including Saudi Arabia, are working to achieve a vision to reduce carbon emissions by reducing their carbon emissions by 278 million tons per year by 2030 in line with the Paris Agreement, for climate. The Kingdom is committed to generating 50% of its electrical energy from renewable sources by 2030. In addition to the shift in the local energy mix, the Saudi Green Initiative is implementing a number of ambitious programs and projects to reduce emissions. These programs include investing in new energy sources, promoting energy efficiency, and expanding carbon capture and storage programs [6]. Through these initiatives, the Kingdom will be able to achieve its climate goals and establish a sustainable future (Figure 1). In addition, the Paris Climate Change Agreement includes 196 countries and the European Union, covering most of the world. This agreement aims to achieve carbon neutrality by taking measures to reduce carbon dioxide emissions [7].

The aim of this project is to enhance the mobility of individuals with disabilities, particularly aiding them in navigating stairs and challenging terrains. Across the world, powered wheelchair employ various methods, primarily categorized into two: 1) tracked mechanisms and 2) robotic wheelchair utilizing intricate robotic systems. The design presented by our team belongs to the latter category, which is recognized for its lighter build when contrasted with the former. However, despite its lightweight structure, this wheelchair design incorporates equipment that renders it more cost-effective and practical than conventional designs within the same category. Our design integrates three distinct mechanisms to adjust the height and center of mass of the passenger during stair climbing and maintain balance and surface contact. Utilizing an array of sensors, it continuously monitors the position of the person on the wheelchair and the wheelchair on the surface. This data guides adjustments in the mechanisms, ensuring stability. This innovation harbors the potential for enhancing various functionalities, including: GPS integration for user navigation. Real-time monitoring of vital signs (e.g., heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature). In an emergency, this data can be transmitted to ambulance centers to pinpoint the individual's location and immediate assistance. A simplified ambulance request system, accessible via a single button press. Overall, this innovative wheelchair prototypes aims to revolutionize accessibility, granting enhanced mobility and independence to individuals with disabilities.