全國中小學科展

2023年

釉下光工程

釉藥為陶瓷藝術的核心呈現,本研究利用釉藥作為媒介,融合資訊工程的隨機森林演算法主題進行釉藥燒製後成果的預測。從陶藝釉藥的公開網站篩選釉藥配方及圖片色標建立數據庫,後續能進行未燒製前配方成果的模擬建模。 利用已發展千年的釉藥調製技術和材料,以塞格式、一維二元…常見調釉藥比例的方式,同時記錄大量釉藥數據庫,結合現代科技分析方法快速模擬成品樣貌,未來可應用於磁磚或是釉料產業的釉藥顏色矯正。 釉藥具有高度藝術及商業價值。本作品以東方傳統技藝結合現代機器學習的演算法。數據庫的建立用於結合眾多陶藝家製釉經驗,來達成預測釉燒後的釉色。故此作品的未來發展有極大的前瞻性。

基隆潮境海灣槍蝦聲響變化與環境關聯性分析

槍蝦閉合大螯所發出聲響為海洋珊瑚礁生態系中最主要的聲源,其聲音受多項環境因子影響,具有分析珊瑚礁生態系健康程度的可行性。本研究利用基隆潮境海域蒐集到的高時間密度採樣資料,嘗試分析槍蝦聲響在不同時間尺度下的變化與水溫、光度之關聯性,比較不同觀測期間與深度之資料,了解槍蝦聲響之特性。 研究結果顯示槍蝦聲響在長時間尺度下與水溫呈現高度正相關,且相同觀測期間、不同深度的兩筆資料變化趨勢相似;但相同深度、不同觀測期間的紀錄不僅變化趨勢與季節差異相關,整體數值也不同。槍蝦聲響每日亦具有規律的晝夜週期性變化,在清晨、黃昏出現高峰,白天期間與光度呈現負相關,夜晚期間與水溫高度正相關。最後,聲響峰值出現時間與日出日落時間最為相關,不同季節下之晝夜長短差異更造成顯著影響,不過仍會受水中實際接受到的光度影響。

UVB induced TRPV1 and TRPA1 expression in skin keratinocyte and dorsal root ganglion cells: a plausible cause of warm and pain by sunlight irradiation

陽光晒到皮膚,人體會感覺到刺痛以避免過強紫外線的曝露。但皮膚為何會有刺痛的感覺呢?過去對光的生體受器著重於眼睛錐及桿狀細胞(Opsin 1/2),但它們在背根神經元 (DRG,周邊神經末端主體細胞)的表現並不多。TRP channels表現在皮膚及神經。TRPV1是一種痛覺受器,活化時會有鈣離子通透,Dr. Julius因它得到2021諾貝爾獎。TRPV1/A1可受溫度、酸度等活化,但DRG細胞表現的TRPV1/A1,是否會因紫外線(UVB)照射而影響,並導致鈣通透,目前並不清楚。我以不同強度UVB照射人類角質細胞或大鼠DRG,以螢光顯微鏡及流氏細胞儀測量TRPV1/A1蛋白質表現,以實時影像來作動態鈣離子分析。結果顯示UVB在10 mJ/cm2可增加DRG的TPRA1/V1表現,但UVB在5mJ/cm2照射DRG細胞後,只增加TRPA1而不是TPRV1的表現。在皮膚的角質細胞,不管是使用螢光顯微鏡或是流氏細胞儀,UVB在20mj/cm2以上的能量強度會造成角質細胞的毒性,以10mJ/cm2 UVB照射角質細胞,則會增加角質細胞的TPRA1及TRPV1表現,其中又以TRPA1的增加較明顯。惟UVB照射對細胞鈣離子通透的實時影響不大。我的結論是,UVB照射增加角質細胞及DRG的TRPA1/V1表現(特別是TRPA1),這些改變可能與光照引起之麻痛有關。

以奈米碳與二氧化矽複合物優化發光薄膜之研究

本研究延伸自文獻影片「奈米碳來排隊」實驗,自製奈米碳量子點(carbon quantum dots, cQD),並結合鈣鈦礦量子點(perovskite quantum dots, pQD)製程,以探討優化發光薄膜材料的合成技術與製程。目前完成的變因探討如下:(一)比較碘化鉛與溴化鉛兩種前驅物對pQD粒子成長的效應,(二)萃取不同型態cQD的溶劑效應,(三)調控cQD之添加方式,包括劑量、順序與添加時刻。製程條件的添加順序分成兩種流程:(A)方法PC(perovskite - carbon):先有鈣鈦礦後有碳,也就是先合成pQD,期間再加入cQD,(B)方法CP(carbon - perovskite):先有碳後有鈣鈦礦,也就是先加入cQD,再合成pQD。 為了找出pQD發光特性的優化條件,研究結果進行討論四項指標:光致發光量子產率(photoluminescence quantum yield, PLQY)、譜線半峰全寬(full width at half maximum, FWHM)、波長位移及pQD穩定度。觀察PLQY與FWHM的結果顯示:多數以方法PC添加之cQD能達優化效果,而其中又以甲苯萃取的PhMe-cQD(178.0%)與異丙醇萃取的IPA-cQD(182.6%)對PLQY提升幅度最為顯著。目前也進行市售碳化矽(SiC)與自製碳矽複合物(簡稱CSiX)的添加效應,期能找出更加優化pQD條件,發展出簡易製程但更具綠能經濟之發光薄膜原料,也提供碳循環應用之契機。

surgical masks and microplastics in our airways

The surgical mask has been our daily companion since the outbreak of the Corona pandemic. The nonwovens (outer layers, not the filter membrane) from which the surgical mask is constructed consist of very long and thin polypropylene fibers. This leads to the question of whether microplastics are released during breathing through the surgical mask, which could enter the respiratory tract or the lungs. This would have a negative impact on our health, depending on the size of the detached fiber fragments - the smaller the worse because they can enter much deeper in our respiratory tract. In order to investigate the question of whether fiber fragments are released during breathing through a surgical mask, a filtration device was built. The filters were examined under an optical microscope after filtration. If fiber fragments would detach from the surgical mask, they would be found on the filter. Different surgical masks were tested, those that were not worn at all to surgical masks that were worn all day. It was found that fiber fragments were coming off the surgical masks. There were different fiber fragment types. Some fiber fragments were still undamaged (exhibited nice fractures), while others were frayed. Clump-like fragments occurred, but also smaller fine fiber fragments. All these different fiber fragments had a certain size, so that they could be called microplastics. The remarkable result of the whole study is that there is a direct correlation between the wearing time of the surgical mask and the number of detaching fiber fragments. In the case of the unworn surgical masks, 10 times fewer fiber fragments occurred during filtration than in the case of the surgical masks that were worn all day.

PBC~ A home-use detection device for brain tumors that compress the brain stem and optic nerve

腦部腫瘤是沉默殺手, 藏匿在腦中數十年。 一旦發作,通常都會造成巨大的影響。雖有數種高階儀器,可以檢測。但檢測過程繁複、 等待時間以及價格, 對於民眾都是不小的負擔。 腦部腫瘤的診斷方式為: 神經內、 外醫生會用筆燈對患者做初步的瞳孔光反應檢查。 藉由患者瞳孔縮小的速率,判斷是否要安排進階的檢查。但此行為仰賴醫生的經驗,沒有統一的方法及數據可供判斷。 本研究設計一款成本約$1,300 元, 重量僅 159 g,圓柱直徑與柱高皆約為 7cm 的隨身裝置。 藉由 MCU 控制攝影機, 頂部 1.44 吋 TFT 螢幕可即時顯示患者眼部狀態,檢查結果計算後, 也會立即顯示在螢幕上。除提供醫護人員即時數據化的解讀患者狀態。更協助醫護人員在做瞳孔光刺激檢查時,有科學化的標準。

Silver Moringa Cloth: Silver Nanoparticle Fabric Based on Moringa Extract (Moringa oleifera) as Antibacterial Against Methicilin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Staphylococcus aureus is addressed as one of the most common pathogens in hospital settings and in the community. This pathogen causes invasive infections, sepsis, and death. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is due to bacterial mutations and the use of antibiotic drugs that are not by procedures. Resistance makes MRSA infections difficult to treat, resulting in high healthcare costs. These problems lead to an urgent need to find alternative drugs to control MRSA infection. Therefore, developing new drugs and procedures such as antibacterial nanoparticles, are particularly promising. Indonesia has many medicinal plants with antibiotic activity, including Moringa oleifera. Moringa oleifera contains several active compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, and saponins which are known to have antibiotic activity. Silver nanoparticles or AgNPs are currently used as antimicrobial agents because they are toxic to prokaryotic cells (bacteria) but relatively safe for eukaryotic cells. AgNP synthesis mediated by M. oleifera extract has the advantages of being non-toxic, pollution-free, and environmentally friendly. Sisal is a potential source of naturally derived fabric and a prospective source of multifunctional textiles. Recent studies have utilized and functionalized sisal to develop composite materials. However, functionalizing of sisal using nanosilver-based materials has not been studied yet. Bioactive chemicals from plant-extracted nanoparticles also provide additional antimicrobial properties. This study aims to produce AgNPs mediated by M. oleifera leaf extract and to analyze its antimicrobial effect on MRSA growth. The powdered Moringa (4g) was boiled with 100 ml of distilled water (550 C) for 15 minutes. The mixture was filtered through Whatman No 1 filter paper and store refrigerated. The nanoparticle was synthesized by rinsing sisal fabric cloth to several concentrations of AgNO3 (1mM, 10mM, and 20mM) with Moringa extract. Nanoparticle synthesis from AgNO3 done with the help of Moringa oleifera extract. The resulting AgNPs have MIC values (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) and MBC (Minimum Bacteriocidal Concentration) of 1.25 mg/ml. The resulting silver nanoparticles showed antibiotic activity against MRSA with an average inhibition zone diameter of 15.677 mm. XRD and SEM studies are going to be held to support the data.

軌道安全,唯快不破-高效能AI軌道異物偵測系統設計之研究

臺鐵太魯閣號於 2021 年 4 月撞擊滑入軌道的工程車的事故,是 60 年最嚴重一場意外。 北捷文湖線也曾有大型招牌掉落事件,顯示軌道安全的重要性。本研究參訪高鐵、臺鐵、北 捷和新北捷-淡海輕軌,將四大軌道公司的異物偵測系統做探討。採用 Yolo 系列物件偵測演 算法,進行模型訓練,設計一套「高效能 AI 軌道異物偵測系統」。將攝影機架設在車頭,並 加裝望遠鏡頭,達到遠距離的預警。採用可見光攝影機與 AI 物件偵測的技術,並應用內嵌 系統 Jetson TX2,讓列車提前確認是何異物,提升安全性,採取不同煞車措施,降低誤點率。 以台北捷運文湖線為實驗場域,測試各種天候條件,如:晴天、雨天、傍晚等。也在不同場 域實測如:臺鐵內灣線、淡海輕軌。本系統平均準確率 95% mAP 與運行的幀率達 40FPS, 能縮短辨識時間,讓駕駛能立即反應和提前預警,達到保障人車安全的目的。

合成CaMKII抑制劑作為抗癌潛力藥物

鈣及攜鈣蛋白調節酶(CaMKII)存在於大部分細胞中,研究顯示其在多種癌細胞中過度表現。苯基磺醯胺衍生物為CaMKII抑制劑的常見結構,而吲哚與靛紅是常見藥物結構,因此本研究參考文獻[1],並擴展臨床尚未解決問題,優化此兩類衍生物以製成抗癌藥物。第一系列以苯基磺醯胺為主架構,改良文獻[1]中抑制效果最佳的化合物1,第二系列則修改吲哚與靛紅的取代基,設計出多種候選分子。初步利用分子模擬分析軟體(Discovery Studio)模擬蛋白質與藥物分子結合,考量結合能、結合方位、藥物取得及合成難易度,選定有潛力的WACY與CYWA系列結構進行合成。本實驗使用創新的步驟合成,簡易、高效率且符合綠色化學,再經核磁共振與高解析度質譜儀驗證得出高純度產物。最後根據生物檢測發現WACY-2對乳癌細胞毒性高和對於一般乳腺細胞和乳癌細胞的選擇性都較市售抑制劑KN-93佳,而WACY-6對CaMKII抑制效果為WACY系列最佳;CYWA-2, 3, 6, 7對乳癌細胞的毒性和對CaMKII抑制效果又優於KN-93與WACY系列許多。本研究成功製備出符合理論計算預期且抑制蛋白質的效果較KN-93佳的化合物,未來極具潛力作為抗乳癌的標靶藥物。

鉍定藍住你⎯探討改變鉍鐵氧BiFeO3製程條件降解亞甲藍之效果

染整工業所產生之染料廢水處理一直都是個難題,傳統的處理方法皆具有其優缺點。本研究是利用壓電材料-鐵酸鉍BiFeO3 (BFO)進行亞甲藍降解,當BFO受到外力時,會出現正壓電效應並產生電場,使水溶液生成高活性的自由基,並產生氧化還原反應分解染料。我們先利用水熱法合成BFO,並且利用降解50ppm的亞甲藍的過程中找出合成之最佳溫度與水熱時間。而我們合成之最佳BFO經過一小時的降解後,可將亞甲藍濃度降解下降53%,接下來我們分別利用三種金屬離子取代Bi與Fe,我們發現當Ba:Bi=3:7與Ti:Fe=2:8時,可將降解率提高至73%與58%,我們期待此方法能為染料廢水的處理提供一個新的選擇,為環境盡一份心力。