以簡易方法探討奈米銀的化學活性優於非奈米級銀粒子
A novel and simple method was developed to determine the activity of silver in nanometer particles more than in non-nanometer particles. The conductivity of conducting polymer, polyaniline (PANI) doped with different amount of nanometer silver particles was used to evaluated the activity of nanometer silver. In polymerization of polyaniline, hydrogen chloride solution usually used to increase the conductivity of polyaniline. When 1%(w/w) nanometer silver particles doped during the polymerization, the conductivity of polyaniline was down from 2.28 s/cm to 0.65 s/cm, then increased with increasing the amount of nanometer silver doped. The conductivity of polyaniline was changed from 2.28 s/cm to 0.47 s/cm when 3%(w/w) nanometer silver particles doped, but it is increased from 2.28 s/cm to 2.44 s/cm when was doped with 3%(w/w) micrometer silver particles. The conductivity of polyaniline changed due to the formation of silver chloride (AgCl) in doping nanometer silver. Some of the nanometer silver particles were formed to silver ion in hydrogen chloride solution for the high activity property of nanometer silver. This also can be proved from the spectra of XRD and FE-SEM. Therefore; determination the conductivity of conducting polymer by doping nanometer metal particles can be used to determine the activity of the nanometer particles. 本研究為開發一個新穎的檢測奈米金屬粒子化學活性大於非奈米金屬粒子的簡易方法。方法為利用導電高分子聚苯胺,於合成過程中添加不同濃度的奈米銀粒 子,並分別偵測其成品的導電度,藉以評估奈米銀粒子的化學活性。由於聚苯胺在合成過程中通常加入鹽酸以提高其導電度,致活性較大的奈米銀粒子於氧化後,隨即與氯離子形成氯化銀的沉澱,而降低聚苯胺的導電度,如添加1﹪(w/w)奈米銀粒子的,其導電度由2.28 s/cm 降至0.65 s/cm,隨後隨著添加量的增加導電度先降後再稍回升。一般非奈米級銀粒子因氧化電位為負值,即化學活性小,而不易被氧化。由實驗結果,我們發現同樣添加3%(w/w)的奈米級銀粒子或微米級銀粒子,添加奈米級銀粒子的導電度由2.28 下降為0.47,添加微米級銀粒子的導電度卻由2.28 上升為2.44,此乃說明本方法確實足以證明奈米級金屬的化學活性的確遠大於微米級金屬,因相同條件下,微米級銀粒子未如同奈米級銀粒子一樣被氧化成銀離子。即奈米級銀粒子可以輕易的被氧化,而非奈米級銀粒子則不易被氧化。尤其也可由X 光繞射儀分析光譜圖和場發射式掃描電子顯微鏡拍攝圖證明。因此,我們可以採用添加3 %(w/w)奈米級金屬銀粒子及微米級金屬銀粒子於導電高分子的方法,並藉導電度的變化,證明奈米金屬粒子的高活潑性。