在機械系統中，物件表面常產生磨損，但重要物件的磨損將會危及系統的操作及安全。本研究建立了表面磨損自動偵測警告系統，該系統包含監測系統、無線射頻資料讀取器、被動式無線射頻識別標籤(tag)、及電磁波隔離層等，並採”故障觸發”之方式運作。亦即在物件之表面下特定深度埋設有被動式無線射頻識別標籤，但該標籤外層覆有一層隔離層可隔絕該射頻資料讀取器之電磁波。 當物件表面尚未被磨損到特定深度前，讀取器之電波無法穿透電磁波隔離層而激發無線射頻識別標籤，因此無法讀到識別標籤之信息，系統將判定物件磨損狀況良好。等該物件過度磨損時，會把該電磁波隔離層磨除掉，使讀取器之電波可激發無線射頻識別標籤，而讀取到識別標籤內含之信息，系統因此可判別哪一個物件已有嚴重磨損之狀況，而自動提出警告信號。由於使用被動式識別標籤及故障觸發方法，本系統具有體積小、免電池、免維護、成本低、誤判率低等優點。測試結果以車輛輪胎的磨損為對象，證實本系統可以即時有效的偵測到車胎之過度磨損，保障行車之安全。

依據拉午耳定律，在稀薄溶液的條件下，其熔點下降溫度△T恆與溶質之重量莫耳濃度Cm成正比，亦即△T=KfCm，Kf被定義為莫耳熔點下降常數。又前人實驗出，純水熔點亦會因侷限在孔洞中而下降，稱超冷水。探討論文後發現熔點下降量與孔徑有之關係，我們便思考水溶液在空間侷限下是否也會有類似現象？於是我們將不同濃度的葡萄糖水溶液置於孔洞中測量其熔點。實驗發現葡萄糖水溶液在固定的孔洞中，熔點亦隨溶質之莫耳濃度上升而下降，符合拉午耳定律。改變孔徑的大小，進一步發現莫耳熔點下降常數k會隨著孔徑縮小而增大。顯然水溶液的熔點可同時受到空間侷限與溶質的莫耳濃度所影響，因此加入葡萄糖後，水溶液除遵循拉午耳定律的影響外，又使其熔點進一步下降。如何將拉午耳定律從單純的溶質的莫耳濃度函數，推導含蓋侷限空間R因子的通一公式，亦即更廣義的拉午耳定律:△T=k(R)×Cm是本計劃的主要目標。

Adducin蛋白在細胞骨架的調節上扮演著重要的角色。然而，近來有許多研究指出，骨架蛋白也會出現在細胞核並參與轉錄調控，因此本研究的目的即在探討adducin蛋白是否會進入細胞核中，並參與轉錄調控或具有其他功能。在本研究中，我們將綠色螢光蛋白(GFP)標示的adducin質體DNA，利用轉染技術送入老鼠纖維母細胞株NIH3T3中表現。NIH3T3細胞原本並無adducin蛋白的表現，在共軛焦顯微鏡下觀察，野生型的GFP-adducin蛋白會表現於細胞核與細胞質中。由於adducin蛋白尾端序列攜有可能往核內運輸的訊號，於是將位在此一訊號中的離胺酸718及離胺酸719進行突變，結果發現此一突變株只能在細胞質中表現。此外，蛋白磷酸脢C(protein kinase C)已知能磷酸化adducin蛋白在絲胺酸716及絲胺酸726的位置，於是假設其磷酸化是否與其在細胞內的分布有關。將adducin的絲胺酸726置換成丙胺酸，並不影響其在細胞內的分布。然而將絲胺酸716置換成丙胺酸後，則完全只在細胞核中表現。由於adducin可分布於細胞核，因此我們懷疑adducin蛋白可能與細胞分裂有關，於是本研究利用流式細胞儀分析adducin轉染後NIH3T3細胞的細胞週期。流式細胞儀的分析結果顯示，攜有GFP-adducin或其突變株的細胞與未經轉染的NIH3T3細胞的細胞週期並沒有顯著差異。其次，為了避免因轉染的效率不高而造成統計上的誤差，我們利用顯微鏡追蹤技術觀察攜有GFP-adducin的細胞株，結果顯示攜有adducin突變株的NIH3T3細胞株仍能正常分裂。再者，因為adducin能與細胞骨架中的肌動蛋白結合，所以adducin不同的分布位置可能影響細胞附著與細胞展延的效率。細胞展延試驗的結果顯示，adducin及其突變株對細胞附著與細胞展延的效率並無明顯的影響。本研究的結果證明，adducin的確帶有往核內運輸的訊號，其在細胞質中的分布可能也同時受到絲胺酸716磷酸化的影響。然而adducin的功用似乎與纖維母細胞的分裂與展延無明顯的關聯性。Adducin, an actin binding protein, is known to play an important role in the regulation of the membrane cortical cytoskeleton. More and more evidence indicates that proteins involved in the cytoskeletal regulation could also reside in the nucleus and participate in gene regulation. Thus, the goal of this study is to examine whether adducin is expressed in the nucleus and involved in certain nuclear events. In this study, adducin and its various mutants were fused with green fluorescent protein (GFP) and transfected into mouse NIH3T3 fibroblasts which do not have endogenous adducin for monitoring their subcellular distribution under a laser scanning confocal microscope. The wild-type GFP-adducin was found to be present both in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm. The COOH-tail of adducin contains a motif analogous to the nuclear localization signal (NLS). Mutation of two lysine residues (lysine 718 and lysine 719) located within this motif abolished the nuclear localization of adducin. Moreover, adducin is known to be phosphorylated by protein kinase C at serine 716 and 726. Substitution of adducin serine 726 with alanine had no effect on its subcellular localization. In contrast, substitution of adducin serine 716 with alanine led to only nuclear expression. Nuclear localization of adducin renders it possible that adducin may be involved in the regulation of cell division cycle. For cell cycle analysis, flow cytometry was applied. The results of flow cytometry indicated that expression of adducin and its mutants in NIH3T3 fibroblasts did not affect their cell cycle progression. To further examine the effect of adducin on cell division, NIH3T3 cells transiently transfected by adducin were monitored by time lapse video microscopy. The video clearly showed that the cells with GFP-adducin underwent cell division to generate two daughter cells. Since adducin is well known to bind to actin and thereby regulate microfilaments, we wondered that expression of adducin in NIH3T3 cells might affect their adhesion and spreading onto extracellular matrix proteins. The results of cell spreading assays showed that adducin appeared not to affect cell spreading. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that the subcellular distribution of adducin is likely regulated by two signals, one is the nuclear localization signal and the other is the phosphorylation status of the serine 716. However, enforced expression of exogenous adducin in fibroblasts such as NIH3T3 cells does not alter their cell cycle or cell spreading on fibronectin.

長期以來，臨床研究發現酒精會影響人類胚胎的正常發育，但是其分子機 制尚不清楚。在本研究中利用RNA 定位雜交的方式觀察酒精對於胚胎發育過程 中shh、sox9a、sox9b、col2a1、hand2 的影響，發現這些基因的表現均會受到酒 精的抑制。這項結果顯示在胚胎發育過程中，酒精透過對上述基因的影響，造成 神經脊細胞減少，細胞遷移異常，以及干擾軟骨細胞分化的現象，進而造成頭骨 發育的嚴重缺陷。此外，實驗中亦發現生長激素在腦下垂體的表現亦受到酒精抑 制。這項研究的結果成功地從基因的層次深入了解胎兒酒精中毒症候群造成頭骨 畸形及生長遲緩的病理機制。 It was known that prenatal alcohol exposure may cause serious birth defects and developmental disabilities. The molecular mechanism of this fetal alcohol syndrome still remains unclear. As revealed by whole mount RNA in situ hybridization, it was shown that expression of a number of craniofacial cartilage-related genes, including shh, sox9a, sox9b, col2a1 and hand2, were all inhibited in zebrafish embryo by alcohol exposure. It suggests that alcohol exposure may result in reducing neural crest cell production, interfering neural crest migration, preventing chondrogenesis and eventually cause craniofacial defects. In addition, the transcriptional profile of pituitary hormones were investigated by RNA in situ hybridization. It appears that only growth hormone, but not prolactin and thyroid stimulating hormone, was inhibited by alcohol exposure. The reduction of growth hormone transcription was also confirmed by real time PCR. It also appears that the expression of upstream transcription factor pit1 and downstream target gene igf1 remains unchanged. It suggests that the reduction of gh transcription is mediated by a PIT1-independent pathway. The transcriptional profile of alcohol-exposed embryo was investigated by gene microarray analysis. It appears that the expression profiles of a number of development, cellular signaling, cell growth and apoptosis related genes have be affected by 1.5% alcohol treatment. It was noted that a number of retinal-specific genes were all repressed significantly. It consists with histochemical observation that alcohol exposure results in loss lamination and disturbed differentiation. This study help us understanding the molecular mechanism of fetal alcohol syndrome.

本研究開發以天然資材為原料之綠色微型微生物燃料電池。電池以碳紙為陰陽極，陽極槽以酵母菌對葡萄糖之厭氣氧化反應，陰極則塗佈有葉綠素鐵傳遞電子，以催化氧氣的還原反應，使電之進行，成功的以修飾中心金屬離子後的葉綠素取代傳統微生物燃料電池使用的金屬卟啉類化合物。實驗發現，陽極以每克酵母菌溶以1.5mL的葡萄糖液進行氧化，將葉綠素鐵0.1g塗佈於陰極，並加入純水，曝於自然光，即可有效增加微生物燃料電池電壓，電壓可達0.62 V，與典型的燃料電池在全額負載下可產生的 0.5 - 0.8 V 相當，顯示出所開發的微型微生物燃料電池是具有應用潛力。為了提升所開發電池的實用性，將微生物燃料電池微型化設計便於攜帶及未來直接結合植物光合作用之組合，同時發展不需使用具毒性之電子傳遞介質的陽極反應，使能連續從植物光合作用取得葡萄糖作為燃料的可行性。本研究所開發的微型微生物燃料電池構造簡單，所使用的酵母菌、葡萄糖、葉綠素及氧氣等資材皆可於自然界取得，符合永續經營與綠色能源的目的。未來結合直接採用植物光合作用產生之葡萄糖為燃料來發電，更可發展為就地使用完全無污染的綠色植物太陽能源。

「小戴教練」是我們利用馬達及車輪自製的羽球練球機。一次可裝載60顆球，射程可達到6公尺，而且能左右掃射。我們利用tracker運動軌跡軟體進行分析，以真人教練餵球訓練時所發出的球路進行對照 。改變射球的快慢、角度、強度、找出小球、挑球、平球、長球等不同球路模式。最具獨創性的是「小戴教練」的製作不需要寫程式，而是以滾輪及滑梯達到有效送球，資源回收的材料及簡易的機器組裝方式可讓其他同學們自行仿製。研究團隊在製作過程中不斷測試練打，雖然無真人羽球教練，但我們鼓起勇氣全員代表學校首次參加108學年度臺北市教育盃羽球錦標賽，訓練過程中，證實「小戴教練」羽球練球機實用又好玩。

如果n-1 個正四面體在n 個面的多面體棋盤中翻轉(如：正八面體、正二十面體、五邊雙菱錐及三角錐台棋盤)，則正四面體相互之間會受到很多限制。本研究為探討n-1 個正四面體在n 個面的多面體棋盤中，利用其翻轉的特性，翻轉至相鄰空格，進而完成：1. 每個正四面體的底面及側面均能「同色共面」。2. 在滿足以上的兩個條件下做「數字排序」。3. 探討每個遊戲在各階段是否有解的情形。最後，將遊戲推廣至正八面體在多面體棋盤中的翻轉。If n-1 pyramids can turn in the chessboard of n planes pyramids (ex: 8 planes pyramid, 20 planes pyramid, 5 sides bi rhombus pyramid and triangular pyramid chessboard) there are lost of restrictions between these pyramids. This research is discussing about the n-1 pyramids in the chessboard of n planes multi pyramid, which have the peculiarity of turn that can turn to nearby space. We found that: 1. Each pyramid’s button plane and aide plane can be “same plane same color”. 2. Matching about 2 conditions then can do “order by numbers”. 3. Search for answers of each levels in each game. Finally, the game will be propagated to eight planes pyramid can turn on the chessboard of multi pyramid.

正方形兩條對角線的交點（即中心點）距四頂點等長，也與四邊等距。如果將正方形的頂點比擬成它的「手」，兩對角線的交點當成它的「心」，則兩個正方形頂點間、中心點間、或頂點與中心點間的線段相連（或重合），就如同「手」或「心」彼此相連。本文即探索當多個正方形間「心手相連」時，衍生圖形間的面積關係。而四個正方形中某幾個頂點相接（邊未重疊），恰圍出兩個三角形的圖形則是本內容討論圖形的主體架構，我們以此架構向外作出「層出不窮」的正方形，再配合中心點連接成四邊形，將推導出這些四邊形與基準正方形（Reference Square）間的面積關係。In a square, the lengths from the intersection point （center point） of two diagonal lines to the four apexes are the same, and so are they from that point to the four sides. If the apexes are “hands” and the intersection point of two diagonal lines is the “heart” of a square, the connection or overlap of two squares’ apexes and apexes, center point and center point, or apexes and center points is just like the connection of hands with hearts. In this article, hence, we are to explore the relation in area of derivative graphs formed by several squares connected “heart in hand.” When some apexes of four squares are overlain without sides overlapped, two triangles are created. And that’s the theme we are going to discuss. Furthermore, we extend the operation to infinitely overlain squares and frame out quadrangles referring to the center points of some squares. Then, the relation in areas of these overlapped squares and the Reference Square would be deduced.

黑板的使用會造成粉筆灰的累積、飄散，目前雖有標榜無灰的黑板產品，但依舊無法在一般校園間普及，因此本研究希望能提出一個實用的改善方法。我們從擦拭黑板的落塵情形一路測試到實際的書寫，證實了傳統在擦拭時有54.91%的粉筆灰被板擦吸附、40.19%散佈在環境，其中只有11.25%掉落在板溝附近，這也使得環境中的PM2.5濃度上升3.5倍，利用本研究開發的水擦板擦擦拭時飄落的粉筆灰僅有1.09%，大幅減少了落塵的情形，並且以濕抹布加刮刀的方式擦拭，相較於不使用刮刀的組別字跡清晰1.5倍，甚至比一般板擦的字跡清楚20%，本研究證實了新開發的水擦板擦可以適用於校園中的黑板，能有效減少擦黑板所產生的落塵、增加書寫時的清晰度，是改善教室環境的新利器。

In this experiment, we hope to produce appropriate-sized nano particles of by using the chitin. By mixing the particles with the metal of Ti, Fe and Zn of proper proportions and therefore narrow their band gaps. Thus, the Bacteriostasis of LightPhotocatalysts could appear under the environment where the energy is lower than ultraviolet ray. We use de-acetylated chitin in three ways -- chelating agent, surfactant and protecter. Then we put a thin layer of the mixture of chitin and metal nano particles on a piece of glass, and afterwards, sintering the mixture on the glass. Next, we scan the surface of the glass with AFM(Atomic Force Microscopy) to measure its particle size. The result we got showed that the surface-roughness of the Ti-Fe nano particles was 30.642nm, the best solution of all the samples. Yet, in this experiment, Fe was not suitable. Therefore we should choose the sample of Ti-Zn mixture, which is slightly smaller in roughness. According to the result we got from the experiment, we found that, under the yellow light, the survivable strain-number ratio of the sintered Ti-Fe-Zn mixture on the glass and empty glass was 0.09±0.06. This was much better than the survivable strain-number ratio of 0.17±0.06, the result we got out from the glass of pure Ti and empty glass. From the measurement, we found that the proportion of mixture could lower the excitation energy Ti needs. Through this experiment, we hope to create a layer of film containing nano particles, and by applying it to daily-use products, we could prevent harmful bacteria. 本實驗的目的，就是希望可以利用幾丁質製作出適當粒徑大小的金屬奈米顆粒，混合適當比例的鈦、鐵、鋅金屬，使其能隙變窄，讓我們能在低於紫外光能量的光譜下，產生奈米光觸媒的抑菌效果。筆者在實驗中利用去乙醯化之幾丁質在本實驗中扮演三種角色:螯合劑、介面活性劑及保護劑，以將幾丁質與金屬奈米顆粒均勻塗抹於玻璃上，並以燒結玻璃的方式進行實驗。並且利用AFM掃描玻璃表面，確認其表面尺度，驗證的結果Ti-Fe混合比例的奈米顆粒之表面粗糙度為30.642nm，為最佳狀態，但在本實驗中Fe並不適用，故應以粗糙度僅次於Ti-Fe的Ti-Zn混合比例為主。根據實驗的結果，在綠光下，混合比例的Ti-Fe-Zn玻璃與空白玻璃的菌落數比，菌落存活率為0.09±0.06，相較於純Ti的0.17±0.06來的低，代表混合比例可降低Ti所需之激發能量。經過此實驗未來筆者希望可以以幾丁質製作出一層含奈米顆粒的薄膜，應用到各種生活用品防止細菌的危害。