2019年

Visual impairment is a major global health problem. In 2017, WHO estimated that there were 253 million people worldwide with this ailment. According to the journal of the American Medical association, the prevalence of visual impairment in the Saudi population is 9.3%. Learning Braille by families of students with visual impairments remains a major obstacle, which precipitates several communication issues. Moreover, difficulties for the students themselves lie in learning braille with languages that include diacritical marks; consequently, affecting their academic progress. My main objective of this project is to help improving life quality of these individuals, and the focus is to advance their social productivity and adaptation. This was accomplished through creating a new simpler Arabic writing system using geometrical shapes. As a part of this project, fifteen participants with visual impairments were interviewed and tried this new writing system; two of them are adults between 25 and 40 years old while the rest are students from 9 to 17 years old. Additionally, 100 participants with visual impairments completed a survey. The data showed that students learned this system in two hours in comparison with students that mastered braille in a few months. This shows that this system is easier to learn and subsequently saves time and effort. The most important value added to this project is that diacritical marks were combined with the alphabet, thereby considerably reducing book sizes compared to Braille-written books. This project presents a novel system that helps people with visual impairments to increase their confidence and independence.

The purpose of this project are 1)To study the relationship between global warming and acid rain with chemical model and mathematics model from temperature changing and pH of carbonic acid. 2) To create a pH measurement tool of carbonic acid in gaseous state.3) To study the impact of human activities in Loei province that affect to the relationship between global warming and acid rain. The procedures are 1)Do an experiment for studying the relationship between temperature changing and pH of carbonic acid. 2) Proof the mathematics model by using the result of experiment, the chemical reaction equation of carbonic acid solution. 3)Create a pH measurement tool of Carbonic acid by using Arduino and sensor with new formula in the computer program. 4) Using a pH measurement tool of Carbonic acid for studying impact of human activities in Loei province including industrial area, agricultural area, tourism area and forest area. The result of the mathematical model of the relationship between temperature changing and pH of carbonic acid is in form of Cubic equation in Equilibrium state and STP state. (Standard condition for Temperature and Pressure) So, we found that in this state has pH of carbonic acid is about 5.644. When the temperature rises up the effect of rainfall has a lower pH of carbonic acid solution. We also proof the new formula that create a pH measurement tool of Carbonic acid in gaseous state. The impact of human activities in Loei province found that the areas most affected by acid rain are the industrial areas, agricultural areas, tourism areas and forest areas respectively. In conclusion, when the temperature rises, it will dissolve acid solutions in the water on the earth. The loss of [H+] made the pH increases and the greenhouse gases become more atmospheric. These gases are more likely to react with atmospheric vapor. When these vapor form a cloud and condensation falls as rain, the rainfall has a lower pH, that is, global warming can result in the phenomenon of acid rain is greater.

臨床上，人工血管與心血管支架常因血栓導致其使用壽命減短，甚至造成病人生命危險，而血栓起因乃為血小板活化。氧化石墨烯為新穎二維材料，其於醫學方面的應用也極具潛力。本研究藉由微流道觀測系統，透過光學顯微鏡直接觀測氧化石墨烯表面與血小板間之交互作用，再進一步使用紫外光還原氧化石墨烯表面，並使用原子力顯微鏡(AFM)、X光光電子能譜儀(XPS)、凱爾文探測力顯微鏡(Kelvin Probe)等檢測氧化石墨烯表面性質。 經實驗證實，鍍有氧化石墨烯之表面在流動狀態下，可有效地減少血小板的活化與貼附，並推測因氧化石墨烯表面帶有負電荷，可排斥同帶負電荷之血小板，以達到減少血栓生成的目的，未來可進一步應用在人工心血管支架上，延長其使用壽命。此研究突顯了改善人工血管與支架表面性質與其臨床上應用的重要性，而材料表面修飾也為優化臨床應用提供一個可行方法。

近年來中醫在慢性病的治療上已獲得很大的進展，許多中草藥的功能與特性皆是利用人體實驗來找出其效用，中藥內含的成分極為複雜，其功能與毒性測試常依賴於過去經驗醫學，許多中藥仍有待探討與實證，其對人體細胞和基因的影響仍不如西醫。因此目前國內外紛紛開始建置中草藥、成分、化合物相關數據庫供查詢，然而如何讓中醫的功能與毒性科學化變得是很重要的議題。本研究利用化學結構的數據分析來探討中藥成分與人體臟器與毒性的關係性。我們採用深度學習模型以中草藥的化學性質作為輸入，透過化學結構的圖像傳播，來預測中草藥相對應之臟器有效功能與毒性預測，希望透過本研究可以提供中藥對健康影響的依據並作為未來輔助中醫的工具，讓人們可更加了解食用中藥對人體可能有的正面與負面影響。

This study completes an air vibration equation expressed wind speed slope and wind speed. First, preliminary experiments identified air vibrations when wind speed differences occurred over distance. Several air fans were connected in series and the rotational speed of the air fan was adjusted to vary the wind speed with distance. At this time, only certain pendulum oscillates during a particular wind speed slope. It was expected that the pendulum would shake because the frequency of the air due to the slope of the wind speed was equal to the natural frequency of the pendulum. In addition, relatively short pendulum swings in large wind speed slope, long pendulum swings in short wind speed slope. After calculating the natural frequency of the seasonal growth of fruit using the physical factors model, we experiment how resonant frequency was related with cone length, angular width, wind speed, velocity and secondary derivative. the actual experiment analyzed the natural frequency of the fruit and resonance from the air vibration as the linear function of the wind speed, velocity, and secondary derivative. The experiment determined that the pendulum of a specified number of frequencies resonated with a particular wind speed pattern. It is judged that the vibration of air is related to first derivative of wind speed depending on speed and distance. However, it is very difficult to express the flow of nonlinear fluids as a function of simple function, particularly the effects of air vibrations caused by wind speed second derivative, which appeared to be associated with forces. This is a task that needs to be solved through further research.

本研究以高溫鍛燒的褐藻酸鈉鹽與亞硫酸銨混合粉末作為電極修飾材料，並與多層奈米碳管(CNT)混合後，附著於碳紙極電板上。修飾材料中推測含有碳奈米纖維與碳量子點，其表面具親水性的含氧官能基，可提高CNT在水相中的分散性；而碳奈米纖維則推測可增加材料的機械強度，提升電極可撓度。研究藉由調整鍛燒溫度和氮材合成比例，探討不同變因下製造的電極修飾材料對電容效能的影響。 得知最佳鍛燒條件為：褐藻酸鈉鹽與亞硫酸銨1：1(重量比)、鍛燒溫度為160℃。利用此條件下製作出來的電極修飾材料，可以使實驗材料達到最高的比電容值324F/g。此製程大幅提升了奈米碳管的比電容值(對照組128F/g)，期待未來能實際運用於電能儲存裝置上，或搭配電池應用於可撓式電子裝置。

自轉是塑造恆星演化的關鍵物理因素（A. Maeder et al. 2012），然而，在一些研究當中，模擬恆星演化仍會選擇忽略旋轉的影響（Pietrinferni et al. 2004），這開啟了我探討自轉在恆星演化扮演的角色之興趣，於是展開以下研究。MESA（Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics）為一專業天文物理界中普遍使用之電腦程式，能模擬各種恆星演化場景，本研究藉由MESA模擬不自轉至具自轉程度差異之恆星演化模型，探討其演化過程之變化及最終狀態之差異。研究結果分析發現自轉混合導致不同殼層位置之元素有更好的對流性，因而產生較好之化學同質性質 (Chemical Homogeneous)，而自轉效應在驅使恆星進入presupernova階段亦有一定程度的重要性。

兩棲類是一群可以在水域及陸域棲息生活的動物，幼體期蝌蚪生活在水中，具尾巴可四處游動，多數為濾食或刮食，但變態後的成體青蛙主要生活在陸地，吐出長舌捕食會動的生物。因此蝌蚪變態前後不僅生存環境大為改變，攝食行為也從被動取食轉為主動攻擊，所以推測牠們在變態過程中，眼睛位置會有所變化，形成更大的雙眼(立體)視覺區，適應變態前後的劇烈改變。本研究運用向量幾何作圖方式，將頭部眼睛位置座標數值化後，分析不同蝌蚪變態前後眼睛位置與雙眼視覺的變化情形，試著找出變化趨勢與棲地、行為或演化之間的關聯性。結果發現不同眼睛類型的蝌蚪在變態過程中，眼睛位置會有不同的轉變過程，但變態之後，眼睛皆會往頭部兩側移動，眼睛至吻端的距離變短，導致雙眼視覺區變大，更具立體視覺，可精準判斷獵物位置。此外也發現蝌蚪視野範圍主要受水層高低影響，高水層蝌蚪眼睛位於頭兩側，低水層蝌蚪眼睛則生長在背部。成蛙視野範圍影響因素有棲地、行為及親緣關係，棲地分析結果顯示會在水陸兩邊活動的成蛙視野範圍最大。水棲型的福建大頭蛙具有強領域行為，陸棲性黑眶蟾蜍具瞄準捕食行為，故雙眼視覺都較大。同屬於樹蛙科的蛙類雙眼視覺大小的影響因素主要與為活動高度有關，樹棲型樹蛙因需在樹林活動，演化出較大的雙眼視覺，以利判斷空間位置。艾氏、王氏與碧眼樹蛙等親緣關係接近的姊妹種因生殖行為類似，蝌蚪與成蛙都演化出具有相似的眼睛型態。

本研究利用仿生機器人(Biomorphic robotics)來探討蜂鳥(hummingbird)在不同重量變化下的飛行機制。本實驗利用了使用多連桿結構組成的仿生蜂鳥機器人，並使用懸吊裝置來模擬不同重量的蜂鳥，再藉由慢動作高速攝影機來紀錄蜂鳥振翅飛行的過程。透過影像分析與紀錄重量變化來分析仿生蜂鳥拍翅時的動態行為後，我們可以得到與仿生蜂鳥重量相對應的上升力結果與不同蜂鳥重量下相對應的拍翅頻率數據。我們從這些關係分析作圖並推導出對應的公式，這些結果可以解釋為何大部分蜂鳥重量都介於10 - 20克以及拍翅頻率介於20-50Hz，目前尚未有文獻發現及探討這些相關現象的研究，此研究的結果可作為未來微型撲翼機(ornithopter) 的設計參考，有助於微型軍用探測機械與小型空中救援機械的發展。

由於人工合成的化學材料在包覆藥物進行人體醫療測試時，不可分解性會帶來體內累積的毒性，搜尋各類化合物的結構後，發現核酸上的含氮鹼基具有一級胺結構，可和天然交聯劑京尼平或DTSSP進行反應，因此，本研究抽取水果的核酸進行實驗，利用界面活性劑乳化的過程中將阿黴素(DOX)，包覆進入交聯後的核酸水膠，穿透式顯微鏡的結果顯示交聯後的水膠結構是球狀，平均粒徑大約是120奈米，核酸本身帶負電，水膠有包覆藥物的界面電位稍微減少負電，利用人類正常肺上皮細胞進行水膠共同培養，2毫克/毫升的水膠溶液在連續培養48小時後，並不會造成細胞死亡，奈米水膠在pH值5.5釋放DOX的量比pH值7.4還要高出27%，有奈米水膠包覆DOX的情況下，更能有效率進入癌細胞內與引起癌細胞毒性，本水果核酸製成的奈米水膠在生物體可分解的無毒包覆材料上，於未來可提供一個新的藥物載體參考。