臺灣

「小戴教練」是我們利用馬達及車輪自製的羽球練球機。一次可裝載60顆球，射程可達到6公尺，而且能左右掃射。我們利用tracker運動軌跡軟體進行分析，以真人教練餵球訓練時所發出的球路進行對照 。改變射球的快慢、角度、強度、找出小球、挑球、平球、長球等不同球路模式。最具獨創性的是「小戴教練」的製作不需要寫程式，而是以滾輪及滑梯達到有效送球，資源回收的材料及簡易的機器組裝方式可讓其他同學們自行仿製。研究團隊在製作過程中不斷測試練打，雖然無真人羽球教練，但我們鼓起勇氣全員代表學校首次參加108學年度臺北市教育盃羽球錦標賽，訓練過程中，證實「小戴教練」羽球練球機實用又好玩。

由於奈米科技進步，奈米材料應用在產業上具有多功能的性質。本研究使用不同波美度的色料餵食家蠶，以找出最佳的彩色蠶繭色澤，並研究其如何影響家蠶所結出的蠶繭及色料附著在蠶繭上的絲。同時對色料附著的蠶繭進行水洗、光照、微結構的觀察，以試圖找出色料與波美度之最佳組合參數。由本實驗結果得知，利用奈米色料溶液60 ml，在紅色：1.048、藍：1.058、黃：1.039 的參數下，混合飼料30g，可獲得最佳的彩色蠶繭結繭成功率、均勻度較佳、耐褪色與耐洗滌等優點，並且可獲得表面結構光滑且較細的絲徑，約為19.87μm。相對的，一般色料粒徑為微米級，色彩度優於奈米色料，但表面結構較奈米色料粗糙且線徑較粗，約為21.51μm，易於褪色及不耐洗滌。 Because of the great progress of nano-technology, it has the quality of multi-functions to make use of nano-materials on industrial property. The purpose of this study is to find the best colored silkworm cocoons by mixing different consistency of pigments to feed silkworms. At the same time, this study wished to explore how the different consistency of pigments influenced the silkworm cocoons that the silkworms produced. Besides, in order to find the better association between pigments and Baume degrees, this study exposed the cocoons under different lights, washed with different detergents and take observations of micro-structure of the cocoons. The results of this study are as follows: using the nano-pigments 60 ml in different density, that is, red:1.048, blue:1.058, and yellow:1.039, then mixed them with silkworms’ forage 30g , in this way, best successful ratio to get colored cocoons, desired high visual effects in color, well distribution, long duration and strong resistance to detergents agents are obtained. In addition, we can still get glossy appearance and fine cocoons; the wire diameter is about the size of 19.87μm. On contrast, feeding with the ordinary pigments, the degree of colored silk is better than feeding with the nano-pigments, but the appearance of cocoons are rough and the wire diameter is about the size of 21.51μm.

高斯曾經提出八皇后問題：八個皇后在8 × 8 的棋盤上有幾種放法可以使任意兩皇后不會互相攻擊？我們在原來的問題上加上一些條件，改變皇后攻擊規則，使得皇后失去一條對角線的攻擊方向，稱之為「跛腳皇后」。我們稱一個在棋盤上放置最多跛腳皇后使其不互相攻擊的放法為好放法；研究跛腳皇后放置在各類棋盤上其好放法的個數和性質。我們分別在六種棋盤上做討論：（1） 在平面n x n 棋盤上，我們證明了其好放法與完美極致史考倫型數列之間的對應關係，並歸納出相關的性質和定理。（2） 在平面m x n 棋盤上，我們固定一邊長度n，做出n 較小時好放法數的通式；我們也將其好放法對應至廣義史考倫。（3） 在環面n x n 棋盤上，我們說明了其好放法與完全剩餘系排列之間的對應關係，並歸納出相關的性質和定理。（4） 在環面m x n 棋盤上，我們固定gcd（m,n），做出gcd（m,n）較小時好放法數的通式。（5） 在柱面n x n 棋盤上，我們證明其與環面n x n 棋盤等價，說明其好放法具有和環面n x n 棋盤好放法相同的性質和定理。（6） 在柱面m x n 棋盤上，分成左右柱面以及上下柱面來做討論。我們歸納出相關性質和定理；並固定一邊長度n，做出n 較小時好放法數的通式。Gauss had researched about putting eight queens on the chessboard on the way that doesn’t make any queen attacks another one. Thus, we added some rules on the question: the queen loses one diagonal attacking-way and become the “lame queen”. We call a way that doesn’t make any lame queen attacks another one “a good way”. We have been investigating the amount and properties of good ways based on six kinds of chessboard: （1）We found the correspondences between the “good way” on n × n plane chessboard and the Perfect extremal Skolem-type sequence, and concluded some associated properties and theorems. （2） On m× n plane chessboard, we fixed the length n of one side of the chessboard, and accomplished the amount of good ways when n is small. We also correspond the good way to the Generalized Skolem.（3）We found the correspondences between the “good way” on n × n torus chessboard and the arrayal of complete residue system, and concluded some associated properties and theorems.（4）On m× n torus chessboard, we fixed the gcd(m,n) （greatest common divisor of m and n）, and accomplished the amount of good ways when gcd(m,n) is small.（5）On n × n cylinder chessboard, we proved that this kind of chessboard is equal to torus chessboard. So the good ways, characters, and theorems on cylinder chessboard are the same as on the torus one.（6）On m× n cylinder chessboard, we separate it into two cases: left-right cylinder chessboard and up-down cylinder chessboard. We concluded some associated properties and theorems, and we also fixed the length n of one side of the chessboard and accomplished the amount of\r the good ways when n is small.

The main purpose of this study is to explore whether fruit flies (Drosophila melanogasters which background is 2U) can distinguish and memorize different colors and smells by learning. Futhermore, to find out the relation between age and learning ability, and analyze the influence of repeated training on how long the memory would last. According to our experiment, in smell training, the fruit flies are able to distinguish and memorize different smells, and young fruit flies have better memory than old flies. In color training, the fruit flies can distinguish and memorize different colors, but the effect was less than that of smell training. In intensive learning, proper times of learning increased the memory ability, but excessive learning exhibited an opposite effect. In the labyrinth experiment, we select and nurture the fruit flies having the best color memory in order to further understand the gene correlated with the memory learning. In addition, in one-time training, fruit flies are able to remember the smells and colors in four minutes, and young ones have the better ability. In six-time training, fruit flies have the ability to remember the smells and colors in twelve minutes. In the end, we hope you can know more about the learning and memory ability of fruit flies through our report. 本實驗主要探討果蠅是否可經由學習分辨、記憶顏色與氣味，並探討年齡與學習能力的相關性、分析多次訓練對記憶時間的影響。由實驗結果得知，氣味方面，果蠅有辨識記憶氣味的能力，以年輕果蠅的效果較佳；顏色訓練方面，果蠅亦可分辨記憶顏色；密集學習方面，適當學習次數內，有助於增加果蠅的記憶能力，但過度的學習刺激會降低學習效果。並且，我們選顏色訓練中記憶較佳的一組進行迷宮實驗，經三次的岔路選擇，選出對顏色記憶最佳的果蠅，希望能探討訓練過的果蠅子代能否有較優良的記憶。至於記憶時間方面，一次氣味學習，果蠅在四分鐘內皆有記憶，且年輕果蠅記憶效果較強，達六分鐘；另外，多次氣味學習，果蠅於第四次訓練效果最佳，且記憶能力可達十二分鐘。希望藉本實驗報告，以期更瞭解果蠅學習與記憶的資料。

受應力拉伸時，橡膠溫度明顯上升；縮放回原長，橡膠溫度驟降。由文獻得知橡膠內部具有特殊的鍵鍊結構，在一般的情況下，交鏈分子糾結成一團，狀態複雜；受外力拉伸時，交鏈分子依橡膠長度之增加而伸展，排列較為整齊，狀態之複雜度減小。根據熱力學第一定律，當內能變化為零，則外力作功會造成能量變化。在定溫之下，橡膠內能變化為零，當其受應力拉伸，使其內部交鏈分子排列複雜度降低，造成橡膠熵值減小，而有能量（dQ=TdS）的釋出。測量此一能量dQ 變化，即可計算出熵與狀態數之變化The temperature of rubber rises as it is stretched, its temperature comes back again while it restores to its original length. It is known that the rubber is consisted of long-chain molecules, the long-chain molecules strangle each other at normal state, however, they become more order when the rubber is stretched. Based on the 1st law of thermodynamics dU=dQ+dW, The deformation caused by applied force supplies energy to the rubber and reduce its entropy, the heat dQ (=TΔS) released by the reduction of entropy causes the temperature rise of rubber as dU=0. We report the study on the correlation of thermal properties and the molecular network in rubber, from the measurements of temperature change, the changes of entropy and the changes of states’ number were estimated.

由現有立體相機與人眼之差異發想，本研究架設模擬可調參數之雙相機系統，拍攝兩眼影像，並在偏光式立體顯示系統平台中，定義立體影像品質，如:合成難易、凸出程度、變形程度，並讓受測者評估，以俾找出立體影像品質影響因素。研究發現:透過視線三角形模型推算拍攝立體影像時，最佳鏡頭間距約為6公分，並得以預測與控制立體影像凸出螢幕之距離。我們得到最佳鏡頭間距與影像顯示距離，也發現可旋式鏡頭對變形的影響，並藉由人因工程的研究方法，利用受測實驗得到的結果與參數，建立了一個具有可旋式鏡頭的立體相機雛型，期許未來可將可旋式鏡頭之設計積體化，進而製成一具有最佳立體影像品質的實體相機。

IPNV 已是世界性分布的魚類病原體，其感染對象以鮭魚、?魚為主，但也在其他魚類分離出來，如鰻魚、吳郭魚、梭子魚、鱈魚、鱸魚、文蛤、泥鰍、虱目魚、香魚、金龍、石斑、等中皆曾發現IPNV之感染。足見此病毒廣泛地存在於魚貝類，常造成經濟魚貝類的重大損失。感染性胰臟壞死病毒之致病株，可造成魚類急性感染，而大量死亡。非致病株 ，不會造成大量死亡。國科會整合計劃之一其研究結果顯示，非致病株IPNV感染石斑魚死亡率只有10%，若病毒與重金屬同時存在時，會有55~92%死亡率; 在弧菌(Vibrio)與IPNV混合感染，亦有相似結果，此說明單一病毒感染魚貝類或單一環境因子，都不會造成大量死亡，但病毒和環境因子加在一起，引發大量死亡。所以對IPNV的防治是很重要的，所以針對病毒基因加以研究，IPNV是一種兩段雙股核糖核酸病毒，複製是在其細胞內的，但其團譯出的VP3中，已經證明與雙祋核糖核酸結合有關。近發現Michelle Donnelly及Gillain Elliott 的研究論文"Nuclear Localiziont and Shuttling of Herpes Simplex Virus Tegumnet Pretin"中，證明了HSV病毒所轉譯出的蛋白質VP13及VP14中，密集出現精胺酸(Arginine)的地方具有能將蛋白質帶入細胞核內的功能，而攜出細胞核的序列則有斷續的白胺酸(Leucine)出現。我們發現了傳染性胰臟壞死病毒(IPNV)病毒的轉譯出的VP3中也有能將蛋白質帶入或帶出細胞核的按基酸序列，故欲利用實驗證明是否有類似將蛋白質送進及送出的訊息，以便進一步探討VP3是否進入細胞核直接調控細胞核的某些功能。

本研究針對利吉惡地進行探討，研究此區之泥岩含水量、有機質含量、pH值、比重、可溶性陽離子含量、滲水特性和該區之植物種類，並探討坡度、水量對沖蝕率、山脊密度和溝痕形成之影響。 研究結果發現： 一、表層泥岩之含水率較高，深層泥岩最低。中層泥岩之有機質含量較高，表層與深層泥岩較低。各層泥岩pH值約8.1；無植被採樣點之 pH較高，有植被採樣點偏中性。有植被採樣點，其 Ca2+含量較高。 二、此區共發現十九種植物，其中銀合歡、相思樹屬優勢種。 三、坡度增加時，沖蝕率亦增加；水量增加時，沖蝕率、溝痕寬度也隨之增加，兩者呈高度正相關。第一區坡度較緩，山脊密度較大，第二區坡度較陡，山脊密度小，表面較平坦，溝痕較淺。Our research discusses with the contents of water in mudstone, the organic content, pH, the specific weight, the contents of dissoluble cation, dankness and the category of plants in Ligiligi Badland. Dissecting it`s slope, the abrasion of water, the density of mountain ridge and the formation of scuff mark. Outcome of our research： 1.Solum of mudstone is the dampest. Intermediate of mudstone has more organic content than others. Every bed of mudstone`s PH is 8.1. Having plants area is indifferent and having more Ca2+.2.We found nineteen categories of plants. For example Leucaena glauca and Taiwan acacia. 3.The more augmentation of gradient,the more increase of the abrasion of water and the breadth of the density and the abrasion of water too.

本研究以模擬實驗探討波浪在斜坡海灘上的行為。實驗在長1.8公尺、寬0.75公尺的透明水波槽中進行，以長0.90公尺、寬0.60公尺的木板在深水區產生單峰波向淺水區前進，同時以數位錄影機錄影後進行分析。結果發現單峰波由深水進入淺水，波速會變慢，但當波高對水深的比值增加到一定值時，波速隨水深變淺而變快，波高也變高。當比值繼續增加，波前方的水面形成垂直的水牆，接著波就碎了。如果坡度較緩，碎波點會離水岸線較遠，水牆維持的時間也較長。有趣的是，水波槽中的單峰波移動時，有蠕動現象，波寬會伸縮，波高會起伏，波速也會些微地忽快忽慢。 ;This study simulates the behavior of the wave on a sloping beach. Experiments are performed in a sloping wave tank. A paddle wave maker at the deeper end generates single crest waves. To analyze the wave height, speed and breaking point, a digital camera is used. The results show that when the wave moves toward the coast, the shallower the water is, the slower the wave moves. But when the ratio (wave-height/water-depth) exceeds a critical value, it turns out that when the water is shallower, the wave speed becomes faster and the wave height, higher. As the ratio keeps on increasing, the front part of wave becomes a vertical water-wall, and then breaks. If the slope is gentler, the breaking point will be farther from the coast and the water-wall will keep for a longer time. An interesting phenomenon is also found that a single crest wave squirms with slightly undulated changing of width, height, and speed while it propagates in the sloping wave tank.

This study analyzed how short-term solar activities interact with the earth atmosphere, by using two statistic methods: Diffusion Entropy Analysis (DEA), and Standard Deviation Analysis (SDA). Since solar activities influence the Earth atmosphere in its radiating heat and magnetic field, we use DEA and SDA to calculate the exponents, H and δ, of the scaling law in three time series: “the intensity of solar flare” (representing by SOLAR H-alpha flare index), “magnetic anomaly of magnetosphere” and “sea surface temperature anomaly”. The values of H and δ show the time memory and correlative relationship between the event and next event happening in time series. When H = δ = 0.5, events occur in random. When 0.5