臺灣

The purpose of the research is to investigate the settling mode of the viscid micro-particle, such as the ones from the “Miso Soup”, in static liquid. We constructed the “constant temperature environment” by constant temperature trough and transparent glass trough. The data is gathered from pictures captured from DV and then analyzed by Media Player. We did a stability test prior to the start of the experiment and found the system with good stability. The results of the experiment are as followed: 1. The settling mode can be divided into four phases: (a) Initial accelerated phase (b) Maximum phase (c) Gradually decelerated phase (d) Stationary phase. 2. The lower the fluid concentration is in the fixed temperature: a. the faster its settling interfaces appears; and the deeper it becomes for the depth of its settling interface. b. the faster the maximum sedimentation rates of the settling interface becomes and the slower it appears. 3. At the fixed concentration, the higher temperature: a. has the bigger maximum sedimentation rates of the settling interface b. gets to the stationary phase sooner c. has shallower stationary settling interfaces d. the time when the settling interface appears is independent with the temperature 4. The shape of the container has no effect on the settling mode as the settling interface is always perpendicular to gravity field. 5. If we add salt into the liquid, the stationary settling interfaces of the result will be higher than non-added ones.本研究的目的在於探討味噌這樣的微小黏性顆粒，在靜止液體中的沈澱模式。運用恆溫槽與透明玻璃水槽所建構之恆溫環境透過數位攝影機，以電腦播放軟體於特定時間擷取畫面進行分析。在正式實驗前，進行了穩定性試驗，發現穩定性良好。實驗的結果發現：一、 沈降模式：可以分為四個時期，分別為（一）起始加速期（二）高峰期（三）逐漸穩定期（四）完全靜止期。二、 在固定溫度下，溶液濃度越低：(一) 出現沈降交界面的時間越短且穩定距離距液面越深。(二) 沈降面沈降速率最大值越大且出現的越晚。三、 在固定濃度下，溶液溫度越高：(一) 沈降面沈降速率最大值越大。(二) 沈降交界面完全靜止期出現的時間越短，也就是越快達到穩定。(三) 沈降交界面的穩定距離距液面越淺。(四) 沈降面沈降速率最大值出現的時間與溶液的溫度無關。四、 容器內部的形狀與沈降面的沈降行為並沒有影響，都是成與重力場垂直的水平線沈降。五、 添加食鹽之後最終穩定沈降面比同濃度同溫度的高了許多。表示添加了食鹽對於味噌溶液有阻止沈澱的效果。

一般人從小就知道如果要判斷西瓜有無成熟，只要用手輕拍瓜皮，利用聲音的特性就可以知道西瓜是否成熟，此技術看起來容易，卻需有多年經驗之西瓜商始可為之。本研究利用拍擊西瓜所造成之聲音進行非破壞性音波檢測，來探討西瓜之成熟度。換言之，本研究希望在依照西瓜商拍擊的習慣下，從客觀的科學角度，探討存在於西瓜商手上「聽音辨瓜」的奧秘。由研究結果得知，西瓜的拍聲在頻譜中可分為三個頻區，即西瓜殼所造成的高頻區，水及含水量高的果肉所形成的中頻區，及由空洞及含水量低的果肉所造成的低頻區，而西瓜商就是藉由這三種音頻所表現出的綜合效果進行判斷。The method, tapping the watermelon rind and listening to the sound, has been often used to judge whether the watermelon is mature or not. Although it is not difficult to tap the rind of a watermelon, it is not so easy to have a correct judgment of the maturity just from the sound you heard, unless you are an experienced watermelon farmer. In order to investigate the secret that the farmers have, this research detects and analyzes the sound of tapping watermelons in an objectively scientific way. According to the experimental results, the sound could be approximately partitioned into three regions in the frequency spectrum, denoted as high-frequency, mid-frequency, and low-frequency regions. The high-frequency region and mid-frequency region are resulted from the hard solid rind and the juicy flesh of a watermelon, respectively. As for the low-frequency region, it comes from the vacant holes or flesh with little amount of water. Based on the experiment, it can be concluded that the maturity of a watermelon can be correctly judged from the combination of these three frequency regions, just like the farmer’s method.

本研究設計一新型的影像投射系統，可將影像顯示的灰度位元加倍，例如，顯示面板只需用4位元，即可顯示8位元的影像;亦能充分利用光路光源，增加光源使用率。此系統使用兩片相同灰度位元的顯示面板，此兩面板所顯示的影像經過灰度的重新處理，且各經由不同光源強度比值的光路合成後，其灰度分佈將可增為原來的平方倍。經模擬與實驗顯示，此種系統很輕易就能獲得預期目標。無論使用穿透式或反射式皆可應用於目前單片液晶面板之投影系統中;未來可望利用網板來表現灰度，應用於紅外線景物投射系統中，作為紅外線影像式尋標器靜態模擬時所需的高強度動態範圍與高解析度之影像產生器。In this study, a novel image generator utilized in a projecting system has been proposed; it can double the bits of gray-level for image display and enhance the efficiency of illumination of lamp in the optical path. With this system, a 4-bit display panel can achieve an 8-bit image display. Two display panels with same gray-level bits is adopted, images on them will be processed, and then go through different path with a proper intensity ratio. The gray level distribution of image displayed which the two images combined afterward, will be the square of that of original one. The results of simulations and experiments have approved to meet the requirements. No matter transmitting or reflective types can be applied to current projecting systems with single LCD panel. It is expected that a halftone-gray-level pattern will be suitable for this system to form an infrared scene projector, and to act as an image generator with high dynamic range and resolution for static simulation of infrared imaging seeker.

在本次實驗中，我們發現在不同厚度的磁流體薄膜中，會因本身磁性粒子結合，而呈現不同的影像圖形。隨著薄膜厚度增加，其磁性粒子會由鏈狀排列成塊狀叢集，可是一旦外加磁場後，又要全部轉向磁力線方向集結。另一個發現是將磁流體薄膜放在一個不均勻的磁場梯度中，則樣品內的磁流體粒子，不僅會隨著磁力線的方向排列移動，更會出現磁流波紋，其行進路徑是沿著垂直於磁力線的方向，向磁力線密集處移動。我們亦發現在不同的薄膜厚度及不同外加磁場下，其”磁流波紋”的波速亦會隨之改變。一般而言，樣品的厚度愈厚，或外加磁場愈大，其”磁流波紋”的波速愈快，反之則愈慢。最後，我們列出了一些磁流波紋的應用，相信是精采可期！In this experiment, we find that in different thickness of magnetic fluid different images will appear, because of the connection of magnetic particles. With the increasing of thickness the magnetic particles will change its shape from chains to blocks. But when we add external magnetic field, they will get in line one by one to the direction of magnetic line of force. We also find that we put the magnetic fluid film in the uneven magnetic gradient, the magnetic particle in the sample not only follow the direction of magnetic line of force but also show the “magnetic wave”. Its move path is perpendicular to the direction of magnetic line of force. In the different film thickness of magnetic field, the wave velocity of the “magnetic wave” will change. In generally, the thicker the sample is, or the larger the magnetic field is, the faster the wave velocity of magnetic wave is and adverse is true. At last, we list the applications of “magnetic wave”, we believe they are marvelous!

微型RNA是最近發現的小RNA，調控生物體內的反應，包括生長、細胞分化、對抗病毒…等。植物利用RNA干擾 (RNAi) 或過敏反應 (HR) 對抗病毒感染。有趣的是，miR168可藉由降解mRNA或抑制轉譯，調控阿拉伯芥AGO1的表達，而AGO1是RNAi的一個重要元件。miR398則調控銅鋅超氧化物歧化? (CSD1, CSD2) 的表達，而CSD1, CSD2負責產生過氧化氫去引發細胞凋亡 (cell apoptosis)。帶有竹嵌紋病毒 (BaMV) 全長基因的轉殖菸草 (Nicotiana benthamiana) 品系27-17是我們的研究材料。27-17的幼葉不具病徵，隨著葉子的生長，病徵會漸漸變嚴重。我發現被病毒感染時，植物會提高AGO1的表達，使RNAi更有效率。然而，病毒藉提高miR168使AGO1的量無法上升。植物亦可提高CSD1, 2 mRNA的量，促進細胞凋亡。病毒卻會引發miR398降解CSD2 mRNA。在病毒力價高的葉子中，雖然CSD2 mRNA降低且miR398升高，植物仍可大量提高CSD2蛋白的量。CSD1 mRNA沒有被miR398負調控，詳細原因仍有待研究。

目的：紫色桿菌（Chromobacterium sp.）是一種生活在土壤及水域環境的革蘭氏陰性菌，它會產生紫黑色的紫色桿菌素（Violacein），因而使菌體與培養液皆呈紫色。Violacein是一種由兩個L-色胺酸（L-tryptophan）分子所聚合成的五環化合物，已被證實具有抗菌以及抑制腫瘤細胞生長的活性。本實驗的目的在探討紫色桿菌是否會利用不同官能基的L-色胺酸，合成不同的Violacein衍生物，並分析這些Violacein衍生物的生物活性。方法：將紫色桿菌培養於液態LB培養基中，分別加入不同濃度的L-tryptophan、1-CH3-L-tryptophan與5-OH-L-tryptophan，於室溫下培養48小時，再用乙酸乙酯萃取Violacein及其衍生物，將萃取出來的紫色桿菌素，用紫外光/可見光分光光譜計和質譜儀進行分析。最後，再將這些萃取物打入斑馬魚受精卵做胚胎毒性測試，並進行試管外DNA剪切能力分析。結果：加入不同官能基的L-色胺酸所合成的產物都是紫色，且在紫外光/可見光的光譜中的最大吸收波長皆相同，質譜儀分析結果則顯示，L-tryptophan 、與5-OH-L-tryptophan的產物圖譜不同、而1-CH3-L-tryptophan的產物則無法分析。斑馬魚胚胎毒性測試結果顯示，Violaecein和1-CH3-Violacein 不會對胚胎發育造成影響，但是5-OH-Violacein則會造成胚胎發育異常。DNA 剪切能力測試也顯示，只有5-OH-Violacein具有剪切DNA的能力，其他則否。重要性：本實驗成功地利用紫色桿菌合成Violacein及其衍生物，並發現了5-OH-Violacein比Violacein 具有更高的生物活性。;Aims: Chromobacterium sp. is a Gram negative bacterium which inhabit in soil and water environments. Chromobacterium produce a purple color compound named Violacein. This colorful compound makes Chromobacterium and its culture mediumin purple color. Violacein is a five rings compound synthesized from two L-tryptophan molecules. Studies have shown that Violacein has anti-bacteria and anti-tumor activities. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether Violacein can be synthesized from different tryptophan analogues, and whether these Violacein derivatives have different bioactivities. Materials and Methods: Chromobacterium sp. was cultured in liquid medium containing different concentrations of L-tryptophan, 1-CH3-L-tryptophan, and 5-OH-L-tryptophan. After 48 hours incubation at room temperature, Violacein and its derivatives were extracted by EA, analyzed by UV/visible spectrophotometer and MS. Violacein and its derivatives were also tested for their embryo toxicity and DNA cleavage activity in vitro. Results: The compounds synthesized from different tryptophan analogues were all purple and have the same maxima absorption wave length in the UV/visible spectra. However, MS spectra of compounds synthesized from L-tryptophan and 5-OH-L-tryptophan were different. The results of zebrafish embryo toxicity tests indicated that violaecin and 1-CH3-Violacein had no effect on embryo development, but 5-OH-Violacein caused development defects. DNA cleavage tests also showed that only 5-OH-Violacein could digest DNA in vitro. Violaecin and 1-CH3-Violacein could not digest DNA. Significances: Results from this study indicate that Chromobacterium sp. can be used to synthesize Violacein derivatives from different tryptophan analogues, and revealed that 5-OH-Violacein is a higher bioactivity compound than violaecein.

本實驗合成之奈米銀粒子產物分為水溶液與固態形式。奈米銀粒子水溶液態製造方法以多芽基之檸檬酸根離子當保護劑，再以NaBH4 還原生成奈米銀粒子。而固態形式之奈米銀粒子是先以四級銨鹽界面活性劑當保護劑，經過NaBH4 還原生成奈米銀粒子水溶液後，再用二氧化矽包覆奈米銀粒子，藉由高溫燒去保護劑，得到含奈米銀粒子之二氧化矽分子篩材料。 將含奈米銀粒子之二氧化矽分子篩材料產物浸在純水中，除了不會改變水溶液性質外，又能以分子篩通透的特性，讓奈米銀漸進地釋放出銀離子，而達到長效性抗菌效果。 至於具抗菌性棉衫或濾網的製作，則採直接浸泡在奈米銀粒子水溶液中的方法，使奈米銀粒子吸附於上，針對上述實驗非常成功，洗滌超過十次且放置時間長達一個月以上，其抗菌效果仍佳，表示此簡易法製成的棉衫或濾網具有長效性的抗菌功效，為本研究重大突破。 奈米銀粒子對環境的影響是利用黑殼蝦來測試，控制適當奈米銀粒子濃度，使黑殼蝦能生存，亦可達到水中殺菌的效果。本實驗為首次針對奈米銀粒子對環境影響的測試並獲得重大的成果。;In this study, two Ag nanoparticles samples including Ag nanoparticles in aqueous solution and in solid form were prepared. The Ag nanoparticles aqueous solution readily obtained from reduction of AgNO3 aqueous solution with NaBH4solution in the presence of the sodium citrate as protecting agent. To prepare the Ag nanoparticles@porous silica sample, cationic alkyltrimethylammonium surfactant was used as the protecting agent of Ag nanoparticles and template of the porous silica. The Ag nanoparticles@porous silica was synthesized via reduction by NaBH4, silicification in silicate solution and calcination for the removal of surfactant. When adding the Ag nanoparticles@porous silica, the property of the aqueous solution was not changed. In addition, the Ag+ ion was gradually released from the accessible silica matrix to achieve a long-lasting effect on anti-bacteria. To prepare anti-bacteria clothes and sieves, these objects were soaked in Ag nanoparticles aqueous solution. The Ag nanoparticles were spontaneously absorbed into the clothes and sieves. The anti-bacteria efficiency of the Ag-nanoparticles containing clothes and sieves still remains even after ten-time washing and a period of time longer than one month. These worthy results indicate that this synthetic method provides a simple way to prepare the long-lasting Ag-nanoparticles containing clothes and sieves for anti-bacteria application. To investigate the influence of the Ag nanoparticles on the environment, shrimps are used as testing objects. With a well control on the Ag nanoparticles concentration, the shrimps survived well and the bacteria content was reduced. It is the first time to have testing result about the effect of the Ag nanoparticles on the environment. Thus, this is the most remarkable achievement in our experiments.

一般學生對於學校課程學習的負擔，再加上對本身的自信心不足，往往導致學生自己所「背」的東西不是十分確信是否有真正記進腦中，也常常困擾著他們。因此，引發本小組想設計一個可以自我評測且可以立即得到成績的輔助學習機;在研究過程中，本小組設計記憶學習機不但可以做到使用者自我評測的功能，還可以讓使用者馬上得到檢測的結果並且使用者可以回顧先前成績欄紀錄;記憶學習機經過本小組組員的辛苦孕育下誕生，本小組便拿著「它」讓班上同學認識，雖然「它」不是同學心中的最佳主角，但是同學卻一致認定「它」是『最佳伴讀夥伴』。本作品主要功能有:1．能調整使用者所要求的測試時問。2．該作品能記憶此次測試成績，以便和下次相互比較。3．依使用者的需求選擇中文、英文、數字及遊戲模式做記憶訓練。4．能有立即性的成效及回饋。 Due to the pressure of courses and lack of confidence, many students are often not sure of what they have recited on a lesson previously, which in turn always disturbs and cut down learning confidence of students. To eradicate the obstacles they encounter, we decide to research into this topic. A memory-based learning-aided machine is designed for students to self-evaluate themselves and to get the feedback at once. In the process of development, the memory-based learning-aided machine not only lets users practice the exercise of their own, but also is able to derive the outcomes immediately and retrieve the previous records effectively and efficiently. We strive to make this learning-aided machine at its best performance as possible as we can. Besides, the memory-based learning-aided machine provides the alternatives for the users to answer the question in a way that they like. For example, users can answer questions in English mode, can choose the limit time into test themselves in a time. In addition, the system can expand its material by inputting data into the knowledge base. By our group members' lasting efforts, the learning-aided machine was created, finally. According to the result of experiment that we applied to the classmates, we conclude that the memory-based learning-aided machine is the best assistant and learning partner for the students. We would like to introduce it to classmates and hope they will be interested in using it to enhance their learning motivation and performance.

源自於Thinking Mathematically這本書的一道題目, 關於正方形的切割問題：將一個正方形切成不重疊的正方形, 所得的個數就可被稱作NICE(好的), 問有哪些數是NICE數？ 在平面的正方形切割的問題, 透過分割技巧, 我們得出了重要的結果：除了2、3、5以外的自然數都是NICE數, 並推導出：若k為NICE數, m為自然數, 則k+3m為NICE數。我們將問題推廣至立方體：將一個正方體切成不重疊的正方體, 所得的個數就可被稱作very NICE(非常好的), 問有哪些數是very NICE數？我們也得出重要的結果：大於47的自然數皆為very NICE數, 並推導出：若 是very NICE數, 且m是自然數, 則k+7m為very NICE數。

我們先假設有一正方體及一截過正方體之平面，並設正立方體為一k*k*k 之立體。為計算平面截過之單位正立方體個數，我們必須先分別計算各層被切過之個數再將之相加，因此將各層面投影至同一平面，簡化為平面上之問題，並討論其性質／規律，計算平面截此正立方體之個數。如此，便可以一般化數學式計算平面截正立方體個數之問題。接著，用以上方法為基礎，討論各種平面切正立方體之類型，將被平面所截之單位立方體個數以電腦程式算出，觀察數字變化及其性質規則，並找出最大值發生之條件。 We initially supposed that there are a regular hexahedron consists of unitary n × n cubes and a plane which incises the regular hexahedron. To calculate the total number of the unitary cubes incised by the plane, we can first calculate them layer by layer and then sum them up. And further, we project each layer on the same plane, so the three-dimensional problem is simplified into two-dimension. By making use of the character which results from projection, we can easily calculate the number of the unitary cubes incised. Consequently, we are able to calculate them with a general equation. Afterward, we research each circumstance that the plane incises the regular hexahedron on the base of the mentioned methods. Calculate them with self-designed computer programs, and observe the regulation and change of the result. Furthermore, we can find out when it will achieve the maximum.