熱線式渦流流量計
流量計在實驗室與工業領域裡是重要的儀器,如今已經有數十種依不同物理原理而發展出來的型式,可以配合多變的環境需求與測量條件而使用。然而,各種流量計所適用的範圍備受侷限。本研究主要目的在發展一種熱線式的渦流流量計,供給氣體之流量量測之用。透過自行製作儀器與設備:熱線測速儀(包括探針、探棒及電子處理器)和渦旋產生器(管道中含一三角形截面之鈍體,當流體通過時,在後方尾流產生週期性渦旋逸放)。由於熱線測速儀擁有偵測流體運動時高頻動態變化的能力(約為20000 Hz 以內),因此結合熱線測速儀與渦旋產生器,經適當的設計與調校,可以測得在不同流體流速時渦旋產生器的三角截面鈍體後方渦旋逸放的頻率。由於渦旋產生器的截面面積為固定值,因此可以從而計算出流量與渦旋逸放頻率的關係。經由嚴格的校準與驗證步驟,本研究的結果顯示自製的熱線測速儀擁有極佳的渦旋頻率偵測能力,所量測到的校準曲線顯示渦旋產生器的三角形截面柱所產生的渦旋逸放頻率與流量成線性關係。為了降低誤差,建議在0 ~ 40 CMM 之量測範圍內分成三條方程式來代表不同範圍內的校準曲線,最大誤差僅在5%以下。若需使用在不同的流量範圍時,僅需改變渦流產生器和幾何尺寸,以使渦旋逸放頻率適合於熱線測速儀的動態響應範圍即可。倘若商品化之後,可以實際應用於風扇流量量測、引擎進氣埠流量的測量等等應用。熱線測速儀本身也可作為風速計,適用於各種場合之風速量測。Flow meter is a instrument that is vital to the laboratory as well as the industrial related field. Based on different physical principles, tens of models that work in harmony with the diverse environmental demands and measurement conditions are developed to date. However, the application of varied flow meters is still under severe restriction. The purpose of this study is to develop a hot-wire type of vortex shedding flow meter for the use of flow rate measurement. Through the home-made apparatus and device, the hot-wire anemometer (includes probe, stem and electronic processor) and the vortex generator. (duct that contains triangle’s section of the bluff body. When fluid passes through, the wake behind produces periodical vortex shedding.) The ability of hot-wire anemometer when it detects the fluid moving changes of high-frequent movement is within 2000Hz, after appropriate design and adjustment, the combination of hot-wire anemometer and vortex generator may investigate the frequency of different flow rate that generated from the vortex shedding behind the bluff body of triangle section. The section area of vortex generator is constant value, thus it can calculate the relationship of flow rate and the frequency of vortex shedding. By means of strict calibration and test procedure, the results reveal that home-made hot-wire anemometer has excellent ability to detect the frequency of vortex shedding. The calibration curve indicates a linear relationship between the frequency of vortex shedding and flow rate. In order to reduce inaccuracy, it is suggested to classify three formulas to represent the flow rate that ranges from 0 ~ 40 CMM. The greatest inaccuracy is under 5%. When applied to different flow rate range, it only has to change the size of vortex generator only if the response frequency of hot-wire anemometer suit for the range of frequency of vortex generator. After commercialization, it can be applied to measure the flow rate of fans, flow rate of intake valve of engine, etc. Hot-wire anemometer also served as anemometer, which can be applied to wind velocity measurement in any situation.
黑棘蟻聚落的生物時鐘
This study is to investigate whether colony of the spiny-weaver ant, Polyrhachis dives, have biological clock so as to observe the locomotion activities of the ants in the nest and find out if the Light period will interfere the rhythm. The conclusion is the colony of the ants get the rhythm is 23.8 hours during in L:D=12:12.There are ants not significant difference between large colonies and small colonies. While in Dark (D:D)the ants appears free running with 23.1 hours as the rhythm, so, the colony of the ants has obvious light-rhythm movement, showing that the biological clock will act on group and being controlled by light period. 本研究是在探討黑棘蟻 (polyrhachis dives) 聚落是否有生物時鐘(biological clock),以觀察黑棘蟻在巢裡的活動情形,找出週期並探討光是否會影響週期。結果觀察出黑棘蟻 的聚落在有光的時候(L:D=12:12)以23.8 小時為週期,沒有光的時候(D:D)黑棘蟻仍呈現自由律動(free running),以23.1 小時為週期,所以黑棘蟻的聚落有明顯的日週律動,顯示生物時鐘能作用在聚落上,且受光週期之調控。
萬用虎鉗夾具
機械加工過程中往往遇到形狀複雜工件,無法用一般虎鉗夾持進行加工。若需加工複雜工件時,需使用V 形槽、壓枕……等等夾具加以輔助,但有些夾具根本無法夾持。若用特殊夾具需拆除原有之虎鉗,而且還必須校正,工作繁雜又浪費很多時間。 本設計之優點為不需更換虎鉗,直接放在虎鉗鉗口即可夾持不規則的物體,利用正向力的作用夾持而不打滑,輕易達到夾持時之穩定和足夠之夾持力,以達迅速、不需使用特殊夾具、不需再校正、可當平行塊之多功能夾具,使複雜形狀之工件加工簡單化、迅速化之設計。;When handling workpieces in complicated and irregular shape in the mechanical process, users are unable to make it with ordinary vises. V-block and clamping block might help, while some others do not work at all. In such cases, the user has to tear the vise apart and then do some correction, which is complicated and time-wasting. The strength of this design is that there is no need to replace the vise. The user just puts this device on the vise clamp to clamp the irregular object. The vertical clamping force makes the piece at work stable and allows no slipping. With this device, no special fixture or further correction is needed. It can also be used for a parallel block if necessary. In other words, as a fixture of multiple functions, the device makes the processing work simpler and more efficient than ever.