臺灣

如果n-1 個正四面體在n 個面的多面體棋盤中翻轉(如：正八面體、正二十面體、五邊雙菱錐及三角錐台棋盤)，則正四面體相互之間會受到很多限制。本研究為探討n-1 個正四面體在n 個面的多面體棋盤中，利用其翻轉的特性，翻轉至相鄰空格，進而完成：1. 每個正四面體的底面及側面均能「同色共面」。2. 在滿足以上的兩個條件下做「數字排序」。3. 探討每個遊戲在各階段是否有解的情形。最後，將遊戲推廣至正八面體在多面體棋盤中的翻轉。If n-1 pyramids can turn in the chessboard of n planes pyramids (ex: 8 planes pyramid, 20 planes pyramid, 5 sides bi rhombus pyramid and triangular pyramid chessboard) there are lost of restrictions between these pyramids. This research is discussing about the n-1 pyramids in the chessboard of n planes multi pyramid, which have the peculiarity of turn that can turn to nearby space. We found that: 1. Each pyramid’s button plane and aide plane can be “same plane same color”. 2. Matching about 2 conditions then can do “order by numbers”. 3. Search for answers of each levels in each game. Finally, the game will be propagated to eight planes pyramid can turn on the chessboard of multi pyramid.

本研究以網路上Soft X-ray、UV195Å、K-Line、Ｈα波段太陽影像上黑子，光斑經度位置的逐時變量，試求太陽自光球層以上各層是否有越高層轉速越慢的現象？經試用數種方法求大量黑子、光斑位置，最後以省時，且誤差減小的＂由PhotoShop軟體讀出黑子、光斑在圖檔中位置，於EXCEL軟體中套用日面座標公式＂，以Peter Meadows的黑子定位程式抽樣對驗，來求其經緯度值。結果：在任何緯度，光球層以上各層轉速不同（徑向較差自轉現象），但並非越高層越慢，而是在大部分緯度處其各層速度變化呈 的快慢交替現象。

Based on environmental protection and new energy development, the energy containing low pollution and having high efficiency becomes more popular. The fuel cell is an emerging technology, which is the reason why it is considered as Green energy. However, high-price membrane electrode assembly (MEA) inhabits the development of fuel cell. Among these components in MEA, platinum-based electrode leads the most cost. We select the multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) as catalyst support to improve electrode material performance and reduce Pt utilization. But the particle size and dispersion of platinum as well as character of catalyst support may significantly affect the efficiency of electrode.燃料電池因為具備低排放污染、低噪音及高轉換效率等環保特性，故被稱為綠色能源，可取代內燃機作為發電之能源系統。然而燃料電池中觸媒粒徑大小、分散情形以及使用不同的觸媒載體，均有可能會影響其電觸媒的催化效能，所以我們以「觸媒粒徑大小」、「觸媒分散情形」為主軸，著手以下的研究。本實驗在不同的酸鹼值下製備燃料電池的電極材料，並以電子顯微鏡等器材，觀察已披覆在電極上白金觸媒的特性，探討不同酸鹼環境對白金觸媒粒徑大小的影響，並探究白金觸媒粒徑大小與其發電效率的關係。

車輛遭竊以及酒醉駕車對社會安全造成的危害普遍存在於世界各先進國家。以目前看來，此問題並非嚴刑峻罰就能解決的。若本研究計畫將來普及應用於大眾，必定可以同時減少車輛遭竊之機會和預先防範酒醉者開車駕駛。 生物特徵泛指指紋、虹膜、臉型、聲紋甚至DNA 等等，它的特性即每個人均具有此獨一無二的性徵，加以應用就如同無法被仿造或偷竊的身分證明。若車主能利用自己的生物特徵為車輛上鎖，即可防止車輛遭竊。 視覺密碼學是屬於資訊隱藏技術的一種，藉由兩張以上的影像疊合後呈現其中隱藏之機密資料。雖然視覺密碼學原先純粹是為了加密資料，但我們將之加以修改，設計出複雜且無意義的偽裝影像，使其不易被酒醉後神智不清的人疊合成功而讀出其中的加密資料。 結合生物特徵及視覺密碼學，即可設計出一套可安裝於車上的系統，不僅防止車輛失竊又能防止酒醉駕車事故的發生。 ;The damage which is caused to social security by car stealing and drunk driving universally exist in others developed countries. As things are, these problems can not be solved by severe law. If our project can be applied in the masses extensively, it must be able to prevent both car stealing and drunk driving. Roughly speaking, biological characteristics mean fingerprint, iris, face, pronunciation and DNA. Their uniqueness is a special feature that everyone has. If we can apply it more, the characteristics are identification that can not be imitated or stolen. If the car owner can use his or her biological characteristics to lock the car, the car stealing could be prevented. Visual cryptography belongs to a kind of information hiding. By stacking two or more images, user can recognize the secret information hiding in the stacking. Although visual cryptography is merely created for encryption at first, we modify it and design a complex as well as meaningless stego-image. That makes the unconscious driver who is drunk fail to both stack the images and recognize the secret information hiding inside. We combine biological characteristics with visual cryptography and design a suit of system that is able to install in the car. This system can prevent not only car stealing but also drunk driving.

聚丙烯酸(PAA)是尿布中吸水成份，我們利用其結構上的羧基螯合Ag＋，並成功以甲醛將Ag＋還原成奈米銀。但我們意外發現螯合Ag＋的PAA白色粉末在沒有其他還原劑存在下也會漸漸變成黃色，與「利用甲醛還原製得的奈米銀」顏色十分相似。本實驗即揭開此粉末變色真相，希望能在不使用額外還原劑下，直接以PAA將螯合的Ag＋製成奈米銀，不僅具環保與實用價值，更能使奈米銀製程朝向綠色化學。我們透過水溶性聚丙烯酸鈉(SPA)在均相中進行變色機制探討及影響變因的研究，找出有利的反應條件，再應用於PAA。研究證實PAA能將螯合的Ag＋同步還原成奈米銀，反應機制與檸檬酸鈉作用模式相似，而提升濃度、溫度或照光有利於反應，酸性條件則不利，照各種色光也有所差異。

The purpose of this paper is to study the roles of formic acid and formaldehyde playing in the Direct Methanol Fuel Cells(DMFCs).The assumption is now widely accepted that the Oxidation-reduction intermediate of cell like formic acid and formaldehyde will hinder the reaction of DMFCs. At first, we recorded data which measured the efficiency of DMFCs working under the different temperature of fuel, then we recorded data which measured the efficiency of DMFCs working under the different consistency. In the end, we compared the data we recorded before and chose the best reaction environment as standard environment for the future experiment. Then we discover intermediate has positive effect on DMFCs. we separately put formic acid and formaldehyde into fuel, and we discover the efficiency is better than\r before. For example, the volt stability and volt intensity of DMFCs are better. The above conclusion is mainly based on open current volt, equally volt and electric current density which is the standard of evaluation.本實驗主要探討甲酸、甲醛等雜質在直接甲醇燃料電池中扮演的角色，一般認為甲酸等是甲醇在電池中反應的中間產物，大多數人認為這些中間產物會阻礙燃料電池的反應。而我們先針對了甲醇在各種溫度下電池的效能先做出了圖表，並使用不同濃度的甲醇燃料來測量電池的效能並與之前溫度的圖表做比較，選出最合適的直接甲醇燃料電池反應環境作為添加雜質實驗的標準環境。接下來我們在研究過程中發現，其實中間產物可能對電池有正面的效果，我們發現甲酸、甲醛等對直接甲醇燃料電池的電源輸出有正面的影響，例如電壓穩定性與電壓強度的增強。在研究中，我們將甲酸等加入燃料電池的燃料(甲醇)內，模擬甲醇因不當保存而產生的雜質，針對添加物的濃度做些調整，以電池的開路電壓(OCV)、平均輸出電壓、以及單位面積的電流密度作為評比電池效能的標準，並找出甲酸等對燃料電池效能的影響，並進一步找出最適合的電池燃料配置。

在「植物的秘密生命」這本書中提到植物在電場或磁場中會生長的更好，我最近正好學到了電磁場如何產生，以及一些產生電磁場的方法，所以本研究即利用螺形管線圈來產生均勻的電磁場，並用運用安培右手定則來控制磁場產生的方向，來探討電磁場在不同條件下對實驗植物－綠豆生長的影響。本實驗使用銅質線圈纏繞鐵碗的方式，且通入不同大小電流來改變磁場的強度，以探討對實驗植物－綠豆生長的影響。本研究所得到的結果顯示：(1)綠豆在通入電流50mA 時所產生的電磁場可促使綠豆達到最好的生長效果；(2)栽培綠豆環境中所架設的電磁場較高，可使綠豆表現出較為明顯的生長速率；(3)促進綠豆的生長並不需要二十四小時都通入電流；(4)綠豆在N 極朝上的電磁場中生長的速率較S 極朝上的磁場中要快；(5)在較低溫度環境中，電磁場促進綠豆生長的效應較為顯著。;It has been mentioned that the plants will grow faster in the electronic or magnetic field in the book of “the secret life of plants”, I learned about the knowledge and methods of how to produce the electromagnetic field just now, I use the screw wire to produce electromagnetic field and control the direction by the Amplifier’s rule to investigate the growing speed of green beans under electromagnetic field in those different temperature. In this experiment, I use the wire to screwed around the ironed bowl, and make different electric current to generate different strength of electromagnetic field, the results indicate that (1) The faster growing speed will only exist in some strength of electromagnetic field, (2) The higher ironed bowls that full of screwed wire will result in the faster growing speed, (3) It will not need electromagnetic field all days, (4) The green beans will grow fast in those north magnetic pole than those in south magnetic pole, (5)The effect of electromagnetic field to increase growing speed will be significant in higher room temperature.

本研究的目的在於探討螺旋狀剝皮對植物生存以及芭樂果實的影響。實驗的設計是將選擇的植株或其枝幹分成四組，分別施予環狀剝皮、螺旋狀剝皮一圈、螺旋狀剝皮三圈及不剝皮等處理。 研究結果顯示，螺旋狀剝皮不會導致植株死亡，且於處理部位下方會長出新的枝葉。芭樂果實經100 天的生長之後，不剝皮處理之枝幹長出的芭樂重量都在 300g 以下，而螺旋狀剝皮一圈之枝幹長出的芭樂有重達300-400g(5%)及 400-500g(5%)，最重的達 490g；螺旋狀剝皮三圈之枝幹長出的芭樂也有重達 300-400g(占 7.7%)。此外，與不剝皮處理者比較之，螺旋狀剝皮也有助於高甜度芭樂比例的提升。 本研究成果若能成功應用在其他果樹上，有助於提高果農產收的經濟價值。 The purpose of our study is to examine spiral bark-stripping’s effects on trees, and observe what will happen with this treatment, especially in the survival of trees and fruit of Guava. The experimental design is as below. First, we divided tree samples or branches into 4 groups randomly, and then treated each group differently with girdling, spiral bark-stripping a circle, spiral bark-stripping 3 circles, or non-stripping on the trunks or branches. As a result, spiral bark-stripping did not cause death of trees. Instead, new green leaves grew below treated area. After 100 days of growth, the fruit of Guava treated with non-stripping weighed below 300 grams, while some fruit weighing above 300-400 grams(5%) and 400-500 grams(5%) grew on those trees treated with spiral bark-stripping a circle, with the heaviest of 490 grams. Besides, there are some fruit weighing 300-400 grams(7.7%) growing on those trees treated with piral bark-stripping 3 circles. The result shows that spiral bark-stripping, compared to non-stripping, promoted the proportion of high-sugar fruit. This study provides a possible way to increase the economic value of fruit harvest if applied to other kinds of fruit trees.

由現有立體相機與人眼之差異發想，本研究架設模擬可調參數之雙相機系統，拍攝兩眼影像，並在偏光式立體顯示系統平台中，定義立體影像品質，如:合成難易、凸出程度、變形程度，並讓受測者評估，以俾找出立體影像品質影響因素。研究發現:透過視線三角形模型推算拍攝立體影像時，最佳鏡頭間距約為6公分，並得以預測與控制立體影像凸出螢幕之距離。我們得到最佳鏡頭間距與影像顯示距離，也發現可旋式鏡頭對變形的影響，並藉由人因工程的研究方法，利用受測實驗得到的結果與參數，建立了一個具有可旋式鏡頭的立體相機雛型，期許未來可將可旋式鏡頭之設計積體化，進而製成一具有最佳立體影像品質的實體相機。

超疏水表面(superhydrophobic surface)因其自我清潔效果在近年來引起廣泛的研究及探討，目前世界各大公司皆積極投入自潔性產品(超疏水表面)的研發，但是截至目前為止除了塗料及織物有產品外，其他尚在研發階段。降低表面能及增加表面粗糙度為製作超疏水性表面的兩種方法。本實驗我們針對使用不同方法去仿照自然界植物「蓮花效應」，將二氧化矽粒子適當的分佈在基材表面，以增加粗糙度，製造出超疏水性表面。我們發現鍛燒會使其二氧化矽粒子黏聚在一起，對接觸角的增加無幫助。而在溶膠凝膠的配置過程中直接加入OTS(Octadecyltrichlorosilane)，並利用光散射儀比較二氧化矽奈米顆粒的平均粒徑及粒徑分佈隨時間變化的情形，一段時間後發現會有明顯大顆粒沉澱，塗佈在玻璃基材表面後容易脫落，不適合往後實驗或其他用途。而以氨水催化的溶膠凝膠以不同流速滴入TEOS (Tetraethylorthosilicate，四乙氧基矽)對接觸角的影響也不大。最後我們利用砂紙在基材表面上刷磨，可以使二氧化矽粒子分佈均勻，明顯增加接觸角。塗佈速率的改變搭配疏水性矽烷單分子膜的改質，我們已可以製造出159°的超疏水性表面。Superhydrophobic surfaces are generally made by lowering the surface energy and increasing the surface roughness. In this experiment, we use different methods of spreading silicon dioxide nanoparticles properly on the surface in order to increase the surface roughness and also make superhydrophobic surfaces. In the beginning, we find that the calcinations can cause its silicon dioxide nanoparticles to stick together instead of increasing the contact angles. Then, add OTS (Octadecyltrichlorosilane) directly to manufacture process of sol-gel, and observe the situations of the average length and the spread of silicon dioxide nanoparticles with the time goes by. After a period of time, we will discover that many obvious big particles deposit and spin-coating on the glass surfaces flop easily. Hence, this phenomenon is n’t proper for the following experiments or other uses. However, the contact angles have nothing to do with dropping the sol-gel catalyzed ammonia to TEOS(Tetraethylorthosilicate) by different flowing rates. Finally, it is crucial for us to use the sandpapers to brush on the surfaces because it may cause the silicon dioxide nanoparticles to spread well and obviously increase the contact angles. Combining the silicon dioxide surfaces with the change of spin-coating rate and the cover with hydrophobic SAM, we have made the superhydrophobic surfaces of 159°.