臺灣

安非他命的濫用在台灣是非常嚴重的公眾健康及社會問題。安非他命會導致一連串的行\r 為異常，包括在中腦紋狀體內釋放多巴胺及阻止多巴胺回收來增加使用者的活動力。由於安\r 非他命會對腦細胞造成傷害，本研究的目的為探討低劑量、無立即毒性之安非他命(類似於人\r 類使用習慣)於短期內是否會對老鼠大腦紋狀體內的蛋白質表現有影響。因此利用西方點墨法\r 分析施打低劑量安非他命(2 到6 mg/kg)約一星期之後，C57BL6 小鼠的大腦紋狀體中一些重\r 要蛋白質[包括腺?酸受體A2A-R、第五亞型腺?酸環化?AC5、caspase-8、PARP、NF-κB\r 及血紅素加氧?-1(HO-1)]的表現是否有改變。實驗結果顯示，低劑量安非他命處理對大部分\r 蛋白質的表現並沒有明顯的差異，但在施打安非他命老鼠之大腦紋狀體中，HO-1 有些微但明\r 顯的增加，顯示安非他命可能對腦組織產生氧化性傷害。因此長期使用安非他命對中腦紋狀\r 體是否造成傷害是值得關心及繼續探討的課題。The wide spreading use of amphetamine (AMPH) in Taiwan has become a serious\r public health and social problem. AMPH evokes a series of behavior abnormality including\r enhanced locomotor behavior by releasing dopamine and inhibiting dopamine-uptake in the\r striatum. Since AMPH is known to cause brain damage, the purpose of this study is to\r investigate the expression of several important proteins in the mouse striatum after\r treatment with low and non-toxic dosages of AMPH for a short period (mimicking the\r common usage pattern of humans). C57BL6 mice were daily IP-injected with various doses\r of AMPH (0 to 6 mg/kg) for one week. Expression levels of adenosine receptor A2A-R,\r adenyl cyclase type 5,caspase-8, PARP, NF-κB and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the\r striatum were analyzed by Western blotting technique. Most proteins examined were not\r affected by the 1-week AMPH treatment, except HO-1. A slight but significant increase of\r HO-1 by AMPH treatment indicated that AMPH may cause oxidative damage in brain.\r These results suggest that the injury induced by long-term AMPH exposure warrants our\r further concerns and investigation.

紙杯底部用蠟燭燻出碳黑，經數位相機閃光拍攝後會聽到爆鳴聲。探討的結果為爆鳴聲是由相機的閃光與碳黑之間的互動所引起，甚且到冒煙程度。\r 探討結果得到爆鳴聲大小會受電場、溼度的影響而且碳黑量愈多，電子傳遞路徑會縮短、導電性則增高，且與產生的電量接近線性關係。\r 發現波長較短的可見光可形成較多的電荷；若照度大、受照射面積大或碳黑的粒徑小，這些會產生較多的電量。\r 經由電顯及AFM圖可知去漬油、蠟燭、瓦斯、95汽油、酒精燃燒後產生的碳黑，大小範圍都是在30nm~100nm範圍內。將蠟燭碳黑接受不同次數的閃光後，看出表面碳粒會變成灰燼。

本研究主題是要探討以電解質作為電介質之電容器的放電情況及電容值。作者在電容器的兩極板中，灌入電解質溶液，作為電介質，發現確實能使電容值大增。作者再以不同電解質和外加磁場為變因，作出以下研究,以深入了解電容和電解質溶液的關係。The main idea of this topic is to explore the amount of capacitance with electrolyte as dielectrics. The authors poured electrolyte solutions into the polar plate of capacitor and found the amount of capacitance increased. Then the authors used the different kinds of electrolyte and added magnetic field as changing factors. Authors performed the following research to deeply find out the correlations between capacitance and electrolyte solutions.

若從一個三角形的外接圓上取一點，作其對三角形三邊的垂足，我們知道這三點共線，是為西姆松線。\r 那麼當此點不在圓周上的情形呢？自平面上一點對一三角形的三邊分別做垂線，得到三垂足，並作此三垂足的外接圓，我定義其為：此點對此三角形的西姆松圓。這篇作品主要成果便是對西姆松圓的研究。透過不斷的研究，發現了許多關於西姆松圓的神奇性質，並得到了一些結果，主要的研究方向：討論共點、共圓、相似。\r 這篇報告是循序漸進的，後面的結果常用到前面的知識為基礎。此篇另一特點是：全篇的證明皆是自已給出的，採用方法皆為一般幾何證明，而沒有用到解析證明。\r 在研究過程中也得到關於著名的費爾巴哈定理及大上茂喬定理的另一種證明。

從小我們就很喜歡玩史萊姆，又黏又Q的史萊姆除了可以當玩具紓壓之外，還可以有什麼其他生活應用呢？查了相關文獻和資料之後，我們找出史萊姆的原料：聚乙烯醇與硼砂水，同時，測試史萊姆的黏性、作為冰敷袋的效果，以及清潔鍵盤的效果等實驗。在黏性實驗中，五種聚乙烯醇的表現皆有所差異。在冰敷袋實驗方面，史萊姆做成的冰敷袋可以增加受傷部位冰敷的時間，且沒有漏水的問題。在清潔鍵盤上，大部分史萊姆可以達到清潔鍵盤表面與隙縫，而且沒有殘膠的效果。

For this research, the nocturnal perching habits of the lizard, Japalura Polygonata Xantbostona, were examined. Nighttime observations were made from July 2002 to March 2003 in the area along the mountain brook in the south valley of the King-Mien Mountain in Nei-Hu District. The study comprised a series of analysis with discussion of the lizard’s (Japalura Polygonata Xantbostona) perch based on the temperature of living environment and the manner of perch including the dissimilarity between male and female, adults and juvenile lizards in selecting their perch conditions. During the period of study 452 lizards were marked and examined. 163 were female, 168 were male, and 121 were young lizards. The study considered four particulars: (1) orientation, (2) angle, (3) manner of perch, and (4) height of the perch above ground. As for the orientation, most of the lizards chose to perch in an inward (towards the tree) and in an upward direction; the angle of perch was mainly within 1°~ 45° and slanted to 180°. Second, the manner of perch chosen by most of the lizards was holding the stem or trunk by arms. All four groups of lizards exhibited no difference in the orientation, angle and manner of perch. However, male lizards tended to perch at a greater height above ground than the female and juvenile lizards did. The study produced other findings as well: A tendency correlation curve was plotted showing that temperature related with the number of lizards taking perch, and from the curve the optimal temperature of the living environment was determined to be approximately within the range of 19° ~24°. Additionally, there was a relationship between temperature of living environment and the size of lizard and the number of lizards taking perch. A further positive relationship was observed between temperature and the height of perch above ground. Also, the study showed an apparent positive relationship between the temperature of sample living area and the snout-vent length(SVL) of the lizard. Finally, the Japalura Polygonata Xantbostona tended to take their nocturnal perches within a rather fixed home range. 本研究由2002 年7 月至2003 年3 月，於臺北市內湖區金面山南麓溪谷進行黃口攀蜥夜 晚停棲策略研究，以溫度和各項停棲行為進行來分析探討，包括黃口攀蜥的成幼蜥、雌雄蜥 停棲選擇上的差異。 研究期間，共標記到452 隻攀蜥，其中雌蜥163 隻、雄蜥168 隻、幼蜥121 隻。將停棲 的情況分為方向、角度、停棲型態、離地高度四項來分析，在方向上多以朝內、向上為主； 角度多以小角度的1°~45°及180°為主；在停棲型式多以環抱莖枝為主。進一步分析成幼蜥、 雌雄蜥不論在方向、角度、停棲型式的選擇上皆無差異。離地高度的部分則以成蜥及雄蜥的 停棲高度較高；以溫度分析黃口攀蜥的成幼蜥出現停棲隻次、停棲高度、出現停棲攀蜥體型 的相關性，溫度對出現停棲隻次可以做出趨勢相關曲線，估算攀蜥的停棲有一最適宜溫度範 圍約在19~24℃間；溫度與其停棲高度呈現正相關性；每次測得樣區溫度與出現停棲攀蜥平 均吻肛長有顯著的正相關。而黃口攀蜥夜晚婷棲時則會傾向於較固定的範圍內。

在酯化反應中，經由實驗結果，我們發現離子液體對於此反應有催化的效果。離子液體 是在室溫下呈現液態的離子化合物，將醇類與酸酐放入離子液體中有助於酯化反應的進行， 基於這個新的發現，我們開始尋找使用不同種類的離子液體做實驗，選出適當的離子液體， 並且測試離子液體在不同環境下的催化效果，以及適合的使用計量；更進一步，我們找出離 子液體在催化反應之後，將離子液體回收的方法：利用有機溶劑將離子液體和產物分層並萃 取出產物，把離子液體回收再利用，符合現代推動綠色化學的趨勢。接下來我們探討離子液 體對催化反應的擴展性與應用，先由不同結構的一級醇反應到醯胺鍵的生成，最後推展到合 成阿斯匹靈，實驗結果說明，用離子液體做催化劑，也可以成功的合成阿斯匹靈。 We have established for the first time that ionic liquids, which possess the property of Lewis acid, can facilitate acylation of alcohols with anhydrides to form esters with photo-excitation. With the initial finding, we then screen through different types of ionic liquids with varying counter anions, loading, and external light or heat sources to sort out the best reaction conditions. To gain insights into the working mechanism, the dynamic profile of the catalytic reaction was monitored by analyzing the reaction mixture by using ‘H NMR spectroscopy. The ionic liquids can be recovered by extractive separation from the acylation product, which meets the major theme of green chemistry. To extend the substrate scope and applications of the new catalytic process, different functional primary alcohols and amines were further examined. More importantly, we have utilized the new catalytic protocol for the acetylating of salicylic acid, leading to aspirin with high efficiency.

本實驗針對隔音材質的特性，如各孔板之孔徑、開孔率，並以夾層做不同孔板配置進行研究。本主題共進行三階段的實驗。第一階段探討不同材質的影響，因材質加工問題，實驗誤差過大；第二階段改以PP 塑膠板探討，因儀器誤差，數據難以解析；第三階段仍以PP 塑膠板探討，並修正實驗步驟，以降低實驗誤差。本報告乃以第三階段實驗結果做探討。為了提高實驗準確度，將整個實驗分成若干組，在實驗前後以空白測試，以減低實驗誤差。利用Excel 軟體，進行各組實驗數據噪音傳送損失之修正與分析。本試驗以125Hz、250Hz、500Hz、1000Hz、2000Hz 及4000Hz 六段週波頻率做測試。由分析結果顯示，孔徑與開孔率、同心圓的排列方式，對噪音傳送損失有顯著的影響。;This experiment is to focus on the properties of sound barriers, such as hole diameter, open areas, and the layout of holing boards. We have performed experiments in three steps. In the first step, we discussed the differences between different kinds of material but found many errors caused from faults in the process of making boards. So in the second step, we chose the ploy-propene board but still found errors from instruments. And in the final step, we used the ploy-propene board again and modified the experiment procedure to lower the error from instruments. The report is based on the final step data. With a view to raise the precision of the experiment, we divided the experiment into several parts with the blank test. We modified and transferred the original data to the noisy transfer loss (TL) in the same intensity level, and analyzed the data with Microsoft Excel. In experiment, we detected the noise-pollution level (dB) in the frequency of 125Hz, 250Hz, 500Hz, 1000Hz, 2000Hz and 4000Hz. According to the result, the hole diameter, open area and the layout of concentric circle have a significant influence on TL.

市面上可以看到多種品牌紛紛推出了以“啤酒酵母”作為號召的乳製品，標榜健康取向\r 的“啤酒酵母優酪乳”也是其中的一件，我們蒐集了關於啤酒酵母以及乳酸桿菌的文獻，打\r 算研究之間的關係，乳酸菌屬於益生菌，主要的用途是製作優酪乳，可以協助維持體內正常\r 的腸道菌相，降低血清膽固醇以及預防骨質疏鬆症(Rolfe, 2000)；啤酒酵母最主要的用途為\r 啤酒的製作，具有解決失眠、消除疲勞、改善痢疾的功效。外國的克芙爾(kefir)也是屬於含\r 有乳酸桿菌及酵母菌菌相的食品，而且也對健康有益。因此我們提出了一個問題﹕啤酒酵母\r 與乳酸桿菌的代謝產物是否有著互利的功效呢？在拋出第一個問號後我們繼續尋找資料以\r 及著手我們的實驗。在文獻中(Gaon et al.,2003；Corthier et al.,1992,1986)也曾經提及啤酒酵\r 母與乳酸桿菌對於Clostridium difficile 所引起的偽膜性腸炎的關係，所以使我們又想問兩個\r 問題：究竟Ampicillin 對於乳酸桿菌、酵母菌、C. difficile 的影響有多大？而乳酸桿菌及酵\r 母菌對於C. difficile 的影響又是什麼？

本研究利用一種不需藉外加幫浦，以重力驅動即可自行使液體流且形成層流的系統。因微道尺寸夠小，足以形成層流，再由中入口、出口儲液槽的高度差、毛細現象以及表面張力，驅動流道中的液體、形成流速穩定的層流。由層流的性質得知，死菌只能隨流層前進，而因活菌有運動能力，能自分布於系統中，如此便可將死亡及活力較差的大腸桿菌從中分離，並探討各種影響細菌分離的機制。