要檢測膠體粒子是否存在於溶質中，並不能以一般的光學顯微鏡觀察得出，若是用廷得耳效應觀察光線散出的量決定，則將運用到大量昂貴的精密儀器，與繁複深奧的化學理論，本實驗主旨即在運用自製的簡單儀器測量待測膠體流經強磁場因磁電效應產生電壓，藉著改變沈降劑種類或劑量使電壓產生波動的現象，藉此評估各種沉澱劑對膠體溶液沉降效果好壞與最適當的劑量，並將此結果應用在實際污水處理作業的先期測試上。Wanting to know colloid particles exist in solute by a normal optical microscope is impossible. If we use Tyndall effect, to observe the quantity of dispersive beams, to prove whether colloid particles exist in solute, then we will use amount of expensive and precise apparatuses and even complex and abstruse chemical theory. The gist of this experiment is using simple apparatuses that made by us to measure the volt generated by colloid flowing through the strong magnetic field(magnetic-electric effect).Then we try to change the sort or dose of precipitant to let the volt undulate, so that we can compare the impression on precipitating of each of the precipitant and the most applicable dose. Finally the result can be applied to forward trial of practical sewage disposal system.

A novel and simple method was developed to determine the activity of silver in nanometer particles more than in non-nanometer particles. The conductivity of conducting polymer, polyaniline (PANI) doped with different amount of nanometer silver particles was used to evaluated the activity of nanometer silver. In polymerization of polyaniline, hydrogen chloride solution usually used to increase the conductivity of polyaniline. When 1%(w/w) nanometer silver particles doped during the polymerization, the conductivity of polyaniline was down from 2.28 s/cm to 0.65 s/cm, then increased with increasing the amount of nanometer silver doped. The conductivity of polyaniline was changed from 2.28 s/cm to 0.47 s/cm when 3%(w/w) nanometer silver particles doped, but it is increased from 2.28 s/cm to 2.44 s/cm when was doped with 3%(w/w) micrometer silver particles. The conductivity of polyaniline changed due to the formation of silver chloride (AgCl) in doping nanometer silver. Some of the nanometer silver particles were formed to silver ion in hydrogen chloride solution for the high activity property of nanometer silver. This also can be proved from the spectra of XRD and FE-SEM. Therefore; determination the conductivity of conducting polymer by doping nanometer metal particles can be used to determine the activity of the nanometer particles. 本研究為開發一個新穎的檢測奈米金屬粒子化學活性大於非奈米金屬粒子的簡易方法。方法為利用導電高分子聚苯胺，於合成過程中添加不同濃度的奈米銀粒子，並分別偵測其成品的導電度，藉以評估奈米銀粒子的化學活性。由於聚苯胺在合成過程中通常加入鹽酸以提高其導電度，致活性較大的奈米銀粒子於氧化後，隨即與氯離子形成氯化銀的沉澱，而降低聚苯胺的導電度，如添加1﹪(w/w)奈米銀粒子的，其導電度由2.28 s/cm 降至0.65 s/cm，隨後隨著添加量的增加導電度先降後再稍回升。一般非奈米級銀粒子因氧化電位為負值，即化學活性小，而不易被氧化。由實驗結果，我們發現同樣添加3%(w/w)的奈米級銀粒子或微米級銀粒子，添加奈米級銀粒子的導電度由2.28 下降為0.47，添加微米級銀粒子的導電度卻由2.28 上升為2.44，此乃說明本方法確實足以證明奈米級金屬的化學活性的確遠大於微米級金屬，因相同條件下，微米級銀粒子未如同奈米級銀粒子一樣被氧化成銀離子。即奈米級銀粒子可以輕易的被氧化，而非奈米級銀粒子則不易被氧化。尤其也可由X 光繞射儀分析光譜圖和場發射式掃描電子顯微鏡拍攝圖證明。因此，我們可以採用添加3 %(w/w)奈米級金屬銀粒子及微米級金屬銀粒子於導電高分子的方法，並藉導電度的變化，證明奈米金屬粒子的高活潑性。

本研究目的1.探討催化劑對光子晶體SiO? 合成的影響，依據催化劑對光子晶體製作的數據，統整歸納出不同濃度的氨水催化劑對於SiO? 的吸收光譜與粒徑大小等性質的影響。2.尋找簡易的方式進行光通道的製作。 採用溶膠凝膠法將tetraethylorthosilicate(TEOS) 以氨水做催化劑在乙醇溶液中的水解及縮合反應製作單分散SiO?粉體。 嘗試將細線附著在玻片上進行排列，排列完成後將細線拉起企圖製造一條溝道。 實驗結果,催化劑會影響合成SiO? 的顆粒大小，隨著催化劑濃度增加，顆粒大小也隨之增加。使用細線可成功製造出凹陷的孔道，但目前採用之線仍嫌太粗，欲尋找奈米線材加以取代以製造出更適用之光通道。 ;The purpose of this research is 1.to find out the influence of the catalyst on compounding silica photonic crystals . According to datum , I can generalize the connection between the consistency of catalyst and the particle size of photonic crystal. 2.to find easier method of making the passage of light. I used tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) as a reactant and ammonia as the catalyst to react hydrolysis ,water condensation and alcohol condensation in ethanol. I tried to put fine lines on sheet glasses. After the arrangement of the silica particles, I took apart the lines attempting to make sunken ditches. The outcome of this ecperiment show that partical size increases with the consistency of catalyst. We can use fine lines to make the sunken ditches, but the line is not fine enough that I should find much finer lines to make it.

本文我從文獻已有的布洛卡三角形及其三種變換出發作各種推廣。首先將布洛卡點在三角形內的情形推廣至多邊形，發現並非任意多邊形皆存在布洛卡點。我發現了存在布洛卡點的充要條件，及布洛卡角、邊、面積的關係式。然後探討四邊形的情形，發現存在正、負布洛卡點的四邊形皆為調和四邊形。接著將文獻中三種布洛卡三角形的變換整併為更具數學風味的旋轉與伸縮變換。再以此方法為基礎，發現一系列布洛卡點、外心間的幾何性質，同時進一步推廣至多邊形，其中美妙的結果是：從任意布洛卡ｎ邊形出發的ｎ條全等的等角螺線皆會收斂至布洛卡點；最後，本文最驚艷的發現是：所有存在正、負布洛卡點的ｎ邊形，其頂點皆為正ｎ邊形的頂點經過反演後的反形。

本研究設計了兩個風洞實驗裝置，分為水平風洞與垂直風洞，兩者皆進行飄浮模擬試驗進而推算微小物質的運動量，並以小保麗龍球作為標準圓球，確保儀器的可用性，最後再透過醫檢儀器進行驗證。水平風洞利用機率的觀念統計孢子的分布，透過孢粉落下的高度差，帶入公式求得質量。垂直風洞則使用高倍率攝影鏡頭觀察孢子飛行，利用三力平衡的觀念推算其微小質量。最後，無論是自製風洞測出的質量、精確度、成本、測量速度和加速度的能力以及花費時間的長久，本實驗的儀器皆有優勢。 

藉由結合液晶與奈米線，本研究設計出新型的光電元件，我們發現這些新設計具有先前元件很難達到的新穎特性。首先，我們研究液晶分子與一維磁性奈米線之結合，很有趣的是磁性奈米線在液晶元件內，會沿著液晶方向作整齊排列，更重要的是經由一外加電場，即可調控磁性奈米線之磁場方向。藉由電場調控磁場，是很久以來許多科學家追求的目標，然而成效不彰，本研究提供了一個簡便的方法，克服了長久以來的障礙。第二個例子，我們研究液晶分子與一維半導體奈米線結合之元件，我們證實了半導體奈米線所發射瑩光之電場偏極方向，可以經由外加電場來調控，這個特性對於資訊科技的應用，將很有用處。本研究所觀測到之結果，皆可利用下列事實來理解，奈米線具有很大的表面積，因而增加了與液晶分子之交互作用，經由此增大的交互作用力，奈米線會沿著液晶分子方向排列。值得強調的是，本研究利用了已成熟的液晶顯示器技術，其未來應用性將有很大潛力。New devices based on the composites of liquid crystals and one dimensional nanowires have been designed, fabricated, and characterized. It is discovered that these novel devices own interesting properties that are very difficult to be obtained by conventional ones. As the first example, the liquid crystal device with built-in one dimensional magnetic nanowires has been studied. It is found that the magnetic nanowires can be well aligned along the orientation of liquid crystal molecules. Quite interestingly, the direction of the magnetization of magnetic nanowires can be easily manipulated by an external electric field at room temperature. The phenomenon of electric manipulation of magnetization has been studied since nineteen century, but the achievement is rather limited. Here, we provide a convenient alternative to overcome the long quest search. For the second example, the liquid crystal device with built-in semiconductor nanowires has been investigated. We demonstrate that the polarization of the emission arising from semiconductor nanowires can be easily controlled by an external electric field, which is one of the basic requirements for information technology. All of our observed results can be well understood in terms of the inherent nature of a large surface to volume ratio of one dimensional nanowires, which induces a strong interaction between embedded nanowires and liquid crystal molecules. Therefore, the nanowires can be driven along the orientation of liquid crystal molecules. It is stressed here that our newly designed devices are based on the well established liquid crystal display technology and therefore their practical application can be realized in the near future.

磁鐵與非磁性金屬轉盤因冷次定律產生阻尼效應而產生煞車效果，常常在物理實驗提到。但如何設計一個渦電流煞車器，又好像不是一件簡單的事。因為牽涉到許多變因，如轉盤材質、厚度、磁鐵與轉盤中心距、磁鐵數量、磁鐵與金屬轉盤距離、磁鐵移動速率等。本研究以”實驗驗證法”的方式，企圖為這些變因找到可依循的準則，進而充分掌握設計要點。為了有效率地分析這些變因，我們自行製作了一套「渦電流煞車分析系統」，可減少許多實驗時間並可記錄即時數據。另外，我們也量測渦電流在煞車系統的熱能分怖情形。在分析這些變因後，提出一份實用的設計指南。在最後，藉由控制磁盤的移動速度及與轉盤的距離，來分析渦電流煞車的各種即時「煞車曲線」。

費氏數列中每一項除以任意正整數後所得的餘數數列具有許多有趣的性質，例如：所有餘數數列均有週期性及每個週期循環列皆是由0均勻分割，即數列在固定間隔某幾項後可被正整數整除，由此性質就可進一步計算週期長度。 本作品中我們嘗試將費氏數列中的餘數數列性質推廣到一般高階正整係數齊次線性遞迴數列(內文簡稱高階線性遞迴數列)的情形。我們發現除了所有餘數數列均為(前)週期數列外，每個週期循環列中的均勻分割的情形變化出二種：由數個0均勻分割(含某項後均為0)、數個不全為0均勻分割(含某項後皆為不為0的常數)，進一步則探討上述二種中的區分週期循環列之條件。最後由餘數數列性質探討出其數列的因倍數定理。

This research is aimed to make an in-depth exploration into Raoul’s Law and Henry’s Law by using an accurate but simple vapor pressure gauge. The gauge is constructed from non-complicated electronics components- electronics IC PCB, film resistor, digital multi-meter, and battery. In the first step, we measured the vapor pressure of six kinds of liquids and 3 liquid mixtures- water, ethanol, chloroform, acetone, benzene, toluene, mixture of water and ethanol, mixture of chloroform and acetone, mixture benzene and toluene. From the results of this experiments, the vapor pressures of water and ethanol liquid mixture, and chloroform and acetone liquid mixture were slightly lower than their theoretic values-called negative deviation solution, while the vapor pressure of the benzene and toluene liquid mixture was quite close to its theoretic value-near an ideal solution. In the second step, the individual vapor pressures of water, ethanol, and chloroform were measured at various temperatures; the vapor heat(ΔH) were calculated by using the lausius-Clapeyron equation. In the final step, we used the gauge and other non-commercial instruments to measure the B.O.D. values of water from the Kaohsiung Love River, found the P-T correlation using Gay-Lussac’s Law, and calculated the absolute zero temperature value by extrapolation. 本研究是利用一些簡易的電子元件－電路IC板、電阻膜、數位三用電表和電瓶來組裝一 個準確、簡易的氣壓量測器。我們將此量測器用來深入探討「拉午耳定律」及「亨利定律」 。 首先，我們測量了水、乙醇、氯仿、丙酮、苯、甲苯等六種純液體的蒸氣壓，並測量了(水＋乙醇)、(氯仿＋丙酮)、(苯＋甲苯)等兩成份系溶液的混合蒸氣壓。結果發現(水＋乙醇) 、(氯仿＋丙酮)的混合蒸氣壓都比理論值低了一些，此稱為負偏差溶液；(苯＋甲苯)的混合蒸氣壓與理論值差不多，較接近理想溶液。 接下來，我們還測量了不同溫度下水、酒精及丙酮的蒸氣壓，並利用clausius－clapeyron equation求出液體純質的汽化熱( H Δ )。 最後，我們還搭配了自製的儀器裝置，來測定愛河水質的B.O.D.值(生化需氧量)以及探討氣體的給呂薩克定律(P~T關係)，並利用外差法來推求絕對零度。