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臺灣

薈「植藍」新──萃集植酸作為藍瓶實驗新的還原劑

「藍瓶」實驗是利用還原糖加入氫氧化鈉、亞甲藍溶液,使之發生藍色的亞甲藍變成無色的亞甲藍的氧化還原反應。 本次探究的起因主要是因為在自製藍瓶實驗所需的葡萄糖過程中意外發現黃豆水中的植酸有可能與亞甲藍產生氧化還原反應。本次探究主要分成三個部分,第一部份檢測在不同條件下黃豆水中葡萄糖的濃度,並確認黃豆水中讓亞甲藍變色的主要物質為植酸,第二部分進一步利用分光光度計測量反應中亞甲藍的透光度,以其數值判斷反應時間, 再以分光光度計測量固定時間內藍色亞甲藍的變化量(反應速率),藉此探討不同種類的糖類、不同濃度的糖類、植酸、果糖、氫氧化鈉影響其反應速率的程度。 第三部分以本次研究結果為基礎延伸其應用價值。

看見格子點 Visibility of Lattice Points

超聲波應用之研究

在實驗用共振法測量聲音在固體、液體、氣體中的駐波聲場,測量各介質中的聲速。研究超聲波在液體中的空腔效應,鋁箔在不同液體受空腔效應所破損面積與時間略成正比,並發現在水與各濃度的洗潔精水溶液中以水的破損效果最明顯。另外利用1.65MHz 高頻超聲波打入水中,因駐波使水有疏密不同產生狹縫,以雷射通過狹縫有光的繞射花紋產生,由干涉條紋可推估駐波波長。利用閃頻共振法研究光彈材料超聲波場,且發展出以肉眼觀測的裝置,由光彈材料的花紋級數與應力研究中,發現花紋級數與應力成正相關,由聲場中的花紋顏色判斷所受應力大小,並發現超聲波不僅有聲場產生並伴隨熱效應,會影響觀測花紋級數。This project began by studying the fundamental properties of acoustic waves, the relationship between its velocity, frequency and wavelength. Experiments regarding the distribution of sound waves in different mediums, and the induction of resonance in solid, liquid and gaseous materials were conducted. Results from utilizing suspending method to confirm theoretical prediction of sound velocity was accurate, and the sound wave patterns in photo-elastic materials were observed. It was also observed that an aluminum foil would be cut in an ultrasonic cleaning device. The effects of different liquids such as water and detergents on cleaning effectiveness were then experimentally determined, taking into account factors such as viscosity. From reference materials, we learned that ultrasonic waves would create Caritation in liquids. Traditionally, sound waves are expected to exhibit only longitudinal waves, yet in this study it was discovered that the residual\r stresses from resonance in photo-elastic materials also indicate the existence of transverse waves.

吃得多,較會生?不同食物量飼養對蓋斑鬥魚生殖行為之影響

自2004年4月29日至2004年8月30日止,研究不同食物量對於蓋斑鬥魚生殖表現之影響。自臺北縣水產種苗繁殖場取得40尾(北縣種苗場字第0930000192號),分成低、中、次高、與最高四個飼養食物量組(3, 6, 9 ,12 顆飼料/每隻魚),每一種食物量組進行四次重複實驗,每一個實驗箱飼養雌、雄魚一對,控制相同的光週期、溫度、密度等變因。結果顯示食物量為中食量組(6粒/隻)泡巢維持時間最長,與其他三組統計上有顯著差異,而其他生殖表現如雄魚的吐泡巢次數、泡巢間隔時間,以及雌魚產卵次數、產卵間隔時間,和魚卵孵化時間等四組之間皆無明顯差異。因此推測不同飼養食物量的處理對於蓋斑鬥魚生殖行為之影響不顯著。From April 29, 2004 to August 30, 2004, we studied the effects on breeding behavior of Macropodus opercularis in different quantities of food. We got forty fish from the nursery in Taipei County. We breed one male and one female in the tank, and the quantities food was set to low, middle, high, and highest groups (3, 6, 9, 12 granule forage per one fish). Every experiment group repeated three times. We also controlled the same light cycle, temperature, and density. We found that the longest maintenance time per one foam nest was breeding in middle group, and there is a statistically significant difference. But the other results had no statistically significant differences between different groups. Therefore, we inferred that the different allowance food feeding control had no significant effect to breeding behaviors of Macropodus opercularis.

白裡透紅的秘密----溫泉中搖蚊的生態研究

在陽明山前山公園的溫泉溪中,我們發現俗稱紅蟲的搖蚊幼蟲,旁邊清澈小溪裡卻沒有。紅蟲在溫泉底泥中搖擺築巢,傍晚與清晨搖蚊在石頭與枝葉上行走或水面上婚飛交配。成蟲靜止時前肢不搖,婚飛不形成蚊柱。溪中成蟲與幼蟲數量會受雨量影響,約一個禮拜恢復。採集回家養殖後,我們觀察到卵、幼蟲、蛹、成蟲完整的生活史,也看到紅蟲的心臟以及分類依據的口器(頦)。透過實驗控制養殖水酸鹼度、底泥和溫度等變因,得知:紅蟲對酸鹼值的耐受性很高;水溫低時羽化速度比高溫時慢;粒徑小的底泥較適合紅蟲築巢棲息。因此我們發現,溫泉搖蚊身體構造和蚊子不同、習性與一般搖蚊不同,溫度、水質和底泥都會影響紅蟲生長,尤其是底泥對於搖蚊的影響最大。

還我無水污染的顯微電解世界

Chemistry experiments in school produce an abundance of waste in both materials and equipment. Since hands-on experimentation is a critical pedagogical tool the trend in classroom experimentation is clearly towards environmentally friendly experiments that scale, but was also able to measure reaction rate in blue cupric sulfate solution using the color dissipation as a rate gauge. There was an evolution of apparatus and experiment design beginning with simple magnifying glass optics and advancing to a custom made, light-gathering microscope video apparatus that allows the experiment to be monitored and files recorded for later viewing. I was inspired by the Yin Yang Sea phenomenon in Taipei County. The Yin Yang Sea is a coastal area in Chinkuashih, Taipei County where coastal currents in the area lack the strength to disperse the heavy metal pollutants that empty into the Lientung Bay. The result is a contrast between the blue sea water and the turgid yellow ground water. This contrast led me to add an all-purpose indicator to the reactant solution. This deepens the visual effect of the electrolysis experiment. 我們從環境保護的角度去思考學校的化學實驗時,減量減廢的微型化學實驗已是未來實驗的趨勢。經過多年的努力,我除了成功的做到電解最微量的一滴溶液外,對於從藍色硫酸銅溶液顏色消失的電解時間裡,還可做定量的檢定感到不可思議!為了更清楚看到液滴溶液的電解反應,儀器的設計由放大鏡到自組顯微投影機,最後進階到顯微視訊的畫面,它不但可記錄下來,而且可在電腦中播放。為了更清楚看到液滴溶液的氧化還原反應和酸鹼變化,我想到了在北台灣的金瓜石海域一處特別的景觀,那就是離岸近海處有黃藍兩個不同顏色的陰陽海!於是我加了廣用指示劑到液滴中,由電解後出現的的陰陽海畫面,更可加深實驗的效果。 最重要的是:最環保也最接近零污染的顯微化學實驗,已然是未來可發展下去的目標。

會呼吸的複合式環保蛋殼植栽容器

為了環境保護,政府推行減少使用塑膠用品,我們看到裝著植物的塑膠軟盆,在植物移植至花圃後就被丟棄,因此,我們選擇蛋殼和天然物質聚乳酸,製造出可自行在土壤中分解的植栽容器。 在蛋殼植栽容器中加入菜肥,肥料會緩慢釋放到土壤中並減少流失,還能優化土壤,緩衝土壤的酸鹼性,具有複合性效果,有助於植物生長。透過模擬運送震動,找出了適合蛋殼植栽容器的包裝和運送方式,利於產銷運送。蛋殼植栽容器會在土壤中自行崩裂,尚未完全分解的碎屑,繼續施放養分,有助於植物生長,同時,植物也無須取出再移植,可以取代塑膠軟盆,是一種創新的作法。

猜牌術

This research mainly talks about how someone, by observing the non-congruent patterns on the backs of the playing cards and by working with the dealer on a pre-arranged lay out, can call out the cards as if he possessed the magic power to see through them. During the card-predicting game, one can use the patterns on the backs of the cards as visual clues (Observing whether it was places upside down or not)to help figure out the probability of where the card is going to show up. Suck a mathematical formula is known as the Pigeonhole Principle. Upon an analysis of the formula, we find that when given that the value of n is greater than 24, we can successfully call out a number of cards that is greater than 2n/3 . The possibility of such mathematical studies in other directions is endless. 中文摘要: 本研究主要探討利用橋牌非對稱的牌背,猜牌者經由和傳遞牌的人的一種事先約定的方 式(排法),彷彿(魔術)透視般的將一疊牌的花色逐步猜出。其猜牌過程是利用牌背 圖案的朝前朝後的指示,配合適當的猜牌張的分配,而運用到的數學法則包含鴿籠原 理,分析與討論歸納。最後我們得到一疊由四種花色張數相等所混合的n 張牌,可猜出 的張數恆大於 2n/3 (n>24 時)。後續可研究的方向仍然甚廣。

Charging the Miniature Electronic Components of Medical Equipment in Vivo

世界上有許多病患,需要在體內植入電子醫療裝置,才能維持生命。然而,電池充電的問題卻一直無法克服,於是必須透過開刀重新更換電池,如此不僅增加病患的痛苦,也增加了醫療成本與環保問題。然而,過去研究以提高電池蓄電量為主,只有極少數研究著重在探討隔空充電技術,例如:動物體內電池充電。本研究主要是應用電磁感應原理,設計一套可以針對實驗兔體內體溫發射器的電池進行充電的方法,及探討充電過程所產生的電磁輻射及其影響。我們的初步研究成果顯示: (一)將24V與18V兩種電壓分別輸入電磁棒,在實驗兔動物身體表面進行充電,發現可產生的最高充電電壓值分別為4.75 V與3.64V。(二)充電30分鐘後可讓體溫發射器每二秒發射一次訊號,為期長達8天。(三) 將24V與18V兩種電壓分別輸入電磁棒,在距離電磁棒5-60cm的範圍,最大的電磁輻射值為179.6mG及0.1 mG。本研究證實我們設計的電磁棒可以對兔子體內電池進行隔空充電,並且不會對實驗兔子造成電磁輻射傷害。我們建議未來可以應用此方法解決動物體內醫療電子元件的充電問題。

結合幾丁聚醣及聚麩胺酸對重金屬離子吸附之研究-研發吸附暨檢測之循環系統

本研究選擇以天然易分解的吸附劑-幾丁聚醣和聚麩胺酸(γ-PGA),建立有效去除水中重金屬離子的方法。首先探討幾丁聚醣膜在各種條件下對鉻離子、銅離子的吸附。對鉻離子的吸附模式較符合等溫吸附式Freundlich,於30℃、pH=3時具有吸附優勢。而後將幾丁聚醣黏附於多孔性泡綿,利用抽濾法提高吸附效率,使鉻、銅離子殘留率分別降至2.08%、11.23%。幾丁聚醣與γ-PGA結合製成的複合材料泡綿,大幅提升對銅離子的吸附效果,其吸附模式較符合等溫吸附式Freundlich,於30℃下、pH=7,γ-PGA與幾丁聚醣之比例為6:5時,對銅離子吸附最佳。利用分光光度儀的設計原理,以光敏電阻建立可即時檢測有色重金屬離子的分析元件。將此檢測裝置結合吸附劑,研發一套可即時檢測、環保簡易的重金屬離子吸附暨檢測之循環系統。對於2.0ppm、10.0ppm之鉻、銅離子循環2、3小時後,殘留率分別降至0.046%、0.074%,充分顯示此系統可有效去除水中重金屬離子。