臺灣

中文摘要 重金屬對人體傷害的無遠弗屆-人人皆知，根據流行病學的研究指出，長期處在 重金屬含量過高之地區，易造成生理病變。比方說，長期生活在砷含量高的環境中， 易導致肝臟、周邊血管及神經系的損害，各種癌症的發生機率也大為提高。 本實驗以中國倉鼠卵巢細胞（CHO-K1）為材料，利用微核偵測技術(Michronuclei, MN)及姐妹染色分體互換(Sister chromatid exchanges, SCE)之誘引來探討亞硒酸鈉 (Sodium selenite, NaSeO2) 及亞砷酸鈉(Sodium arsenite, NaAsO2) 的交互作用 (interaction)。實驗結果顯示亞硒酸鈉本身不會造成MN 的增加，但讓SCE 頻率增加； 亞砷酸鈉會誘引增加MN 和SCE。亞硒酸鈉前處理不會減少亞砷酸鈉誘引之SCE 和 MN，但可微微降低亞砷酸鈉抑制雙核細胞(Bunucleated cells, BN)的形成，但是不明 顯。本實驗結果未能看出亞硒酸鈉前處理與亞砷酸鈉有明顯的交互作用，但發現亞 硒酸鈉會增加SCE 頻率，因此亞硒酸鈉做為保健食品值得進一步的關切及探討。 英文摘要 It is well-documented that exposure to heavy metals could cause seriously adverse effects to humans. Epidemiological evidence has shown that illness is frequently observed in residents living long-term in heavy metal contaminated area. For example, arsenic exposure was associated with increased incidences of liver diseases, peripheral vascular and neurological diseases, as well as cancers. In this report we investigated the interaction of selenite and arsenite on micronuclei (MN) and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) induction in Chinese hamster ovary-K1 (CHO-K1) cells. The present results demonstrated that sodium selenite by itself did not induce MN, but it did cause the increase of SCE frequency. Sodium arsenite significantly induced MN and SCE in CHO-K1 cells. Pretreatment of CHO-K1 cells with selenite could not reduce MN and SCE frequency induced by arsenite, but slightly prevent the cells from arsenite-induced inhibition of binucleated cell formation. In the present study, no significant interaction between sodium selenite pretreatment and sodium arsenite was observed. However, sodium selenite was unexpectedly found to enhance SCE frequency in CHO-K1 cells. The application of selenite as health protection agent warrants our concerns and further investigation.

本實驗是以實際探勘的地質及泉水資料和文獻為基礎，對於幾個可能造成冷泉降溫的原因(岩石種類、泉水pH值、流通氣體之壓力、流速)進行實驗。我們製作了一個模擬地下泉水流動的實驗管路，此管路並可同時觀察紀錄氣壓、氣體流速，以及實驗前後模擬管路的溫度變化。透過對實驗管路的熱容量校正，我們可以找出各變因對泉水降溫的關係，以建立出一個模型，期望可套用於實際冷泉的狀況，進而推論出更多冷泉的性質。This experiment uses data and bibliography from real exploration as bases to find the possibilities of why the cool spring drops in temperature. (Mineral types, spring water's pH value, air flow pressure, and movement flow.) We created a model of underground spring water for the simulation. From this model, we could observe the air pressure, movement, and the spring's change of temperature before and after the tests. By adjusting the thermal capacity in the model, we could find the direct cause of the spring's temperature drop. And hopefully be able to adopt this model to the realistic problem, increase the effort of analyzing the natural cool spring's properties.

Nd-YAG Laser 是目前最常被用來當作Pumping Source(汲發光源)，較早期是使用discharge lamppumping，但是閃光燈的發光頻率並非完全落在Nd-YAG 晶體的吸收帶上，因此大量的能量轉變為熱能，十分的浪費能源，且增加冷卻系統的負荷。因為discharge lamp pumping 是一種氣體放電的過程，每次放電的時間和能量都有很大的不穩定性。所以高效率、高穩定性的Laserdiode 便成為pumping source 的另一種選擇。在此實用價值下，便決心以一組Laserdiode Pumped Nd-YAG Laser的套件，使用AlGaAs Laserdiode 作為pumping source，來汲發Nd-YAG 晶體，所有物件被固定在同一個rail(軌道)上，從對光到汲發晶體(增益介質Nd-YAG 晶體)，到產生1,064nm 的紅外光雷射，及其倍頻532nm 的綠光雷射，正可作為一完整的雷射訓練過程。

黑板的使用會造成粉筆灰的累積、飄散，目前雖有標榜無灰的黑板產品，但依舊無法在一般校園間普及，因此本研究希望能提出一個實用的改善方法。我們從擦拭黑板的落塵情形一路測試到實際的書寫，證實了傳統在擦拭時有54.91%的粉筆灰被板擦吸附、40.19%散佈在環境，其中只有11.25%掉落在板溝附近，這也使得環境中的PM2.5濃度上升3.5倍，利用本研究開發的水擦板擦擦拭時飄落的粉筆灰僅有1.09%，大幅減少了落塵的情形，並且以濕抹布加刮刀的方式擦拭，相較於不使用刮刀的組別字跡清晰1.5倍，甚至比一般板擦的字跡清楚20%，本研究證實了新開發的水擦板擦可以適用於校園中的黑板，能有效減少擦黑板所產生的落塵、增加書寫時的清晰度，是改善教室環境的新利器。

在「植物的秘密生命」這本書中提到植物在電場或磁場中會生長的更好，我最近正好學到了電磁場如何產生，以及一些產生電磁場的方法，所以本研究即利用螺形管線圈來產生均勻的電磁場，並用運用安培右手定則來控制磁場產生的方向，來探討電磁場在不同條件下對實驗植物－綠豆生長的影響。本實驗使用銅質線圈纏繞鐵碗的方式，且通入不同大小電流來改變磁場的強度，以探討對實驗植物－綠豆生長的影響。本研究所得到的結果顯示：(1)綠豆在通入電流50mA 時所產生的電磁場可促使綠豆達到最好的生長效果；(2)栽培綠豆環境中所架設的電磁場較高，可使綠豆表現出較為明顯的生長速率；(3)促進綠豆的生長並不需要二十四小時都通入電流；(4)綠豆在N 極朝上的電磁場中生長的速率較S 極朝上的磁場中要快；(5)在較低溫度環境中，電磁場促進綠豆生長的效應較為顯著。;It has been mentioned that the plants will grow faster in the electronic or magnetic field in the book of “the secret life of plants”, I learned about the knowledge and methods of how to produce the electromagnetic field just now, I use the screw wire to produce electromagnetic field and control the direction by the Amplifier’s rule to investigate the growing speed of green beans under electromagnetic field in those different temperature. In this experiment, I use the wire to screwed around the ironed bowl, and make different electric current to generate different strength of electromagnetic field, the results indicate that (1) The faster growing speed will only exist in some strength of electromagnetic field, (2) The higher ironed bowls that full of screwed wire will result in the faster growing speed, (3) It will not need electromagnetic field all days, (4) The green beans will grow fast in those north magnetic pole than those in south magnetic pole, (5)The effect of electromagnetic field to increase growing speed will be significant in higher room temperature.

DcR3是腫瘤壞死因子6B的成員（Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily），又稱為TR6或M68。DcR3會藉由與Fas Ligand, LIGHT或TL1A等細胞表面配位結合，阻擋T細胞的死亡訊息傳輸，保護該細胞免於細胞凋亡；另外，DcR3也會與抗原呈現細胞的硫化肝素糖蛋白結合，誘導未分化之T細胞發育成能減少自體免疫疾病發生的Th2細胞，顯示DcR3有充分作為自體免疫疾病預防之藥物的可能性。因此我藉本實驗探討DcR3對T細胞分化與發育造成的影響與造成此一現象的原因。 根據實驗結果，我們發現DcR3不僅有上述之功能，更能增加調節型T細胞（Treg）這種抑制免疫反應的特殊T細胞表現量，若能藉由Treg調控免疫系統活力，將可改善易般免疫抑制劑治療造成病人免疫力下降之缺點。因此我藉由NOD小鼠，實際檢測DcR3在活體中對抗自體免疫疾病發生的能力，並以DcR3與T 細胞之交互作用實驗，探討現象的成因。根據實驗結果，在Somatic gene therapy和Protein therapy的實驗中，皆可看出疾病延遲發生的現象。而在DcR3對T細胞存活率的影響方面，可看出DcR3並不會造成T細胞之異常死亡。故我們推測DcR3可藉由增加Treg表現量減緩或降低NOD小鼠糖尿病的發病。 因此我們認為DcR3非常有潛力作為未來自體免疫疾病預防或移植手術後用以抗排斥之藥物。

台灣通史「婆娑之洋，美麗之島」，身為台灣人，應知台灣事，本研究本維 基百科（Wikipedia）所揭示的「海納百川，有容乃大」精神，以Apache 網頁伺 服器為平台，MySQL 為資料庫，利用AJAX、PHP 網頁技術，並使用Google Maps 提供之服務，建立符合Web 2.0 精神的的b04地理資訊共享系統。在此系統下， 我們允許教師(編輯者)以合作方式上網提供與課程相關的地理資訊，並可進行資 訊修改或刪除，希望集合所有教師之力，提供給學生最豐富、最正確的b04地理 資訊系統。 In this paper, we propose a new map-based collaboration environment “MyGIS” for geographical information distribution. In MyGIS, the publishers/teachers can easily collaborate to annotate a spot with contents such as messages and links. The annotations of a spot are updated on the map in real-time which enables the receivers/students to correctly study at anywhere and anytime. To ensure the trustfulness of the content, the publishers are authenticated using login mechanism. In this study, several technologies inc lu ding Apache, PHP, MySQL, Ajax are involved. Finally, We implemented MyGIS on Google Maps and evaluated its feasibility and usefulness.

為了瞭解黃斑黑蟋蟀叫聲和溫度之間的關係，我應用物理熱平衡原理，自製水浴槽控制環境溫度，以電腦錄音程式分別錄製15℃、20℃、25℃、30℃、35℃時的蟋蟀叫聲，利用Sound Forge軟體分析並比較不同溫度下的各種特性。結果發現所分析的chirp、chirp period、syllable period、pause均和溫度呈負相關，而單位時間內的叫聲次數則與溫度成正相關，並推導出15~35℃範圍內蟋蟀叫聲次數與溫度成正相關的公式。最佳直線為：﹙15秒內叫聲次數＋19.385﹚÷2.483=當時溫度﹙℃﹚，呈高度正相關﹙相關係數：0.9398﹚。本實驗也比較母蟋蟀對不同溫度下雄蟋蟀叫聲的偏好程度，發現母蟋蟀較偏愛25℃時的雄蟋蟀叫聲，此結果可能與雄蟋蟀在25℃時叫聲的波形最為穩定有關。為探測蟋蟀觸角上的溫度感受器位置，我們曾將不同部位的觸角加以剪除，結果顯示觸角剪除面積越大的雄蟋蟀越不傾向鳴叫，但無法證實是否為溫度偵測異常所導致。本實驗除供學術研究外，因黃斑黑蟋蟀在世界各地均有分布，所以希望能藉由分析溫度與蟋蟀叫聲的相關性實驗，未來嘗試能探討其在不同環境的適應行為亦或種化的可能性。另外，全球暖化問題日益嚴重，也希望能藉由相關實驗探討暖化對蟋蟀生態上的影響。最後，我們的實驗證明了蟋蟀叫聲和環境溫度確實有極大的關聯性，未來或許能參考蟋蟀感覺溫度的機制，製作出一個天然零污染的溫度計。 To find out the relationship of cricket’s calling and temperature, we use a hand-made water-bath tank to control the temperature and record the callings with microphone and software, Sound Forge. After analyzing the collected data, we’ve found that cricket’s chirp, chirp period, syllable period, and pause are indeed affected by temperature (15 degrees - 35 degrees C). Moreover, we also compare female cricket’s preference to the callings, and the result indicates that female cricket’s preference is changing with temperature. In the last, we tried to find out where the thermoreceptors are by cutting out the antennae. After cutting, crickets tend to not to make any calls at all, so we conclude the antennae might play an important role in sensing and calling. The experiment proves that this communication system is temperature coupled. Because the cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus, is a worldwide species, we may learn the accommodation or the possibility of performing a new species by researching the relationship of temperature and cricket’s callings. By the way, the Green House Effect is getting more and more serious, so we want to search for the influences on crickets that are caused by Green House Effect. The last but not the least, according to the report, maybe we can investigate the mechanism of sensing temperature and then make a natural thermometer that is no pollution in the future.

此項研究是用溶氧計連續偵測培養液中之溶氧量，藉以分析固氮\r 單胞藻RF-1 的光合韻律。實驗的結果清楚地看出RF-1 之光合韻律，\r 而且能夠清晰地觀察到其中光合作用、呼吸作用和固氮作用之間的相\r 互關係。研究中還發現：在不進行光合作用時，RF-1 的固氮作用也\r 會停止；另一方面，在有進行光合作用、但是停止固氮作用的狀況下，\r RF-1 光合作用之韻律現象會喪失。這些實驗結果值得未來更深入地\r 探討。報告中也包括了單胞藻PCC6803 的光合韻律實驗，藉以做為\r 有固氮能力與沒有固氮能力藍綠藻之間的對照。The variation of dissolved oxygen (DO) in the culture of the\r unicellular nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium Synechococcus RF-1\r under diurnal light/dark condition was detected automatically by DO\r meter. The results indicated that the algae exhibited circadian\r photosynthetic rhythm. The results also revealed that a respiration\r rhythm occurred at dark phase when the culture was grown in\r nitrogen-free medium. There was correlation between the rhythm of\r photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation. The nitrogen-fixing activity\r could not be detected if the photosynthesis was stop by cultivated\r under continuous darkness. On the other hand, the rhythm of\r photosynthesis could not persist when the nitrogen-fixing activity\r was inhibited by NaNO3. In order to compare the difference\r between Synechococcus RF-1 and the cyanobacterium, which\r cannot fix nitrogen, the DO pattern of Synechocystis PCC6803 was\r also investigated.

Based on environmental protection and new energy development, the energy containing low pollution and having high efficiency becomes more popular. The fuel cell is an emerging technology, which is the reason why it is considered as Green energy. However, high-price membrane electrode assembly (MEA) inhabits the development of fuel cell. Among these components in MEA, platinum-based electrode leads the most cost. We select the multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) as catalyst support to improve electrode material performance and reduce Pt utilization. But the particle size and dispersion of platinum as well as character of catalyst support may significantly affect the efficiency of electrode.燃料電池因為具備低排放污染、低噪音及高轉換效率等環保特性，故被稱為綠色能源，可取代內燃機作為發電之能源系統。然而燃料電池中觸媒粒徑大小、分散情形以及使用不同的觸媒載體，均有可能會影響其電觸媒的催化效能，所以我們以「觸媒粒徑大小」、「觸媒分散情形」為主軸，著手以下的研究。本實驗在不同的酸鹼值下製備燃料電池的電極材料，並以電子顯微鏡等器材，觀察已披覆在電極上白金觸媒的特性，探討不同酸鹼環境對白金觸媒粒徑大小的影響，並探究白金觸媒粒徑大小與其發電效率的關係。