臺灣

記得小時候常玩大富翁，在走步數之前常要由擲骰子來決定。又在上國中之後學到了有關機率的問題，所以讓我想起此事，想藉由此次的科展對大富翁內的機率做一番徹底的研究與了解。

長期以來，臨床研究發現會影響人類胚胎的正常發育，造成胚胎畸形、成長遲緩等現象，稱為胎兒酒精症候群（fetal alcohol syndrome），但是其病理機制仍不清楚。最近的研究發現斑馬魚胚胎對於酒精有非常靈敏的反應，出現明顯的發育異常現象，例如心臟膨大、眼睛縮小、骨頭變形等現象，與人類胎兒酒精症候群相似，顯示斑馬魚非常適合作為研究胎兒酒精症候群的模式動物。在本實驗中，我們針對酒精影響視網膜神經發育的現象進行探討，並且也利用基因晶片篩選出胚胎發育時期受酒精影的的基因轉錄子，藉以了解酒雞造成胚胎畸形發育的機制。實驗結果顯示在眼睛發育過程中，1.5% 酒精浸泡會抑制視網膜神經細胞的分層（Lamination），而進一步利用RNA定位雜交的方式以眼睛的標示基因rx1、pax6b、six3b、alpha-crystallin、rho、neuroＤ、huC觀察他們的表現，發現酒精會減少視網膜神經細胞的分化，造成眼睛發育的缺陷。在基因晶片的分析中，我們發現酒精處理會抑制許多控制眼睛發育的基因調控子的表現，包括了crx、rybp、irx4a、optx2、rx1、brn3b1 與 vsx1等，此外約有16%的眼睛相關基因液受到酒精的抑制，遠高於其他基因受抑制的比例，顯示眼睛是酒精傷害最嚴重的區域之一。我們從實驗結果得知酒精並未對胚胎發育初期眼睛的發育造成明顯的影響，但是隨後由於控制細胞分化的幾個重要基因受到酒精抑制作用，造成視網膜神經細胞的分化停止，引起眼睛的異常發育的情況。It was known that prenatal alcohol exposure may cause serious birth defects and developmental disabilities. The molecular mechanism of this fetal alcohol syndrome still remains unclear. Here we used zebrafish embryo as a model to investigate the toxic effect of alcohol in retinal development. The histochemical analysis revealed that the cell lamination was prohibited by alcohol incubation. It appears that the retinal cell differentiation was inhibited. As revealed by whole mount RNA in situ hybridization, it appears that the transcription of a number of retinal-related regulatory genes, including rx1, pax6b, six3b, alpha-crystallin, rho, neuroD and huC, were all inhibited in zebrafish embryo by alcohol exposure. The transcriptional profile of alcohol-exposed embryos was also compared with normal embryos by microarray analysis at different stages. It appears that 16% of retinal-related genes were all repressed by 1.5% alcohol incubation, including several retina-related transcriptional factors, including crx, rybp, irx4a, optx2, rx1, brn3b1and vsx1. Our results suggest that alcohol did not interfere the early development of the eye, but has inhibited the final cell differentiation of retina cells. This study helps us understand the molecular mechanism of alcohol-mediated retinal malformation.

安德遜蠅虎的卵期和幼蛛期共約需 22~26 天，需經歷 6 齡（6 次脫皮）而成年，每齡需要時間為23~32 天，從卵期到成蛛約3~4 個月左右，成蛛約可再活 3~5 個月，為不完全變態。安德遜蠅虎喜歡在食物充足和陰暗的草叢和牆壁底層活動，能適應的溫度範圍在 15~33℃之間。安德遜蠅虎的行為項目目前已知 14 種，其中 4 種與捕食行為有關（例如：頭胸部升降、潛行、撲擊、迂迴），3 種與爭鬥行為有關（例如：Z形舞蹈1、前足斜舉、奔逃）；5 種與求偶行為有關（例如：觸肢擺動、前足斜舉、繞行、Z 形舞蹈 2、交尾） 。但牠不獵捕比自己體型過大的獵物，主要以小型蠅類或彈尾蟲為食，其捕食獵物主要靠視覺或感覺毛，中前眼最遠可看到超過12cm距離的東西，跳躍力最遠可跳出15cm 的距離。對於蠅虎的分佈區域就觀察提出【蠅虎集中發散推論】 ：一區域內的各種蠅虎，必有其集中地。各種蠅虎由其集中地向外發散、擴張形成發散地，並與其他種蠅虎勢力範圍重合，形成多種蠅虎共存的共存區。Hasarius adansoni’s egg development and postembryonic development require 22~26 days. It takes 6 stadiums to become adults. Every stadium needs 23~32 days . The adults can live to about 3~5 months . There are 3~4 months from egg development to adult. Hasarius adansoni like to move in grass and at the bottom of wall where there is plenty of food and no light.The scope of temperature is 15℃ to 33℃.There are 14 elements of behaviors known for Hasarius adansoni, including 4 predatory elements（such as Raise andlowered cephalothorax、Stalk、Leap and bit、Detour） , 3 agonistic behavior elements （such as Zigzag dance 1、First leg erect、Suddenly run and leap）, and 5 courtship behavior elements（such as Palp waving、First leg erect、Circular detour、Zigzag dance 2、Copulation）.But they don’t catch captures which are bigger than themselves；their main captures are little flies and Homidia sp. Relying on their vision and sensation hair，Hasarius adansoni’s Anterior Median eyes can identify for up to 12cm；long jump can for up to 12cm. The inference of jumping spider’s distribution could be that different species of jumping spiders in an area are sure to have their respective center habitats. They spread from the center habitats to disseminated areas. Then they overlap with those of their species and form a shared section of multiple species.

本研究之目的，乃針對氫氣及沼氣發酵的結合，建立『氫化-甲烷化』程序的厭氧發酵產能系統，取代傳統『酸化-甲烷化』的厭氧發酵程序，以期提升整體厭氧處理的產能效率。研究以蔗糖、畜產廢棄物（豬羊兔糞）、鳳梨皮廢棄物為基質，先個別以產氫菌35℃發酵收集氫及產甲烷菌40℃發酵收集沼氣，進一步再將產氫廢液進行二次發酵收集沼氣。試驗結果顯示，經過氫化-甲烷化的二次發酵後，能量總產值較傳統酸化-甲烷化發酵程序的產能提升，提升倍數分別為蔗糖基質：1.16倍；滅菌鳳梨皮基質：1.17-1.27倍；未滅菌鳳梨皮基質：2.62倍。以畜產廢棄物為基質，進行產氫菌及產甲烷菌靜置與連續流培養，以兔糞基質氫氣與甲烷產量最高。酸性的產氫廢液經二次發酵後，pH值皆有趨向中性偏鹼的變化。

本研究利用蛋白質的環保、生物活性，金奈米粒子的低毒性，及蛋白質金奈米粒子的螢光特性，合成可應用於生物體內之螢光蛋白質金奈米粒子，從而利於標靶藥物研究。本研究選擇與眾多疾病相關的胰島素，以最佳方式合成紅色螢光胰島素金奈米粒子，有助於探討糖尿病相關機制。並嘗試以養晶得到結晶狀的胰島素金奈米粒子；經由離子測試發現胰島素金奈米粒子十分穩定，更可應用於細胞內微量氰離子檢測；根據CD光譜，確認胰島素金奈米粒子與胰島素的蛋白質二級結構相似。之後利用MTT測試細胞毒性，並將胰島素金奈米粒子餵入細胞，並取得細胞螢光影像，證明胰島素金奈米粒子可經由細胞表面之胰島素受體進入細胞內，且呈現紅色螢光，證明胰島素金奈米粒子可用於生物體內顯影追蹤。利用老鼠實驗證明胰島素金奈米粒子具有胰島素降血糖之功用。

從小，我就對磁鐵這種礦物感到新奇，而近幾年又出現一種利用電磁鐵的磁極變化來產生動力的交通工具----磁浮列車。所以我就上網蒐尋相關資料，結果卻意外的發現一整套的磁浮列車模組，因此我就針對它的各種模式加以變化，並將地形的變化融入研究中，做為這次的研究方向。在這次的實驗中，我探討了(1)磁軌排列方式及間距(2) 車底磁鐵的排列方式、方向及間距(3)側面磁軌NS極、堆疊數目及間隔，並在最後將以上的最好變因融入高低起伏的地形中，做出一款只需些微動力就能向上、下滑行且效果最好的磁浮列車。

槐葉蘋(Salvinia natnas)生長於台灣低海拔淡水濕地，目前已列為嚴重瀕臨滅絕的台灣原生物種，為不具有根的植物，是世界珍稀的漂浮型水生蕨類。本研究是探討槐葉蘋形態、生活史及生存環境因子，實驗發現可藉由成熟浮水葉外部形態特徵來區別槐葉蘋與外來種之人厭槐葉蘋(Salvinia molesta)；槐葉蘋成熟浮水葉呈橢圓形，葉上毛被物是叢生且分岔，人厭槐葉蘋成熟浮水葉呈雙耳形，葉上毛被物則像打蛋器。當兩物種共存於同一個環境空間時，人厭槐葉蘋以平均11.6 cm2/week 的生長率將槐葉蘋完全取而代之，顯示人厭槐葉蘋之入侵對槐葉蘋生存影響之深遠。經由兩年的槐葉蘋物候觀察，發現3~11 月為抽芽成長期、3~12 月為成熟繁殖期、12 月~隔年2 月為冬枯期及孢子囊果出現期，12 月~隔年5 月為孢子囊果成熟開裂期。其繁衍策略可分為無性繁殖（頂芽及側芽生長）及有性生殖（異配子體交配）。探討環境因子（光照度、氣溫、濕度、水質、水溫、pH 值）分析結果，適合槐葉蘋生存環境的條件為(1)陽光間接照射（半遮蔭，遮蔭度58.33%）、(2)乾淨未受污染的水質(pH 6.5~8)、(3)通風性良好。生長環境符合以上條件即可達到移地保育的目的。Salvinia natans, a floating fern without roots, grows in low elevation fresh water wetlands of Taiwan, and is a critically endangered precious Taiwanese native species. This research investigates the life form, life history, and living environment of Salvinia natans. Our experiments show that we can differentiate Salvinia natans and Salvinia molesta, two easily mixed up species. The shape of matured floating leaves of Salvinia natans is elliptical and smaller, while it is twin-ear shape and larger for Salvinia molesta. Also, they can be distinguished by their leaf hairs. The hairs of Salvinia natans are tufted and separated at the tips, while the hairs of Salvinia molesta form an ‘eggbeater’ shape at the tip. When these two species lived together, Salvinia molesta grew in a rate of 11.6 cm2/week and will replace all Salvinia natans eventually. This shows the profound impact of invasion of Salvinia molesta. From the data of 2-year phenology observation, we concluded that budding took place from Mar. to Nov., growing and reproducing from Mar. to Dec., decaying from Dec. to Feb. (sporocarps were born in this period), and sporocarps matured from Dec. to May. There are two reproduction strategies: sexual reproduction (intergametophytic mating), and asexual propagation (by terminal and axillary growth). After investigating the environment factors (illuminance, air temperature, water temperature, humidity, pH), we found that ex situ conservation for Salvinia natans requires 1) indirect sunshine, 2) unpolluted water (pH 6.5 ~8), and 3) good ventilation.

本實驗以吸附染料之二氧化鈦奈米結構電極層為承載基材的太陽能電池為研究對象，旨在增進其光電轉換效率，促使染料有效地吸收光能後造成電荷分離，再經由二氧化鈦傳導帶向外傳出而形成電流，即所謂染料敏化太陽能電池。實驗主軸共分三：1、合成染料N3：觀察吸附度與浸泡時間之關係，發現在18~20 小時電池有最佳吸附；改變電解液濃度，求得最佳電解液濃度範圍；酸化二氧化鈦極板。2、天然植物色素：改變溶劑，得出高極性之丙酮對電池最佳；酸、鹼化植物色素；觀察電池隨著光照時間增加，性質趨於穩定。3、混合色素與染料：此實驗旨在印證不同吸能範圍之染料在極板混合浸泡後，電池吸能帶是否有疊加、擴充的效果，並觀察分開浸泡與混合色素一起浸泡之不同效應，量測IPCE 以玆比較。實驗結果可知，確實對於電池吸光範圍有所增加，且分開浸泡之效果較好。This experiment is mainly about the phtosensitization of Ti02 solar cell, aiming at improving the energy conversion efficiency, promoting the electric charge to separate from TiO2 and spread out through after the dye absorbs light. That is so-called dye-sensitized solar cell. The experiment mainly divides into three parts: 1. Ruthenium(II): Observing the connection between adsorption and dipped-time, find out that solar cell has best to adsorb in 18 to 20 hours; change the concentration of electrolyte; acidification TiO2. 2. Photosynthetic pigments: Change solvent, and get the conclusion that pigment has better adsorption in high polar solvents such as acetone; acidification/basification pigments; observe the changing of energy conversion efficiency while the illumination time increases. 3. Mixed the dye and pigment: This experiment is aim at proofing that the absorption spectrum of soaked-TiO2 may mix after dipped in different dye and pigment. Furthermore, we compares the differences between TiO2 dipped in one mix solution and dipped in several solutions separately, measure its IPCE. According to the experiment, the spectrum of soaked-TiO2 is certainly larger, and dipping in solution separately has better effect to the battery.

本篇文章從＂將aⁿ+bⁿ分解成（a+b）及ab的非線性組合＂出發，在同樣的遞迴精神下引進並定義擬-Lucas多項式 ＜Sn (X)>：

本研究計畫之目的在建立一個家蠶自動注射系統，並應用此系統讓家蠶生產具特定抗菌蛋白之蠶絲，製成抗菌繃帶。使用家蠶為載體生產特定基因工程蛋白，具有成本低廉、產量大、品質較好等優點，而家蠶自動注射系統可以大幅增加其生產基因工程蛋白蠶絲的效率。本研究中先進行家蠶表皮組織之研究，找出家蠶的最佳注射點。其次使用電流變液做為介質，設計了可控快速家蠶固定系統，並使用單一攝影機進行影像辨識，進行注射器之雙軸定位。接著發展出小液量之微量注射器，每次注射量可低至2 l。系統中並設計一圓盤式輸送系統，可快速運送家蠶至定點接受注射。研究後段以實驗控制桿狀病毒之濃度，讓家蠶產出具特定抗菌蛋白之蠶絲，並使用該蠶絲製成抗菌繃帶，可有效保護傷口免於特定細菌之感染。