新穎光子晶體材料的研究與開發
本研究目的1.探討催化劑對光子晶體SiO? 合成的影響,依據催化劑對光子晶體製作的數據,統整歸納出不同濃度的氨水催化劑對於SiO? 的吸收光譜與粒徑大小等性質的影響。2.尋找簡易的方式進行光通道的製作。 採用溶膠凝膠法將tetraethylorthosilicate(TEOS) 以氨水做催化劑在乙醇溶液中的水解及縮合反應製作單分散SiO?粉體。 嘗試將細線附著在玻片上進行排列,排列完成後將細線拉起企圖製造一條溝道。 實驗結果,催化劑會影響合成SiO? 的顆粒大小,隨著催化劑濃度增加,顆粒大小也隨之增加。使用細線可成功製造出凹陷的孔道,但目前採用之線仍嫌太粗,欲尋找奈米線材加以取代以製造出更適用之光通道。 ;The purpose of this research is 1.to find out the influence of the catalyst on compounding silica photonic crystals . According to datum , I can generalize the connection between the consistency of catalyst and the particle size of photonic crystal. 2.to find easier method of making the passage of light. I used tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) as a reactant and ammonia as the catalyst to react hydrolysis ,water condensation and alcohol condensation in ethanol. I tried to put fine lines on sheet glasses. After the arrangement of the silica particles, I took apart the lines attempting to make sunken ditches. The outcome of this ecperiment show that partical size increases with the consistency of catalyst. We can use fine lines to make the sunken ditches, but the line is not fine enough that I should find much finer lines to make it.
「天上掉下來的禮物嗎?」—討論十年來大陸沙塵暴對台灣之影響與變化趨?
In recent years, sandstorms have seriously attacked Taiwan day by day. Combining with the observations of Central Weather Bureau and the satellite images of NASA, the study has been collected the data of suspension grain in decades. And the study hopes the sandstorms’ information could be observed in early period. Still it hopes to find out the possible transmission paths in the atmosphere. Then we know how to cope with sandstorms in early time. Sandstorms attack Taiwan frequently in spring, the end of the autumn and the beginning of the winter. Compared with the charts of sandstorms and the satellite images, we could broadly aware that the moving paths of sandstorms are related to the currents and the characteristics of the atmosphere. When El Nino happens, the times of sandstorms attacking Taiwan decrease, and that increase when La Lina happens. According to the results of spectrum analysis, there might be high peaks of a year and six months short period varieties. And low peaks of 2.2 years and 7 months period, tell us that the short period aerosol varieties should be relative with season changes, the long period aerosol varieties may be relative with the El Nino and La Lina period. 近年來,大陸沙塵暴侵襲台灣的情況日趨嚴重影響。本研究中收集了近十年來懸浮顆粒資料,配合環保署空氣品質監測站、中央氣象局所觀測的資料與美國太空總署的衛星影像資料及NASA航空資源實驗室的氣流軌跡回推圖,希望能夠在早期觀測時發現大陸地區沙塵暴訊息,和沙塵暴所帶至大氣中的懸浮顆粒可能傳輸路徑。發生沙塵暴侵臺事件的季節,主要在春季及秋冬兩季交替期間發生的次數為最多。由地面天氣圖表、氣流軌跡回推圖及美國太空總署的衛星影像進行綜合比對之後,可大致瞭解大陸沙塵可能的移動路徑與大氣環流特徵有關。 聖嬰現象(El Nino)發生時,侵襲臺灣的沙塵暴次數會減少。在「反聖嬰現象」(La Lina)發生時,侵襲臺灣的次數相對增加。經由頻譜分析中得知,懸浮顆粒高峰期的變化有1年期及6個月變化趨勢,懸浮顆粒低峰期的週期變化有2.2年與7個月的變化趨勢,顯示短週期大氣懸浮顆粒變化應與季節變化有關,長期性變化或許與聖嬰反聖嬰週期有關連。
以自製式裝置探討兩成分系活性係數與蒸氣壓及拉午耳定律的偏差
在本次的實驗中,我們藉由拉午耳定律的公式及一條由作者從實驗中推論而得的公式,可以簡單的求出不同溶液的分壓。我們只需要一個自製式的簡易裝置,在裝置底下放置被測量的溶液,並密封使其成為封閉系統,其頂端為一銅箔,在銅箔上使用適合的溶液,藉由上方溶液蒸發量與下方不要放置溶液蒸發量的差異之值比較,即可求出其下方兩種成份系的溶液中各種溶液在不同莫耳分率下的分壓以及能量的傳遞,雖然會有誤差的存在,但比照一般利用光譜法來測量的方式,成本卻降低很多,且經由公式,也可估計各點的活性係數,比之以往簡易很多,因此可當作針對的高中生示範教學及教具,使同學更能了解兩成分係非理想溶液在拉午耳定律中之差別。This study shows that is easy to figure out the partial pressure of the different solutions by applying the formula of the Raoult's laws and a formula computed by the authors from their experiment data. All that is needed is a simple hand-made device. In the experiment, the device was sealed into a closed system after the solution to be measure was placed at the bottom of the device. A proper liquid was put in the top piece of the device, which was made of copper foil. By computing the difference between the amounts of evaporation of the top liquid with and without the bottom solution, we figured out that the two-component solution is the partial pressure and energy transmission of the solutions at varied mole fractions. Though errors do exist, cost was much lower by this method than by the spectrum method. Besides, the formula makes it easier to estimate the activity coefficients at different points. Therefore, the study can be applied in physics teaching in senior high school to facilitate students' understanding of the differences between two-component solutions in the Raoult's laws.