類固醇對斑馬魚胚胎細胞的影響
Steroid hormones are very important for physiological homeostasis, but some functions of steroids are still unclear during embryonic development. Embryonic cell movements are required forming embryonic body. Recently, there is already known Pregeneolone (P5) which could affect epiboly movement of zebrafish embryos is the first product of the steroidogenesis pathway, but effects of further downstream products on epiboly movement are unknown. In order to know this, we treat embryos with Pregnenolone (P5), 17α-Hydroxypregnenolone (17OH-P5), DHEA, Progesterone (P4), 17α-Hydroxyprogesterone (17OH-P4), 11-Deoxycortisol (D), or Testosterone (T). We found out that P5 can accelerate epiboly movement, 17OH-P5 and D have no significant effects on it, and DHEA, P4, 17OH-P4, and T can decelerate it. These results indicated that steroids play important roles on embryonic epiboly movement in zebrafish. 類固醇荷爾蒙對生理平衡很重要,但其對於胚胎發育的影響仍舊不明。胚胎個體的形成需要胚胎細胞進行不同的移動排列。目前研究已知類固醇荷爾蒙生合成機制的第一個產物pregnenolone (P5)對斑馬魚胚胎epiboly 移動有影響,但其它更下游的類固醇荷爾蒙對epiboly移動的影響仍然未知。為了了解類固醇其他下游產物對魚卵早期細胞移動的影響,將胚胎處理Pregnenolone (P5) 、17α-Hydroxypregnenolone (17OH-P5) 、DHEA 、Progesterone (P4) 、17α-Hydroxyprogesterone (17OH-P4)、11-Deoxycortisol (D)、Testosterone (T),發現17OH-P5、D對epiboly 的移動沒有影響,而DHEA、P4、17OH-P4、T 會使其變慢。這些結果說明了類固醇對胚胎細胞的移動扮演著重要角色。
聚苯胺導電高分子在鐵系金屬防蝕上的應用與研究
聚苯胺導電高分子的發展蓬勃迅速,其應用也愈趨廣泛,金屬防蝕為其可能應用之一。台灣四面環海,工業發達,造成金屬腐蝕損害嚴重。本文為探討聚苯胺導電高分子在鐵系金屬防蝕上之應用,針對以下各點進行研究: ( 1)探討導電高分子聚苯胺性質與合成方法(2)探討聚苯胺導電原理(3)測試不同腐蝕條件下聚苯胺的防蝕效果(4)探討聚苯胺防蝕原理(5)各種氧化還原態聚苯胺防蝕效果之比較。實驗結果顯示塗布聚苯胺與未塗布聚苯胺之鐵系金屬(生鐵、不鏽鋼、鍍鋅鐵)在 3 %氯化鈉、 0 . 5M 鹽酸、1M 鹽酸溶液中之腐蝕狀況,以鹼式中問氧化態聚苯胺( Emeraldine base 。)最具防蝕效果。聚苯胺防蝕機構包含阻隔防護、腐蝕抑制劑、陽極保護、惰性化、形成保護性氧化物薄膜、阻礙離子擴散速率、電化學介面遷移等機構 ·The development and application of the conducting polymer polyaniline is getting prosperous and popular. One of the applications is corrosion protection. Because Taiwan is surrounded by sea and the pollution of industry is more and more serious than before the damage of corrosion is greater and should be properly controlled. In this paper, the authors attempted to study the effect of the corrosion protection of polyaniline in ferrous metal. This study could be divided into four parts: (1) the study of the property and synthesis methods for the conducting polymer polyaniline, (2) the conduction theory of the polymer polyaniline, (3) The corrosion protection effects of the polymer polyaniline under different corrosion situations, (4) the corrosion protection theory of the polymer polyaniline, and (5) the comparison of the corrosion protection effects of various polymer polyanilines. According to the experimental results the Erneraldine-based polyaniline gets the best corrosion protection effect. The mechanism of corrosion protection may be the result of the following ones: barrier protection, corrosion inhibitor, anode protection, innobeling, chemical active layer. inhibition of diffusion rate, and the shift of electrochemical interface.
耍「薛骰」-Sicherman Dice 的探討
George Sicherman discovered that it is possible to take a couple of 6-sided dice re-labeling them with different positive integers (1,2,2,3,3,4) and (1,3,4,5,6,8) having the same probability distribution as rolling a standard pair of 6-sided dice. Such unique pair of dice is calling Sicherman dice. The secret behind the Sicherman dice can be studied by combining the powerful mathematical tool “Generating functions” with the symbolic manipulation software “Derive 6”, The same procedure may be applied to studying the possibility of the generalized Sicherman dice along the consideration of :\r (1) Adding more dice. (2) Changing the number of faces. To this end, we introduce the concept of the Sicherman Bound. For a given integer n, the number of n-sided Sicherman dice is finite. We computed manually such numbers for n?50 based on the method of “Elimination of negative terms”. Sicherman Dice 就是一對點數配置與正常骰子(6 面正立方體,點數為1到6)不同的骰子,它所拋擲出的每一種不同點數和(2,3,4...,12) 的機率恰好與一對正常的骰子相同。這種骰子是美國的Col. George Sicherman 所發現的。 Sicherman 更進一步指出:在不使用Sicherman Dice 的情形下,不可能找到一組大於或等於三顆的非正常骰子,它們拋擲出的每一種不同點數和的機率恰好與一組同數量的正常骰子相同。本研究的目標在於1. 尋求計算「Sicherman Dice 的組合和正常的骰子有相同的出現機率」的方法2. 證明Sicherman 結論的真偽及是否適用於其他正多面體(4 面/ 8 面/12 面/ 20面) 的標準骰子3. 修正Sicherman 的結論,並定義Sicherman 極限(Sicherman Limit)。在假設n面正多面體(n 為自然數, n ? 50 )存在的情形下,探討每一個正多面體的Sicherman 極限4. Sicherman Dice (Crazy Dice) 的延伸探討(1) 不同面數骰子的組合,是否可以找到面數組合相同,但點數配置不同的Crazy Dice( 如4 面與6 面的標準骰子組合,找到4 面與6 面的Crazy Dice)(2) 多個面數相同或不同骰子的組合,是否可以找到面數、個數及點數配置皆不同的Crazy Dice ( 如3 個4 面標準骰子組合, 找到2 個8 面的Crazy Dice)在研究的過程中,我發現以下的現象:(1) Sicherman Dice 的產生,是生成函數因式重新組合的結果(2) Sicherman Dice 是否存在,則視上述重新組合的結果是否有負項產生由於上述的觀察,我使用自行發展的「負項消去」法來檢驗Sicherman 結論的正確性及求得n 面正多面體其對應的Sicherman 極限。同時我也和Col. George Sicherman 取得聯繫, 討論當年他發現Sicherman Dice 的經過及其結論的限制條件,作為本研究未來發展的參考。
影像的色偏校正
The human eyes can adjust automatically the color of object under different illuminants. But digital camera does not have such mechanism, must join the white balance to simulate the color constancy of human eyes. There are many existing white balance methods. They can be categorized into two types. The first type utilizes the widespread assumption on the dealing natural scenery, which has the advantage of simplicity. Another type explores knowledge of the semantic content, which has the advantage of accuracy. In this study we modify and enhance the widespread assumption methods that can adopt the advantage of the simplicity and accuracy. Our proposed method is structured in two main parts: a color cast detector and a color cast remover. The detector first analyzes the color distribution of the image with simple statistical tools to determine whether or not the image has color cast. The remover, a modified and enhanced version of the widespread assumption methods ( gray world and max RGB ), is then applied on the color cast image. From the experiment results, it demonstrates the efficacy and performance of the proposed method.人類的視覺能夠自動修正因光線變化而改變的物體顏色,但是數位取像設備的感光元件卻不具有這樣的功能,必須加入白平衡的功能,才可模擬人眼維持色彩恆常的特性。現有的白平衡演算法可分為兩大類型,第一類型為廣泛假設型,具有運算速度快、與取像設備無關的特性,但是平均誤差會較大;另一類型為預知特性型,其特徵為準確性較高,但是運算較速度較慢、建立色彩特性資訊時所需的成本較高,本篇研究針對廣泛假設型的演算法做些修正與增強,使其具有較小的平均誤差以獲得較佳色彩品質的影像。我們將影像的色偏校正分為色偏偵測與色偏移除等兩個階段來進行,由於僅有被偵測出有色偏的影像才需要進行色偏的移除,所以可以避開將無色偏或固有色偏的影像做錯誤的修正,由實驗的結果看來,我們的方法確實有效,除了具有運算速度快、與取像設備無關的優點外,其色偏校正能力也較現有的方法好,使得影像色彩更能與人眼所見相近。
探討聲致發光效應中,改變溫度,濃度,液體種類,頻率對氣泡發光的影響?
聲致發光效應(sonoluminesence)為最近二十年來相當新穎的研究領域,其基本原理是利用超聲波將水中的氣泡集中,並使之隨著超聲波快速且連續的膨脹壓縮,當氣泡被壓縮至最小時溫度急遽上升,並放出藍白色的光芒。正因為這是一個嶄新的領域,所以許多實驗是以嘗試錯誤的方法去進行,但也因此發現了一些特殊的現象:1. 氣泡在正常的頻率(30kHz)以外,經過一段不可發光的頻率後,還可在更高頻率(接近40kHz)的地方發光2. 氣泡發光效率曲線在不同性質溶液中的差異3. 針對高頻率發光及雙泡發光的部分,做了兩個相關的假設並進一步驗證,得到了相當特別的結論。至今已有許多關於此研究的成果發表,但對於同時兩顆氣泡存在並發光的雙泡發光現象(double-bubble sonoluminesence)卻還很少人研究。因此我們嘗試較系統化地分析雙泡發光,期望能夠對這個現象有進一步的認識,並對日後的多泡發光(muti-bubble sonoluninesence)研究奠定基礎。Sonoluminescence has been a very popular topic for the past twenty years. Single-bubble sonoluminescence occurs when an acoustically trapped and periodically driven gas bubble collapses so strongly that the energy focusing on collapse leads to light emission. Because it is a new topic, few related experiments on this issue have been carried out before. However, while doing the research and making adjustments at the same time we discovered some special phenomenon: 1. Besides the normal amplitude frequency (30kHz) added on the bubble, we found that after a period of frequency which can not emit, the bubble is able to remain and emit in higher amplitude frequency (about 40 kHz). 2. We also compared the emission efficiency when bubbles are in different liquids. 3. To explain part of the results in high frequency and double-bubble sonoluminescence, we made two assumptions and attempted to demonstrated them in the end of the report. Some research studies in this field have been released already; nevertheless, few people concentrate on “double-bubble sonoluminescence.” Therefore, we attempt to systematically analyze the emission of double-bubble, expecting to have more comprehension of this marvelous effect and also establish the fundamental background to “muti-bubble sonoluninescence.”