臺灣

如果n-1 個正四面體在n 個面的多面體棋盤中翻轉(如：正八面體、正二十面體、五邊雙菱錐及三角錐台棋盤)，則正四面體相互之間會受到很多限制。本研究為探討n-1 個正四面體在n 個面的多面體棋盤中，利用其翻轉的特性，翻轉至相鄰空格，進而完成：1. 每個正四面體的底面及側面均能「同色共面」。2. 在滿足以上的兩個條件下做「數字排序」。3. 探討每個遊戲在各階段是否有解的情形。最後，將遊戲推廣至正八面體在多面體棋盤中的翻轉。If n-1 pyramids can turn in the chessboard of n planes pyramids (ex: 8 planes pyramid, 20 planes pyramid, 5 sides bi rhombus pyramid and triangular pyramid chessboard) there are lost of restrictions between these pyramids. This research is discussing about the n-1 pyramids in the chessboard of n planes multi pyramid, which have the peculiarity of turn that can turn to nearby space. We found that: 1. Each pyramid’s button plane and aide plane can be “same plane same color”. 2. Matching about 2 conditions then can do “order by numbers”. 3. Search for answers of each levels in each game. Finally, the game will be propagated to eight planes pyramid can turn on the chessboard of multi pyramid.

車輛遭竊以及酒醉駕車對社會安全造成的危害普遍存在於世界各先進國家。以目前看來，此問題並非嚴刑峻罰就能解決的。若本研究計畫將來普及應用於大眾，必定可以同時減少車輛遭竊之機會和預先防範酒醉者開車駕駛。 生物特徵泛指指紋、虹膜、臉型、聲紋甚至DNA 等等，它的特性即每個人均具有此獨一無二的性徵，加以應用就如同無法被仿造或偷竊的身分證明。若車主能利用自己的生物特徵為車輛上鎖，即可防止車輛遭竊。 視覺密碼學是屬於資訊隱藏技術的一種，藉由兩張以上的影像疊合後呈現其中隱藏之機密資料。雖然視覺密碼學原先純粹是為了加密資料，但我們將之加以修改，設計出複雜且無意義的偽裝影像，使其不易被酒醉後神智不清的人疊合成功而讀出其中的加密資料。 結合生物特徵及視覺密碼學，即可設計出一套可安裝於車上的系統，不僅防止車輛失竊又能防止酒醉駕車事故的發生。 ;The damage which is caused to social security by car stealing and drunk driving universally exist in others developed countries. As things are, these problems can not be solved by severe law. If our project can be applied in the masses extensively, it must be able to prevent both car stealing and drunk driving. Roughly speaking, biological characteristics mean fingerprint, iris, face, pronunciation and DNA. Their uniqueness is a special feature that everyone has. If we can apply it more, the characteristics are identification that can not be imitated or stolen. If the car owner can use his or her biological characteristics to lock the car, the car stealing could be prevented. Visual cryptography belongs to a kind of information hiding. By stacking two or more images, user can recognize the secret information hiding in the stacking. Although visual cryptography is merely created for encryption at first, we modify it and design a complex as well as meaningless stego-image. That makes the unconscious driver who is drunk fail to both stack the images and recognize the secret information hiding inside. We combine biological characteristics with visual cryptography and design a suit of system that is able to install in the car. This system can prevent not only car stealing but also drunk driving.

本文我們研究下列問題： 1. 何時心律會成穩定的狀態呢？ 2. 是否能建立出心律穩定的數學模型？ 3. 什麼樣的函數會使得心律趨於穩定？我們以xmp+i 表示第p+1 個訊息傳到第i 個細胞之前，第i 個細胞的舒張時間，而且xk 和 xk−m, xk−m+1,..., xk−1的關係為 In this paper we study the problems as follows: When will the rhythm of heart beats approach to a steady state? Can we set up the mathematics model with steady rhythm of heart beats? What kind of function will make the rhythm of the heart beating tend to be stable? The result of our study is as follows:

茶由於其具有特殊的芳香氣味及口味，廣泛地被世人用為飲料，近年來的研究證據顯示茶具有促進身體健康和防癌功效，但茶中之成分，尤其兒茶素隨茶及茶沖泡方式而有所不同，因此對於茶中成分及沖泡方式的認知是一門重要的課題。 本實驗主要是探討茶沖泡方式及儲藏條件，對於茶液中成分變化的影響，探討的茶包含紅茶、烏龍茶、綠茶及其茶包。並使用質譜儀及高效能液相層析儀配備紫外光偵測器分析茶液中之成分，實驗結果顯示加蓋子的茶杯儲存茶時比沒蓋子的要好；成分變化速率又以未發酵的綠茶較發酵的紅茶和烏龍茶快；低溫儲存時，亦可延緩茶的成分變化，例如加蓋並存放於冰箱，茶甚至可置放至隔夜其成分均不會改變；尤其本實驗尚發現照光與否影響茶液成分變化甚鉅。;Tea is the most widely accepted and consumed beverage worldwide due to its characteristic aroma and taste. Recent studies have provided the strong scientific basis for understanding the health promoting effects and cancer preventive actions of tea. The components of tea especial the catechins are varied with the conditions of making tea. To understand and determine the chemical composition of tea is very important. Some investigations of the parameters on the storage and making of tea were carried on in this study. The kinds of tea studied were including black tea, oolong tea, green tea, and instant tea bags. A high performance liquid chromatograph combined with UV detector was used to analyze the components of tea. The results showed that the composition of tea solution is dependant of the exposure of light. The tea kept in cup with cover was better than that without cover. The ingredients in green tea were changed faster than those in fermentative black tea and oolong tea. The components of tea can be kept unchanged for a long time at low temperature. In refrigerator, the time can be extended to overnight.

The purpose of this paper is to study the roles of formic acid and formaldehyde playing in the Direct Methanol Fuel Cells(DMFCs).The assumption is now widely accepted that the Oxidation-reduction intermediate of cell like formic acid and formaldehyde will hinder the reaction of DMFCs. At first, we recorded data which measured the efficiency of DMFCs working under the different temperature of fuel, then we recorded data which measured the efficiency of DMFCs working under the different consistency. In the end, we compared the data we recorded before and chose the best reaction environment as standard environment for the future experiment. Then we discover intermediate has positive effect on DMFCs. we separately put formic acid and formaldehyde into fuel, and we discover the efficiency is better than\r before. For example, the volt stability and volt intensity of DMFCs are better. The above conclusion is mainly based on open current volt, equally volt and electric current density which is the standard of evaluation.本實驗主要探討甲酸、甲醛等雜質在直接甲醇燃料電池中扮演的角色，一般認為甲酸等是甲醇在電池中反應的中間產物，大多數人認為這些中間產物會阻礙燃料電池的反應。而我們先針對了甲醇在各種溫度下電池的效能先做出了圖表，並使用不同濃度的甲醇燃料來測量電池的效能並與之前溫度的圖表做比較，選出最合適的直接甲醇燃料電池反應環境作為添加雜質實驗的標準環境。接下來我們在研究過程中發現，其實中間產物可能對電池有正面的效果，我們發現甲酸、甲醛等對直接甲醇燃料電池的電源輸出有正面的影響，例如電壓穩定性與電壓強度的增強。在研究中，我們將甲酸等加入燃料電池的燃料(甲醇)內，模擬甲醇因不當保存而產生的雜質，針對添加物的濃度做些調整，以電池的開路電壓(OCV)、平均輸出電壓、以及單位面積的電流密度作為評比電池效能的標準，並找出甲酸等對燃料電池效能的影響，並進一步找出最適合的電池燃料配置。

動脈硬化是個致病率和致死率相當高的慢性發炎疾病，為台灣十大死因之一。在病理過程中血中濃度過高的膽固醇為動脈硬化的一大危險因子，其會誘發一連串的發炎反應驅使血管壁內皮細胞功能喪失，血壓上升，平滑肌細胞增生等。Statin 是臨床上十分有效的降血脂藥物，雖然其作用機制已知在於抑制膽固醇合成酵素 HMG-CoA reductase 而有降血脂功效，但近年來探討 statin 在抗發炎方面的作用也漸受重視。nitric oxide synthase (NOS) 代謝產物如 nitric oxide (NO)，cyclooxygenase (COX) 代謝產物如 prostaglandin (PGE?、PGI?)，及 heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) 代謝產物如 carbon monoxide (CO)，均有文獻指出可以改善血流，而可能在動脈硬化上扮演保護角色。相反的，matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 的表現會誘使更多的免疫細胞浸潤到血管壁，並增加動脈硬化斑破裂，引起栓塞和中風的發生。在此實驗中，我們利用培養的大鼠主動脈血管平滑肌細胞作為研究材料，發現了 statin (lovastatin 、pravastatin、atorvastatin 、fluvastatin) 具有一些和降血脂無關的直接保護血管壁能力。包括會增加 interleukin-1β (IL-1β) 所誘導 iNOS 蛋白的表現及NO 的產生; statin 本身會增加 COX-2 和 HO-1 蛋白的表現及 PGE? 和PGI? 的產生，及抑制 MMP-2 和 MMP-9 蛋白活性的表現。此外分析調控 iNOS 基因轉錄最為關鍵的基因轉錄因子 NF-κB，發現適量的 statin 會增加 IL-1β 活化NF-κB 的作用。值得一提的是雖然適量 NO 有維持血管恆定的功能，過量時則會造成血壓過低休克的現象，這就是細菌感染後因內毒素 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 作用引發敗血性休克的主要原因之一。為更進一步釐清 statin 是否會影響受細菌感染病人的生命危險，我們也探討 statin 對LPS 作用的影響。結果發現 statin 反而會抑制 LPS 誘導大量 iNOS 蛋白的表現，NO 的產生及 NF-κB 的活化。這些新的實驗結果提供更多證據支持 statin 可以藉由維持血管舒張，減緩血管壁的發炎反應，穩定動脈硬化斑的作用，以有效控制動脈硬化各個病程的進展。這發現能讓我們更透徹明白 statin 的作用，且對將來研發 statin 在心血管疾病方面新的臨床治療用途是有所助益的。 ;The 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase inhibitors, statins, are potent inhibitors of cholesterol synthesis and have wide therapeutic use in cardiovascular diseases. Recent evidence, however, suggests that the beneficial effects of statins may extend beyond their action on serum cholesterol levels. In this study, we investigated the effects of lovastatin, pravastatin, atorvastatin, and fluvastatin on cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells. We found statins can inhibit LPS-induced iNOS expression and NO production, while they can potentiate IL-1β-elicited responses. Moreover, statins themselves can stimulate COX-2 expression, PGE?, PGI? formation, and HO-1 induction. In contrast, statins can inhibit basal and IL-1β-induced enzyme activities of MMP-9 and MMP-2. In studying the activity of NF-κB, which plays an important role for iNOS gene induction, we found that statin can increase IL-1β-induced NF-κB activity, while inhibit that induced by LPS. All these results suggest that stimulation of iNOS expression in the presence of IL-1β, togeth1er with the increased COX-2 and HO-1 expression might contribute to the beneficial effects of statins in atherosclerotic process in terms of vasodilation and inhibition of smooth muscle cell proliferation. The inhibition of MMP activity might enhance plaque stability and reduce the development of atherosclerosis. All these results strengthen the pleiotropic actions of statins in anti-inflammation and anti-atherosclerosis.

現今日常生活充斥著有機污染物，然而處理含有有機污染物的廢水需要極高的成本，有鑑於此，我們參考Fenton Reaction，從成本、毒性、活化能、操作方便性、二次污染及經濟效益的多方考量下，選擇以分子篩來固定鐵、鈷、鎳、錳、鋅之金屬離子，並決定以鐵分子篩為研究主軸，並探討其催化過氧化氫對有機物的分解。鑒於粉末狀的分子篩容易流失，我們以陶土固定分子篩，製作成反應杯槽，發現了分子篩與陶土的結合性。接著藉由二氧化碳感測器及光譜儀來感測有機物的分解速率，在控制溫度，濃度等條件下，探討分解有機物的反應及其反應時的特性。由實驗結果得知，分子篩能有效分解簡單醇類、氯仿、四氯化碳及indigo。使用0.35克陶土鐵分子篩，1M 以下的雙氧水50ml，其分解異丙醇所生成二氧化碳的速率可達0.34-0.55ppm/sec 之間（3.1-4.9×10-9mol/sec），此外有機氯化物分解後生成無毒性的氯離子；indigo染料分解後褪色。本實驗證實，陶土鐵分子篩：一、可以重複使用；二、可在較低濃度環境下運作；三、在酸性較弱環境下運作；四、可在低溫環境下運作(10℃)；五、不須對大量鐵離子做沉澱回收的工作（此五點優於Fenton Reaction）。相較於TAML 等人工合成的催化劑雖有避免污染的優點，但卻有無法重複使用的缺點，綜合以上幾點看來，陶土鐵分子篩在操作方便性及經濟與環境保護上具有相當的潛力及價值。With organic pollutants everywhere and the high cost to dispose of them, this study, a two-stage experiment, aimed first to evaluate the efficiency of zeolite with different metal ions and then to compare their rates in reacting to the decomposition of organic matter with hydrogen peroxide as the catalyst. Since zeolite powder can be easily washed away, we tested zeolite with clay to hold such metal ions as Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, and Zn and finally used the Argillaceous Fe-zeolite for its superiority on the basis of cost, toxin, activation energy, easy operation, and contamination. A carbon dioxide sensor and a spectrometer for visible light were used to measure the decomposition rate of organic matter under controlled temperature and resolution concentrations. The results of the experiments showed that zeolite achieved excellent effects in decomposing organic chlorides such as lower alcohols, chloroform, and carbon tetrachloride. When 0.35g of zeolite and less than 1M of hydrogen peroxide resolution were used the rate of carbon dioxide production reached 0.34-0.35 ppm/sec (3.1-4.9x10-9 mol/sec). The decomposition of organic chloride produced nontoxic Cl and the indigo dye faded after it was decomposed. Our experiments proved that Argillaceous Fe-zeolite has the following five advantages over Fenton Reaction. First, it can be reused. Second, it performed well at lower concentrations. Third, it worked well under weak acid conditions. Fourth, it worked at a lower temperature (20℃). And finally, there was no need to recycle a large amount of Fe ions. Argillaceous Fe-zeolite was also found to be superior to TAML, which has the advantage of avoiding contamination but is not reusable. The above observation and discussion demonstrate that Argillaceous Fe-zeolite possesses very significant value in terms of easy application, economy, and environmental protection.

超疏水表面(superhydrophobic surface)因其自我清潔效果在近年來引起廣泛的研究及探討，目前世界各大公司皆積極投入自潔性產品(超疏水表面)的研發，但是截至目前為止除了塗料及織物有產品外，其他尚在研發階段。降低表面能及增加表面粗糙度為製作超疏水性表面的兩種方法。本實驗我們針對使用不同方法去仿照自然界植物「蓮花效應」，將二氧化矽粒子適當的分佈在基材表面，以增加粗糙度，製造出超疏水性表面。我們發現鍛燒會使其二氧化矽粒子黏聚在一起，對接觸角的增加無幫助。而在溶膠凝膠的配置過程中直接加入OTS(Octadecyltrichlorosilane)，並利用光散射儀比較二氧化矽奈米顆粒的平均粒徑及粒徑分佈隨時間變化的情形，一段時間後發現會有明顯大顆粒沉澱，塗佈在玻璃基材表面後容易脫落，不適合往後實驗或其他用途。而以氨水催化的溶膠凝膠以不同流速滴入TEOS (Tetraethylorthosilicate，四乙氧基矽)對接觸角的影響也不大。最後我們利用砂紙在基材表面上刷磨，可以使二氧化矽粒子分佈均勻，明顯增加接觸角。塗佈速率的改變搭配疏水性矽烷單分子膜的改質，我們已可以製造出159°的超疏水性表面。Superhydrophobic surfaces are generally made by lowering the surface energy and increasing the surface roughness. In this experiment, we use different methods of spreading silicon dioxide nanoparticles properly on the surface in order to increase the surface roughness and also make superhydrophobic surfaces. In the beginning, we find that the calcinations can cause its silicon dioxide nanoparticles to stick together instead of increasing the contact angles. Then, add OTS (Octadecyltrichlorosilane) directly to manufacture process of sol-gel, and observe the situations of the average length and the spread of silicon dioxide nanoparticles with the time goes by. After a period of time, we will discover that many obvious big particles deposit and spin-coating on the glass surfaces flop easily. Hence, this phenomenon is n’t proper for the following experiments or other uses. However, the contact angles have nothing to do with dropping the sol-gel catalyzed ammonia to TEOS(Tetraethylorthosilicate) by different flowing rates. Finally, it is crucial for us to use the sandpapers to brush on the surfaces because it may cause the silicon dioxide nanoparticles to spread well and obviously increase the contact angles. Combining the silicon dioxide surfaces with the change of spin-coating rate and the cover with hydrophobic SAM, we have made the superhydrophobic surfaces of 159°.

我們得知從高雄糖廠及堆肥中篩出的嗜高溫好氧菌Geobacillus thermoleovorans T4，是本種細菌首先被報導具有纖維素分解能力的菌株，但目前僅止於學術研究階段，尚未實際應用於廢棄纖維素的分解上。本研究以廢棄農作物纖維素取代學術研究所用的羧甲基纖維素(Carboxymethyl Cellulose，CMC) ，將T4菌株置於稻稈與米糠培養基內，進行分解效能比較，再利用酵母菌的發酵作用進一步將葡萄糖轉化為酒精。本研究發現，在60℃的環境中，活化的T4 菌株可在CMC、稻稈及米糠培養基中生長繁殖且發揮其分解纖維素為葡萄糖的能力，尤其在米糠培養基中的分解效果最快也最好。此外，將生產的葡萄糖加入酵母菌之後，初步發現也能成功地進行發酵作用產生酒精，生質酒精的產出指日可待！;The Research on Using Geobacillus thermoleovorans T4 to Turn the Deserted Cellulose in Agriculture into glucose in Order to Produce Bio-Renewable Energy It has been found that Geobacillus thermoleovorans T4, a thermophilic aerobic bacterial strain isolated from a sugar refinery wastewater （55-60℃）in Kaohsing, Taiwan, can secrete thermostable endocellulase and hydrolyze carboxymethylcellulose （CMC）in some academic research, but it is stillunknown whether T4 hydrolyzes deserted cellulose in Agriculture. The aim of this study is to investigate the best conditions of T4 cellulase activity after mixing with deserted cellulose (such as rice bran and rice straw) by measuring the glucose concentration and bacteria number, and to produce the ethanol by activated yeast. T4 was added rice bran and rice straw medium, and cultured in 60℃ for 10 hours. The number of T4 and the concentration of glucose were measured every two hours. The best conditions were examined by comparing the hydrolyzation efficiency of T4 in different cellulose medium. We observed that T4 grew efficiently in different cellulose medium and hydrolyzed cellulose into glucose, especially in rice bran medium. The yeast also converted glucose into ethanol. Our research may shed light to the development of bio-renewable energy!

令Sn 為{1,2,…,n}任意排列所成的集合，π ? Sn 為其中的一個元素，我們記π = (π(1), π(2),…, π(n))。今給定π ? Sn ，若對所有i,1? i ? n，都有π (π (i)) = i 時，我們稱π 為involution。假設π ? Sn ，並給定σ ? Sm (m ? n)，當π 中任取m 項，其大小關係的順序都和σ 不同，我們稱π 避開σ，或稱π 是一個σ-avoiding 排列。在這篇報告中，我們主要分析了2143-avoiding involution，1234-avoiding involution，和3412-avoiding involution 中的一些統計量，給出了十數個結果與幾個猜想。Let Sn be the set of permutations on {1,2,…,n} and π ? Sn be an element in Sn. Denote π as π = (π(1), π(2),…, π(n)). We say that π is an involution if π(π(i)) = i for every i, 1? i ? n. Given π ? Sn and σ ? Sm (m ? n) , we say that π avoids σ (or π is an σ-avoiding permutation) if π does not contain any m-term subsequence in the order of σ. In this paper, we discuss some classic statistics on 2143-avoiding involutions, 1234-avoiding involutions and 3412-avoiding involutions. We get many new results in this field and give some interesting conjectures.