全國中小學科展

2022年

火焰之舞

國慶煙火在天空綻放時,顏色斑斕炫爛,不禁在想,火藥裡頭究竟加了哪些物質造成這些五顏六色的絢麗光芒?於是開始搜尋資料,發現這些多彩的色光,是因為電子在不同的軌域中躍遷時放出來的光芒,稱為焰色反應。於是我們開始動手作實驗,發現在酒精膏上填充不同的金屬離子會出現不一樣顏色的火焰,而且在火焰的外部加入電場,竟然能使火焰產生偏折的現象!這個現象更引起了我們的好奇,火焰中是否含有帶電離子,以致於被電場吸引?又添加不同價數的離子,是否會因為價數的不同而造成偏折角度的差異?於是我們經過了反覆實驗後觀察到失去電子的正電離子,確實會因為電場的影響造成不同角度的偏折,且正電離子本身的價數越大,造成的偏折角度越小。

槭樹翅果成熟過程中單、雙翅差異性探討

具翅植物是一種成功適應散播的果實。槭樹果實會成對的在樹上生長,並在成熟後分開單獨落下。本研究欲了解槭樹果實成熟過程中的各階段變化、以及探討翅果單、雙翅在傳播效率上的差異性,並配合物理方面的分析。實驗結果發現單翅果之水平位移量、滯空時間、角速度皆較雙翅果大,且會受到康達效應作用,以終端速度掉落,雙翅果呈等加速度運動,故在傳播效率方面單翅果優於雙翅果。而在成長過程中槭樹翅果一開始是由合生心皮雌蕊發育而來,在成熟後產生離層,只透過心皮間柱與枝條相連,之後當心皮間柱斷裂時,雙翅果分離形成單翅果。由雙翅果較低的角速度推測其在生長過程中較為穩定。本實驗了解了槭樹翅果單翅及雙翅在不同時期對繁衍的優勢。

透過相轉移催化劑合成Chromeno[4,3-b]pyrrolidine之衍生物

本研究之反應產物Chromeno[4,3-b]pyrrolidine之衍生物含有吡咯烷及二氫苯并哌喃的骨架,而此二者存在於許多藥物及天然物中,例如:尼古丁及蛋白質中的脯胺酸皆為吡咯烷的衍生物,含有二氫苯并哌喃骨架的藥物則通常被應用於消炎藥物中。本研究主要反應是以對甲基苯醌衍生物與亞胺葉立德前驅物在相轉移催化劑及無機鹼的催化下進行(3+2)環加成反應與oxa-1,6-加成反應,合成出Chromeno[4,3-b]pyrrolidine之衍生物。利用改變不同的相轉移催化劑、溶劑和無機鹼的種類及各反應物的當量數,篩選出進行本反應的最佳反應條件。在此優化條件下,進一步使用不同的掌性相轉移催化劑,以探討本反應之光學活性。並利用無機鹼的篩選,以排除背景反應發生的可能性。希望最後能於起始物上替換不同種類的取代基,以探討本反應之反應活性,並增加其未來應用的多樣性。

A.N.T.s: Algorithm for Navigating Traffic System in Automated Warehouses

According to CNN Indonesia 2020, the demand for e-Commerce in Indonesia has nearly doubled during this pandemic. This surge in demand calls for a time-efficient method for warehouse order-picking. One approach to achieve that goal is by incorporating automation in their warehouse systems. Globally, the market of warehouse robotics is expected to reach 12.6 billion USD by 2027 (Data Bridge Market Research, 2020). In this research, the warehouse system studied would utilize AMR (Autonomous Mobile Robots) to lift and deliver movable shelf units to the packing station where workers are at. This research designed a heuristic algorithm called A.N.T.s (Algorithm for Navigating Traffic System) to conduct task assigning and pathfinding for AMR in the automated warehouse. The warehouse layout was drawn as a two-dimensional map in grids. When an order is placed, A.N.T.s would assign the task to a robot that would require the least amount of time to reach the target shelf. A.N.T.s then conducted pathfinding heuristically using Manhattan Distance. A.N.T.s would help the robot to navigate its way to the target shelf unit, lift the shelf and bring it to the designated packing station. A.N.T.s algorithm was tested in various warehouse layouts and with a varying number of AMRs. Comparison against the commonly used Djikstra’s algorithm was also conducted (Shaikh and Dhale, 2013). Results show that the proposed A.N.T.s algorithm could execute 100 orders in a 27x23 layout with five robots 9.96 times faster than Dijkstra with no collisions. The algorithm is also shown to be able to help assign tasks to robots and help them find short paths to navigate their ways to the shelf units and packing stations. A.N.T.s could navigate traffic to avoid deadlocks and collisions in the warehouse with the aid of lanes and directions.

Bio-Circular-Green Superabsorber

As the world has become concerned about the global waste crisis and global warming, there has been a surge of research within materials science to find materials that would replace plastic, such as bioplastics or biodegradable materials, in order to reduce environmental pollution. Plastics generates the microplastics that allowed them to become cross contamination enter the ocean through land, sea and river. Science research found (Lusher et al. (2017)) over 220 species of marine animals ingested microplastic, half of them are considered relevant for commercial purpose and increasing the risk of human consumption as it can induce immune response, oxidative stress, cytotoxicity, alter membrane integrity and cause differential expression of genes. Thailand is also experiencing such a challenge, as seen by the overabundance of plastic waste that might take centuries to decompose. For example, around 1680 million personal hygiene products such as diapers, sanitary napkins, and tampons are used each year. This study highlights the use of naturally accessible absorbent fibers from malva nut (Scaphium scaphigerum) (G. Don) Guib & Planch.), which is widely available and biodegradable in nature and has a low carbon footprint. This study also aimed to develop natural absorbent pads using compostable spun, external layers, and biodegradable glue. A prototype sanitary napkin with biodegradable absorbent pads was developed and evaluated for absorption ability, absorption rate, pH, and biodegradability. The absorbent material absorbed up to 19 times its weight in 2 minutes and 33 times its weight in 2 hours, which is enough for an average of 80-150 mL of menstrual blood. The prototype napkin deteriorated within 99 days, based on naked eye observation. Some signs of degradation and microorganisms growing on the prototype were also observed from scanning electron microscopic images. According to the findings, natural absorbent pads made from malva nut have the potential to be converted into sanitary napkins. Furthermore, it is proposed that the components, which include superabsorbent renewable materials, spinning compostable layer, external compostable layer and biodegradable glue, may be used in a variety of goods, including adult diaper pants, incontinence pads, and laboratory bench mats.

地球低頻震動事件偵測

本研究主要成果爲: 一、 利用本分析法成功驗證颶風Bill (2009) 侵襲美國東岸期間沿著棚裂形成的“stormquakes” 現象(下文稱爲「風暴震」)。 二、 探討並確認近十年間10個中、強颱通過臺灣附近水域時,臺灣的地震測站沒有記錄到風暴震產生的訊號。 我們透過頻譜分析發現,0.01 ~ 0.05 Hz頻段的地震波形數據在我們研究的多數西太平洋颱風通過期間有顯著的能量增加,卻沒有產生來自海域的點源訊號。不過在2009年莫拉克颱風與2013年天兔颱風期間,波形記錄到了數十起來自陸地的振動訊號(經判定爲山崩)。我們發展了一種定位方法,成功定位颶風Bill與上述兩颱風期間的訊號;並且對比了20次已知震央的構造地震,確認定位方法的可行度。

竹片熱電流增益放大及熱電流充電器

本實驗利用竹片導熱性差的天然特性,將奈米金屬顆粒以高壓蒸氣及低壓吸入法嵌入竹片的維管束中,並將NaCl蒸煮滲入竹片組織,形成導電通道,以提升修飾後竹片的電導率。量測實驗發現以氯化鈉及銀奈米顆粒修飾後的竹片,電導率提升達11880倍,而熱導率僅提升10%,可成為常溫範圍熱電材料。NaCl在解離成Na+與Cl-導電率可提升103倍。我們將修飾後的竹片,密封在含水蒸氣的電絕緣小盒中,製作成竹片熱電裝置。LED燈泡發光度實驗,當竹片兩端溫差為45度時,燈泡發光度提升40%,為一熱電流增益放大器。串聯竹片熱電裝置在普魯士藍二次電池充電線路中,以0.015 mA電流充電,發現當竹片兩端溫差為45度時,充電電流提升到0.025 mA,飽和充電時間從原本的12小時,縮短到7小時。

Introduction of Omed-Omedan Tradition Through Augmented Reality-Based Card Games To Increase The Love of Local Culture

This research is motivated by the differences in the people's perceptions, mainly youth about the omed-omedan tradition. The difference is that many people think that the omed-omedan tradition violates the norms of decency and is also called the pornography tradition. The purpose of this study is to, 1) describe the mechanism of applying omed-omedan tradition recognition attitudes through augmented reality-based card games, 2) analyz the impact resulting from the application of omed-omedan tradition recognition attitudes through augmented reality-based card games, and 3) analyze about the feasibility of application resulting from the application of omed-omedan tradition recognition attitudes through augmented reality-based card games. This research is a type of R&D research conducted at Bali Mandara State High School from July 1-September 6, 2021. The subjects of this study were the teenagers of Kaja Sesetan Indigenous Village and the object of this study was the omed-omedan tradition through augmented reality-based card games. The data collection method used is the literature studies, questionnaires, interviews, and validation questionnaires. Data is processed based on qualitative descriptive approach and quantitative descriptive approach. The results showed that the mechanism of implementing the omed-omedan tradition originated from the download of assistive devices, namely android studios and applications from AR, the impact of augmented reality-based card games was seen as very helpful in the introduction of the omed-omedan tradition and was seen as able to help increase the love of local culture, besides that the media used was also very popular by players because it was seen as interesting and very helpful. Based on the feasibility tests that have been calculated, this game is considered very feasible to implement and researchers hope that the innovations that have been created can effectively provide understanding to help out the local community about omed-omedan tradition.

車輛預防翻覆系統

人們每天依靠著車輛往來各地,在帶來各種便利的同時,卻也伴隨著各種安全隱憂。本研究想要預防因駕駛轉向過於劇烈所導致的車輛翻覆行為,因此設計自動控制系統以避免車輛因轉向過於劇烈所導致的車輛翻覆行為。本研究利用車輛模型模擬轉向時車輛側向加速度的變化,根據模擬結果設計控制策略。控制目標為希望能降低車輛轉向時的側向加速度,進而避免翻車。控制策略分為門檻式控制策略與連續控制策略。控制系統輸入訊號為車輛側向加速度,而輸出訊號為車輛左右兩後輪馬達的扭矩訊號。控制系統只需要偵測車輛的側向加速度即可推得車輛轉向的時間點,並在車輛有較高可能翻覆時,根據控制策略予以車輛馬達扭矩輸出訊號的限制,避免轉向時側向加速度過高導致翻車。

超分子奈米粒子應用於基因治療

X染色體關聯性視網膜裂損症患者,在青少年時期會逐漸喪失視力,主要是因為RS1基因突變造成視網膜剝離,目前並沒有藥物達到有效的治療效果,即使最新研發的病毒載體基因療法也沒有效果,雖然在動物模型中具有良好的表現,但是在人體試驗中卻沒有獲得任何顯著的改善成果,推測是實驗模型不夠完善,在本實驗中,我們將會採用幹細胞分化成為視網膜類器官,並搭配上超分子奈米粒子運輸基因編輯材料送入,期許達到治療效果。本研究中以超分子奈米粒子(SMNP)將CRISPR/Cas9基因編輯系統及正常RS1基因共同運輸進入細胞來達成基因敲入的效果。我們篩選出兩個具有最佳傳遞性之超分子奈米粒子載體(Cas9/sgRNA-plasmidÌSMNPs及Donor-RS1/GFP-plasmidÌSMNPs)並將其應用於細胞中,於其安全編輯位點(AAVS1 locus)實施基因敲入,接著以PCR及Sanger sequence檢測敲入基因的正確性,並施以免疫螢光法分析RS1蛋白表現。結果顯示在細胞當中,RS1/GFP基因成功敲入AAVS1位點中並能有效進行表現,因此我們進而測試該方法是否能應用於iPSC分化而成的人類視網膜類器官中,其也成功表現RS1/GFP 質體引發的綠色螢光蛋白(GFP),效果也持續接近40天。總而言之,我們希望目前的研究結果可以作為未來開發遺傳性疾病基因治療法的藍圖,造福受疾病所困擾的病患。