全國中小學科展

2022年

旋葉構型對泵浦抽水優化之探討

旋葉之細部結構跟泵浦效率有密切的關連[1,2],本研究專注探討不同幾何形狀旋葉構型之效應,我們先利用3D列印快速成形之技術優勢,做出50種不同的旋葉,分別有圓弧形、橢圓弧形及直立形進行實驗測試,並計算其總效率找出最高值的旋葉,編碼為A2-ea281-ia279-8。 將最高值旋葉,套入田口法進行優化,目標是望大。經過信噪比及均值分析後,發現影響總效率之最大參數是旋葉數,其次是出口角,最後是入口角,田口法中得出,重新設計的更細部參數的最佳旋葉是A2-ea28-ia23-8,同時利用機器學習建立迴歸函數模型,透過訓練的模型,預測出效率值,最後經過COMSOL Multiphysics軟體模擬檢測出A2-ea28-ia23-8依然保持最佳的內部流場狀況,並運用自行設計之簡易透明泵浦,進行測試與印證。

探討SAP5基因3端非轉譯序列對表現量的影響

AtSAP5是阿拉伯芥中壓力相關蛋白(Stress Associated Protein)的成員之一,其表現與鹽分、乾旱、滲透壓、病毒等壓力相關。已知 SALK053644 突變株的SAP5表現量上升,此突變株的T-DNA嵌入於SAP5的3’UTR,我提出的假設是T-DNA破壞了他原本長3’UTR的NMD特性,造成SAP5的表現量改變。本研究將SAP5的3’UTR引入報導基因GFP中,利用菸草的短暫性表現了解不同3’UTR對於表現量的影響。本研究定序了T-DNA嵌入在SALK053644的位置,研究結果顯示SAP5的3’UTR受到NMD機制調控,而SALK053644的T-DNA上有一個新的SAP5多腺苷酸化位點,使用此位點的mRNA可能不會被NMD機制所降解,進而造成SAP5表現量上升。我提出三種可能的模式來解釋這樣的現象,分別是(1)T-DNA造成SAP5轉錄量上升,(2)T-DNA改變多腺苷酸化位點的使用,(3)T-DNA破壞SAP5 3’UTR後方的NMD特徵,相關的研究發現有助於了解可能影響SAP5基因表現之調控因素,也指出未來的研究方向。

利用深度學習將黑白影片色彩化

1920年代和1930年代,攝影設備剛剛起步,攝影設備只能拍攝黑白圖像的照片或影片,但仍有許多經典電影被記錄下來。如今,隨著科技的進步,攝影設備也在不斷迭代,彩色成像技術和高品質成像技術不斷被更好的技術所取代。因此,如何將黑白圖像轉換為彩色圖像成為一個重要的研究課題。本研究的目的是將黑白影片轉換成彩色影片。我們的方法可以分為兩部分:彩色化模型設計和影片連續性優化。在顏色轉換模型設計部分,我們使用了生成對抗網絡(GANs)技術,基於U-Net設計了5個模型,並使用COCO數據集訓練顏色生成模型。在電影連續性優化部分,我們首先使用景觀數據集中微調的前五個模型中最好的模型。在這個過程中,我們發現模型生成的影片存在顏色不連續的問題。因此,我們設計了三套方案來解決,比如使用H.264重新編碼生成電影,使用平均像素的色調值提高電影的色調穩定性,使用ORB預測個別幀。結果表明,影片的色彩轉換效果表現優異。

boom!玉米定時炸彈-探討玉米粒爆開之因素

本研究發現玉米粒受熱爆開的時間分布圖形,不符合普松分布圖形,證明玉米粒爆開不是一個隨機事件。研究亦發現玉米粒爆開的時間,會受玉米粒內水分的多寡與加熱時油溫的影響。從玉米粒在加熱的過程中,尖端的小孔會冒出氣泡,我們建立了「玉米粒壓力鍋模型」、發現玉米粒冒出氣泡的速率改變,符合白努力定律。再將玉米粒內產生的水氣莫耳數減掉溢出的水氣莫耳數,配合理想氣體方程式,我們得到一公式,可以解釋玉米粒在加熱過程中的壓力變化。並從此公式可解釋為何玉米粒在水分多、高油溫、孔徑小的情形下容易爆開。最後我們將推論的物理模型做數值模擬,發現模擬結果與實驗所觀察的現象相符。

車輛預防翻覆系統

人們每天依靠著車輛往來各地,在帶來各種便利的同時,卻也伴隨著各種安全隱憂。本研究想要預防因駕駛轉向過於劇烈所導致的車輛翻覆行為,因此設計自動控制系統以避免車輛因轉向過於劇烈所導致的車輛翻覆行為。本研究利用車輛模型模擬轉向時車輛側向加速度的變化,根據模擬結果設計控制策略。控制目標為希望能降低車輛轉向時的側向加速度,進而避免翻車。控制策略分為門檻式控制策略與連續控制策略。控制系統輸入訊號為車輛側向加速度,而輸出訊號為車輛左右兩後輪馬達的扭矩訊號。控制系統只需要偵測車輛的側向加速度即可推得車輛轉向的時間點,並在車輛有較高可能翻覆時,根據控制策略予以車輛馬達扭矩輸出訊號的限制,避免轉向時側向加速度過高導致翻車。

全臺新記錄種皺家蟻特徵、習性及其偷懶行為之研究

本研究藉由觀察及設計掉落式陷阱分析校園內螞蟻生物多樣性,發現校園螞蟻種類多達12種,而其中「新皺家蟻」經專家鑑定為全臺新記錄,而其特徵與同屬螞蟻不同處為觸角節數,「新皺家蟻」為11節,其餘皆為12節;而前伸腹節刺與同屬蟻種均不相同,「新皺家蟻」及日本皺家蟻皆為一巢多后制,前者依營養需求轉換進食對象,後者偏好肉類蛋白質。在養殖時發現其反抗能力相對於同屬蟻種差,且工蟻大多時候都在偷懶,深入探討後發現牠們是在等待任務,但當積極工蟻疲勞時或危急情況發生時,承當替補或應對者。由於偷懶工蟻在特定情況下變得積極,故以「行為次數」進行分析比「偷懶工蟻比例」更能呈現工蟻的偷懶程度,新皺家蟻偷懶行為發生率約84%,偷懶工蟻比例約40%。工蟻越接近死亡越不偷懶,但偷懶行為不受族群組成影響。而雄、雌蟻只負責延續族群。

HOPE WASTE (House Processor Waste) with IoT (Internet of Things) as a Laundry Liquid Waste Treatment Household Environment

Washing is one of the things that must be done by every household. Rural and urban communities have to wash clothes every day, to get clean clothes so they can be reused. But it turns out that with many households doing this activity, it will cause side effects that are not good. The impact will worsen the quality of the surrounding water because this activity is not equipped with a waste treatment process, but instead is dumped directly into the nearest ditch or river. As a result, this waste causes water pollution. The chemical compositions contained in detergents are grouped into 3, namely surface active substances ranging from 20-30%, reinforcing agents are the largest detergent components ranging from 70-80% and other ingredients around 2-8%, where surfactants are the main ingredients. cleaning agent in detergent. If not managed properly, it will cause environmental problems in the future. This research was carried out for 4 months at MAN Sidoarjo and Brawijaya University. The research method used was research and development and experiment methods, and data collection techniques using the observation method. From these problems, we offer a solution by making an internet of things-based device which we call HOPE WASTE (House Processor Waste) with IoT (Internet of Things) as the processing of household laundry liquid waste. HOPE Waste is a house-shaped device that functions to treat Laundry Liquid Waste which combines electrocoagulation methods and utilizes Biosorbents, namely Barringtonia Asiatica and Activated Charcoal which are made into powder. Where the Biosorbent content can bind chemicals in laundry liquid waste so that we can combine them using environmentally friendly IoT-based electrocoagulation methods.

探討青少女睡眠型態、鼻結膜炎與壓力對黑眼圈之相關性

青少女的身體意象是自我概念發展的重要指標,而黑眼圈是青少女常見的身體意象困擾之一。為了探討相關因素對黑眼圈大小的影響,本研究收集69位青少女的臉部資料,透過影像分析,測量黑眼圈的大小,並利用問卷記錄受試者拍攝期間之匹茲堡睡眠品質質量表、青少年鼻結膜炎問卷、壓力知覺量表以及睡眠日記等。研究結果顯示週末與週間睡眠型態、鼻結膜炎及壓力三項變因與黑眼圈嚴重度之關聯性達統計上的顯著意義。

Introduction of Omed-Omedan Tradition Through Augmented Reality-Based Card Games To Increase The Love of Local Culture

This research is motivated by the differences in the people's perceptions, mainly youth about the omed-omedan tradition. The difference is that many people think that the omed-omedan tradition violates the norms of decency and is also called the pornography tradition. The purpose of this study is to, 1) describe the mechanism of applying omed-omedan tradition recognition attitudes through augmented reality-based card games, 2) analyz the impact resulting from the application of omed-omedan tradition recognition attitudes through augmented reality-based card games, and 3) analyze about the feasibility of application resulting from the application of omed-omedan tradition recognition attitudes through augmented reality-based card games. This research is a type of R&D research conducted at Bali Mandara State High School from July 1-September 6, 2021. The subjects of this study were the teenagers of Kaja Sesetan Indigenous Village and the object of this study was the omed-omedan tradition through augmented reality-based card games. The data collection method used is the literature studies, questionnaires, interviews, and validation questionnaires. Data is processed based on qualitative descriptive approach and quantitative descriptive approach. The results showed that the mechanism of implementing the omed-omedan tradition originated from the download of assistive devices, namely android studios and applications from AR, the impact of augmented reality-based card games was seen as very helpful in the introduction of the omed-omedan tradition and was seen as able to help increase the love of local culture, besides that the media used was also very popular by players because it was seen as interesting and very helpful. Based on the feasibility tests that have been calculated, this game is considered very feasible to implement and researchers hope that the innovations that have been created can effectively provide understanding to help out the local community about omed-omedan tradition.

探討I類與II類的HDAC基因調節細胞週期之互補功能

組蛋白脫乙醯基酶 (HDAC) 會調節染色體結構,提升基因表現。除了調控基因表現以外,HDAC基因家族中的 I 類已知有調節細胞週期的功能,但 II 類調節細胞週期之研究甚少。而癌症臨床用藥HDAC抑制劑會同時阻斷 I 和 II 類之功能而產生副作用。因此本研究以釀酒酵母為對象,分析 I 類的RPD3、 II 類的HDA1基因對細胞週期之影響,以及HDAC基因剔除菌株在面臨DNA複製壓力時的變化。結果顯示同時失去 RPD3 、HDA1 基因的菌株 S 期檢查點功能損壞、細胞滯留於 G2/M 期,且在DNA複製壓力環境下死亡。爲釐清此菌株死亡的原因,實驗剔除在S期和G2/M期皆具調節功能的 MAD2 基因。得知 HDAC 基因和 MAD2 在S期的DNA複製起步期分別調控不同路徑;在DNA複製衝刺期則調控同一路徑。也發現RPD3 基因在維持細胞S期檢查點正常作用扮演較重之角色,而 HDA1 則扮輔助的功能。