魚洗水跳現象的探討
In the previous year study, we assumed that the fish basin as a column-shape model in order to exam and explain how the water spouting. This year, we established a reality-like situation of the fish basin to construct our theory base. At this point, round-waves and up-down waves are found as the beginning point of the water spouting. The sound from the basin is the frequency of the vibrations. Meanwhile, this process enables us to understand the causes of four, six, and eight waves. In addition, we tried to change the basin's positions, the capacities of water, the densities of liquids, and the sizes of the containers to demonstrate the theory. Furthermore, we used similar containers, such as high-heel cup and big magnetic bowl to experiment. The results are also corresponded with the theory. These results can also be used to explain the Chinese aeolian bell, clock, shaking bell, etc. That is a major innovation for us. Finally, we obtain better understanding of the abstractive theory though the simulation of the computerized photographs. 魚洗，也稱龍洗，傳說是中國唐宋時代皇帝洗臉的臉盆，內底四條魚紋，麟尾畢具。洗內盛水後，用手摩擦其兩個雙耳，立即發出響亮的嗡鳴聲，並出現美麗了漣漪，水珠四濺，摩擦越快，聲音越響，波浪翻騰，水珠越烈。對此在上一年度的研究中，是將洗盆視為圓柱狀，然後由圓柱狀所建立的模型去解釋水跳的原因，初步瞭解了水跳的原因。今年我們以洗盆真實的情況建立理論模型，在殼體產生共振的圓形駐波及上下駐波，此為水跳產生點，此時殼體發出的聲音就是共振的頻率。也瞭解了有四個、六個、八個、十個波腹的原因。並以改變殼體不同位置、水量、液體密度及洗盆大小等變因應證模型，結果與理論相符合。繼而以高腳杯、大磁碗等類似魚洗盆構造的容器，加以實驗應證，也能符合此理論。甚可推到中國古時候的編鐘、搖鈴、風鈴等器材。對於我們總認為碰撞就產生聲音的觀念實是一大突破。最後經由電腦動畫的模擬，讓此抽象的理論更容易瞭解。
化學中的數學與程式設計
When we were learning about organic compounds at school ,there was a unit discussing the isomers of alkane .Our teacher made us practice drawing all the structural formula of the isomers from hexane to nonane .We were much interested in the subject .However ,we often missed or duplicated some isomers .Thus , we began to think if it is possible to find a way by developing programs to let the computer calculate the exact number of the isomers of alkane . After discussion ,we set up a complete coding system .We numbered the isomers in the way that computers could decode and then wrote them in C language. Through computer execution ,the numbers of the isomers from C1 to C20 all match those on the reference website. According to the same concept , we also find a way to calculate the number of alkane with one substituted group . In the future,our goal will be focused on the research of multi- substituted alkane and cyclokane. In addition , the ionic crystal accumulation model are so variable. Take the double face-centered accumulation of NaCl for example, when the ion pairs are extended to the infinity , the potential energy of attractive field will approach a constant which is named as the Madelung Constant. We also managed to write a computer program with C language to approach this convergence with three models, including cube , octahedron , and sphere . The result turned out to be that the data of the sphere was less stable . In the other two models , when “n” is up to 43 layers , the data is identical with that on the reference website to the eight decimal point . 在學校裡學習有機化合物有關烷類異構物這個單元，老師讓我們練習畫出己烷~壬烷的所有異構物結構式，這引起我們極大的興趣！但常一不小心就漏掉或多出幾個，我們開始思考：能不能找到一個方法並設計成程式，讓電腦執行以找出烷類異構物？經過討論，我們建立了一套完整的編碼系統，將各異構物以電腦可解讀的方式編號，並以C 語言寫成程式。透過電腦執行，各碳數化合物自C1至C20都與參考網站吻合。依相同觀念，我們也設計出烷類含一個取代基的異構物數目。將來努力的目標為：多取代基及環烷類之研究！另外，離子晶體堆積模型變化多端，以NaCl 雙面心堆積為例，其引力場位能，當離子對延伸至無限大時，這個值將趨近於一個常數，又稱為馬德隆常數。我們嘗試以C 語言設計電腦程式，用三種模型（正立方體、正八面體、圓球）來逼近並求得這個收斂值。執行結果是：圓球數據較不穩定；而另二種模型到n=43 層以上，其數值大小與參考網路上的數值，在小數點以下8 位完全相同。
磁流體的浪潮－磁場梯度下磁流波紋之研究
在本次實驗中，我們發現在不同厚度的磁流體薄膜中，會因本身磁性粒子結合，而呈現不同的影像圖形。隨著薄膜厚度增加，其磁性粒子會由鏈狀排列成塊狀叢集，可是一旦外加磁場後，又要全部轉向磁力線方向集結。另一個發現是將磁流體薄膜放在一個不均勻的磁場梯度中，則樣品內的磁流體粒子，不僅會隨著磁力線的方向排列移動，更會出現磁流波紋，其行進路徑是沿著垂直於磁力線的方向，向磁力線密集處移動。我們亦發現在不同的薄膜厚度及不同外加磁場下，其”磁流波紋”的波速亦會隨之改變。一般而言，樣品的厚度愈厚，或外加磁場愈大，其”磁流波紋”的波速愈快，反之則愈慢。最後，我們列出了一些磁流波紋的應用，相信是精采可期！In this experiment, we find that in different thickness of magnetic fluid different images will appear, because of the connection of magnetic particles. With the increasing of thickness the magnetic particles will change its shape from chains to blocks. But when we add external magnetic field, they will get in line one by one to the direction of magnetic line of force. We also find that we put the magnetic fluid film in the uneven magnetic gradient, the magnetic particle in the sample not only follow the direction of magnetic line of force but also show the “magnetic wave”. Its move path is perpendicular to the direction of magnetic line of force. In the different film thickness of magnetic field, the wave velocity of the “magnetic wave” will change. In generally, the thicker the sample is, or the larger the magnetic field is, the faster the wave velocity of magnetic wave is and adverse is true. At last, we list the applications of “magnetic wave”, we believe they are marvelous!
台灣和東亞地區的氣候變遷
由人類活動造成的溫室效應可能導致地球溫度升高,聖嬰現象加劇等現象與災害,本文利用個氣候中心發展出的模式,推估台灣和東亞地區未來氣候變遷的情況,我們發現當大氣中的二氧化碳濃度增加為現在的1.9倍時,台灣地區的年平均溫度將升高0.85-2.50度C而東亞地區將會升高1.46-4.07度C,在同條件下個模式的平均推估量也顯示,台灣地區將每天增加0.10公厘的降水，而東亞地區每天將增加0.08公哩,我們希望這個研究結果可以做為其他相關研究的基礎,使大家提早因應未來氣候變遷所可能引發的種種變化;Greenhouse effect, incurred mainly by human activities may result in lots of phenomenon and damages such as the increasing of the world's average temperature and he aggravation f the "ElNino" effect. In this research, we simulate future metrological values by employing several simulation modes developed by different climate centers and predict future climate changes in Taiwan and East Asia area. We found that when the concentration of carbon dioxide exceeds 1.9 times than current value, the estimated range of the increased year-average temperature are0.85-2.5℃ and 1.46-4.07℃ for Taiwan and East Asia, respectively. Under the same condition, the ensemble mean reveals that the precipitation raises will be 0.1 and 0.08mm per day, for Taiwan and East Asia respectively. We hope our work can be the foundation of other related researches, and all the researches together can help for coping with possible damages caused by future climate changes.
聚球藻 RF 一 1 品系生物時鐘之特性
我們成功的用溶氣計偵測到了聚球藻 RF-1 在 28℃下光合作用的概日韻律。和傳統的研究方法比起來，這個方法具有連續偵測的優點，減少因不斷取樣所造成的影響，此實驗可觀察到聚球藻 RF-1 溶氣量之變化圖與一般藻類（如單殼縫藻）不同.在光 /暗條件下 RF-1 之溶氣量的增加與減少均呈週期性變化，而且此變化現象在進入連續照光後仍然可以維持兩個循環以上，這些結果顯示以溶氣計連續偵測聚球藻 RF -1之概日韻律是可行的，而且所得到的變化圖形遠比傳統方法（於不同時間取樣）所得者自然。本實驗同時發現含聚球藻之培養液的溫度，在進入黑暗週期時會有明顯的上升，由於其變化程度比其他藻類明顯，如加以探討應有助於對此藻以及其韻律特性之瞭解。We successfully detected the photosynthesis circadian rhythm of the prokaryote Synechococcus RF-1 under 28℃ by a DO (Dissolved-Oxygen) meter. The advantage of this method, comparing with the traditional methods, is that it can detect signals continuously, reduce the influence of discrete sampling. The DO curves of the Synechococcus RF-1 are different from that of other algae. Under Light/Dark conditions, the DO values of RF-i increased and decreased periodically. The periodic phenomena progressed over two cycles under constant lighting conditions. These results revealed the feasibility of using DO meter to continuous detect the circadian rhythm of the Synechococcus RF-1 The detected DO curves looked more natural than those obtained in the traditional discrete-sampling method. We also found that the temperature of the culture increased in dark cycle. Since the variation is clearer than that of other algae, further investigation will benefit the understanding of the Synechcoccus RF-i and its circadian rhythm.