臺灣

This research analyzes goldfish’ (Carassius auratus) environmental preference behavior by setting up different environmental color-models to spur goldfish’reactions. It is investigated that pre-conditioned preference of goldfish was stressed by electric shock or high osmotic pressure. We’re interested in how stress experience modulate goldfish’ exploring behavior and its environmental preference. Goldfish that prefers brown-colored environment (compared with white) is suitable for being an model animal to investigate fish’s environmental preference. Both electric shocks and high osmotic pressure, two different kinds of stress, can affect goldfish’ behavior. It shows that fish have the ability to learn and memorize the stress experience. Besides, different stress has different effects on fish’ environmental preference behavior. It proves that there are complicated interactions among environmental stimulus, memories of stress and behavior caused by different kinds of stress.本研究利用環境色彩特徵的差異，建立朱文錦(Carassius auratus)環境偏好行為之動物模式，探討不同逆境刺激經驗(施予電擊或高滲透壓環境)，與魚類環境偏好行為的交互作用，以研究魚類的逆境經驗，是否可形成記憶，並影響其行為。我們發現朱文錦偏好土色環境(相對於白色環境)，適合作為探討魚類對環境偏好的實驗動物。電擊與高滲透壓兩種不同性質的逆境經驗，皆可影響朱文錦的環境偏好，顯示魚類具有記憶逆境環境的學習能力。此外，不同性質的逆境經驗，對魚類的環境偏好行為具有不同的影響。證明「環境刺激—經驗(記憶)—行為表現」三者之間具複雜的交互作用。

關於硫代硫酸鈉與鹽酸的硫沉澱反應，我們收集及參考國內外許多的研究文獻後，文獻中提到奈米硫沉澱的產生，其原因是硫代硫酸根中的硫原子進行自身氧化還原反應所致，其中在動力學的研究中提及，在硫代硫酸鈉與鹽酸的反應中，硫代硫酸鈉濃度對反應速率的影響較為顯著，在反應級數上硫代硫酸鈉為一級反應，鹽酸為零級反應，我們因此假設，鹽酸的濃度對於反應速率的影響有限，因此我們想知道一般的條件下，硫代硫酸鈉與鹽酸在反應中所扮演的角色及對反應速率的影響的程度，此外溫度的變異與反應速率的變化也是我們有興趣的研究課題。 本研究利用Microsoft Excel與自行設計組裝Arduino偵測與計時器，進行硫代硫酸鈉和鹽酸反應速率的實驗，進一步由化學反應速率數據，計算反應物的反應級數與速率常數，探討各項變因對於反應速率的影響。

本研究的目的在於探討螺旋狀剝皮對植物生存以及芭樂果實的影響。實驗的設計是將選擇的植株或其枝幹分成四組，分別施予環狀剝皮、螺旋狀剝皮一圈、螺旋狀剝皮三圈及不剝皮等處理。 研究結果顯示，螺旋狀剝皮不會導致植株死亡，且於處理部位下方會長出新的枝葉。芭樂果實經100 天的生長之後，不剝皮處理之枝幹長出的芭樂重量都在 300g 以下，而螺旋狀剝皮一圈之枝幹長出的芭樂有重達300-400g(5%)及 400-500g(5%)，最重的達 490g；螺旋狀剝皮三圈之枝幹長出的芭樂也有重達 300-400g(占 7.7%)。此外，與不剝皮處理者比較之，螺旋狀剝皮也有助於高甜度芭樂比例的提升。 本研究成果若能成功應用在其他果樹上，有助於提高果農產收的經濟價值。 The purpose of our study is to examine spiral bark-stripping’s effects on trees, and observe what will happen with this treatment, especially in the survival of trees and fruit of Guava. The experimental design is as below. First, we divided tree samples or branches into 4 groups randomly, and then treated each group differently with girdling, spiral bark-stripping a circle, spiral bark-stripping 3 circles, or non-stripping on the trunks or branches. As a result, spiral bark-stripping did not cause death of trees. Instead, new green leaves grew below treated area. After 100 days of growth, the fruit of Guava treated with non-stripping weighed below 300 grams, while some fruit weighing above 300-400 grams(5%) and 400-500 grams(5%) grew on those trees treated with spiral bark-stripping a circle, with the heaviest of 490 grams. Besides, there are some fruit weighing 300-400 grams(7.7%) growing on those trees treated with piral bark-stripping 3 circles. The result shows that spiral bark-stripping, compared to non-stripping, promoted the proportion of high-sugar fruit. This study provides a possible way to increase the economic value of fruit harvest if applied to other kinds of fruit trees.

打開水龍頭，水鉛直落到正下方的水平板時形成圓形水躍。我們實驗研究20＜Nr＜150 的低雷諾數圓形水躍的變因，探討圓形水躍半徑和流量、出水口高度、以及液體黏滯係數間的關係。改用高黏滯係數的液體（4：1 的乙二醇水溶液），鉛直落入板上方深h 的相同液體時，先形成圓形，h 漸大時形成環形圓紋曲面，再加大h，形成多邊形水躍，內外圍同方向旋轉，轉速ω；液中加水，黏滯係數高於及低於某定值，多邊形都消失，側面觀察，外圍液體作鉛直面旋轉。將水平板改置於旋轉盤上方，使高黏滯係數（4：1）的乙二醇水溶液鉛直落入板上方形成多邊水躍，逐漸加快旋轉盤的轉速至 ω 時，多邊形都消失；逐漸減少乙二醇的濃度，至完全用水實驗，亦有多邊形出現，我們認為；平板上方的液體的轉動是非圓形水躍的成因。When a jet of water falls vertically on to a horizontal plate, it spreads out rapidly in a thin layer until it reaches a critical radius at which the layer depth increases abruptly. This phenomenon commonly called the circular hydraulic jump. We study the variations of the circular hydraulic jump radius, as a function of volume flow rate of the jet, the drop height, and the viscosity of the fluid at low Reynold numbers (20＜Nr＜150). When a jet of ethylene-glycol mixed with water (the kinetic viscosity is 10 times of water) falls on to a horizontal plate which is immersed in the same liquid with height h. We find the circular state frequently undergoes spontaneous breaking at its axial symmetry into a stationary polygonal shape. Rather than displaying the weak angular deformation generally seen in fluids, the jump forms clear corners and edges that are often straight. Several of these polygon formations show consistency in height h. And we find the polygon structure rotates in a horizontal motion. When a jet of water falls on to a horizontal plate, and the plate is rotated by a motor ,we find the axial symmetry of the free surface of circular hydraulic jump is spontaneously broken a various number of cornered polygonal shapes. We study the number of corners as a result of the volume flow rate of the jet, the drop height and the viscosity of the fluid in the experiment. And the frequency of rotation of the plate is taking into consideration.

六種自行合成出來的聯吡啶釕錯合物Ru(bpy)₃、Ru(bpy)₂(phen) 、 Ru(bpy)₂dcbpy、Ru(phen)₃、Ru(phen)₂(bpy)、Ru(phen)₂dcbpy 及商用染料N3-dye，被成功的做成光敏性太陽能電池。光電流的產生率可由IPCE (incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency) 的測量可知。此類釕錯合物可以物理吸附或化學鍵結於TiO₂奈米粒子上。IPCE 的大小可以用來探討不同吸附方式的釕錯合物轉換光電流的效率。在物理吸附上Ru(phen)₂(bpy)的效率最好。化學鍵結的以N3 Dye 最好，我們合成的錯合物以Ru(bpy)₂dcbpy 較佳。此種以TiO₂奈米結構為承載基材的太陽能光電池(Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell)，染料仍以商用染料 N3-dye 最佳。本研究發現物理吸附的Ru complexes 也可產生光電流，若能最佳化，將可簡化染料錯合物之合成。 Six ruthenium complexes, Ru(bpy)₃, Ru(bpy)₂(phen), Ru(bpy)₂dcbpy, Ru(phen)₃, Ru(phen)₂(bpy), and Ru(phen)₂dcbpy were synthesized. These Ru complexes and N3 dye have been incorporated into the dye-sensitized solar cell system. The solar energy conversion of the ruthenium complexes were measured and converted to IPCE (incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency). There complexes were either chemically bonded or physically absorbed onto the nano-sized TiO₂ particles. The IPCE were utilized to compare the photon-to-current efficiency of these Ru complexes. Among the physical-absorbed dyes, Ru(phen)₂(bpy) has the highest IPCE. For chemical-absorbed dyes, the commercial N3 dye is still the best. Among the complexes synthesized in this research that are chemical-absorbed, Ru(phen)₂dcbpy has the highest IPCE The commercial N3 dye has the highest IPCE in the dye-sensitized TiO₂nanoparticle solar cell. We found that physically absorbed dye can convert photon to current. With better solar cell assembly, physically absorbed dye can have the same conversion efficiency as N3 dye.

正方形兩條對角線的交點（即中心點）距四頂點等長，也與四邊等距。如果將正方形的頂點比擬成它的「手」，兩對角線的交點當成它的「心」，則兩個正方形頂點間、中心點間、或頂點與中心點間的線段相連（或重合），就如同「手」或「心」彼此相連。本文即探索當多個正方形間「心手相連」時，衍生圖形間的面積關係。而四個正方形中某幾個頂點相接（邊未重疊），恰圍出兩個三角形的圖形則是本內容討論圖形的主體架構，我們以此架構向外作出「層出不窮」的正方形，再配合中心點連接成四邊形，將推導出這些四邊形與基準正方形（Reference Square）間的面積關係。In a square, the lengths from the intersection point （center point） of two diagonal lines to the four apexes are the same, and so are they from that point to the four sides. If the apexes are “hands” and the intersection point of two diagonal lines is the “heart” of a square, the connection or overlap of two squares’ apexes and apexes, center point and center point, or apexes and center points is just like the connection of hands with hearts. In this article, hence, we are to explore the relation in area of derivative graphs formed by several squares connected “heart in hand.” When some apexes of four squares are overlain without sides overlapped, two triangles are created. And that’s the theme we are going to discuss. Furthermore, we extend the operation to infinitely overlain squares and frame out quadrangles referring to the center points of some squares. Then, the relation in areas of these overlapped squares and the Reference Square would be deduced.

In order to facilitate a paradigm shift from traditional high volume chemical experiments to an environmentally friendly microdose experiment; I had to innovate and overcome a lot of difficulties. After six generations of experiment design I successfully reduced the volume of the combined reactants to a single drop. I utilized many recycled components to build my apparatus including a vintage computer, a simple CD disk, optical sensors and a transistor from a common computer mouse. By using a CCD monitor with an external camera feed, the single drop chemical reaction can be observed in real time and a recording of the event can be made. I chose the focus of the experiment to be the reaction of sodium thiosulfate and hydrochloric acid to create a colloidal solution of sulfonium nanoparticles. By employing a custom-made transparency target to achieve a higher precision of measurement I have also conducted deeper research into the reaction order and the rate constants. 為了將傳統高劑量的化學實驗順利的推向顯微液滴的化學實驗上，今年我們更是創新突破了很多困難的關卡。 儀器設計由第一代減量研究到第六代的減量設計，目前已能成功的運用報廢的光碟片、報廢的電腦、報廢滑鼠內的感光二極體元件及電晶體來自製設計出兩反應物各一滴溶液做自動偵測反應的記錄。透過顯微鏡加裝的CCD電子螢幕目視觀看、拍成電子影片檔由電腦播放的目標。 因此，我選定了硫代硫酸鈉溶液和鹽酸溶液反應可產生硫奈米微粒的膠態溶液作為實驗的主軸及設計可較精確定量的投影片載液面，我們也企圖對其反應速率式的級數及反應速率常數做更深入的探討。

氫是一種非常理想的能源。不僅效率極高，且不會造成環境污染。空氣中的含量極少，常用的電解水方式又效果不彰。我們利用Ag、Ru、Cu 、C-CuPu、C 等數種電極，與H2SO4、 H3PO4 、HNO3 電解液，分別在10V 雙電極與-0.8V 三電極下做電解水實驗，研究何種電極與何種電解液能得到最多的氫氣量。在低電壓下找出最好的電極，液與太陽能電池結合，成為電池中的一部份，讓發電效果更好，以利未來燃料電池H is a kind of great power.It is not only effective,but also no environment pollution .Owing to the H in the air is very little,so it is not easy to take .Addition to,we often to take it by electro liquid,but the electrolysis effect is not ideal. Except Ag、Ru、Cu、C-CuPt、C and so on ,in theH2SO4、 H3PO4 、HNO3 electro liquid,we have a experiment in the 10V dual electrode and -0.8V triple electrode to study which electrode and which electro liquid to get the most of H.Under the low voltage,we can fund the best electrode.It is easy to bind with solar energy battery,andit can be a part of battery.Besides, it makes the generator effect better,and it is convenient to make the fuel cell commercialize in the future.

本研究主要用動態模擬實驗了解海漂垃圾移動路線和分布情形，並與調查資料比對，深入了解臺灣出現大量海垃圾的地點和成因。研究結果發現，溫度、鹽度和風是造成洋流流動的因素。臺灣周邊的洋流會使垃圾在洋流會合處呈現帶狀分布。海漂垃圾會受海底地形影響，水深較淺的西部大陸棚會使垃圾移動速度變慢，堆積情形明顯。且季風對海漂垃圾的影響甚鉅，不同季節會使垃圾堆積於西部和北部，尤其秋冬時更明顯。出海口的海漂垃圾也受季風擴大堆積範圍，且颱風季節影響最大。與調查資料比對後發現，北部海岸、西南海岸為海廢熱區，花東海岸較為乾淨。未來希望再做細部模擬，得到更多海漂垃圾移動和堆積的相關資訊，以利未來進行海漂垃圾的攔截或清運。