星系的恆星形成速率與恆星質量關係一直是天文研究中的熱門主題。為何星系在相似的恆星總質量下有不同的恆星形成速率？這些差異的基本機制是什麼？為了回答這些問題，在這個研究中，我使用了 Sloan Digital Sky Survey(SDSS)的大量光譜數據以及 Hyper Suprime- Cam(HSC)Survey 所獲取的深度成像數據，來研究星系合併對恆星形成速率的影響。首先， 我使用 HSC 圖像來尋找正在合併過程中的星系子集，之後使用了機器學習演算法幫助辨別所有在 SDSS 數據集中有 HSC 觀測的合併星系。然後，我分析合併的不同階段對恆星形成速率與恆星質量關係的影響，並將其與獨立星系的關係分別進行比較。最終，結果顯示，平均而言，合併星系的星形成速率約是恆星質量相似的獨立星系的 2 倍，這證明星系合併是影響星系恆星形成速率與恆星質量關係的關鍵機制之一。

Substance losses, burns and injuries arising from various causes represent a constant problem encountered by homo sapiens throughout its existence. Rudimentary treatments, relatively effective and less effective, have left their mark on the way we perceive the presence and treatment of wounds caused by various factors. Searching through medical archives, we can trace the specific protocols for these medical conditions back to 2200 BC, when they were structured in three steps: 1) cleaning the skin lesion, 2) applying a dressing (from glue to various preparations) and 3 ) bandaging the skin lesion. Currently, the appearance of wounds on the skin is caused both by accidents in the performance of various activities and by certain diseases that manifest themselves through skin rashes or skin lesions. Their frequency is in the thousands, according to the latest statistics, affecting the majority of the population non-selectively. It is vital that skin lesions receive the necessary care and attention, commensurate with their severity. Being open wounds on the surface of the skin, it is essential that the treatment be meticulous and appropriate to their type, as skin lesions represent a threat to the patient's life. From infections to hydroelectrolytic imbalances specific to burns, the multitude of factors that influence healing highlight the need for a dressing that can be easily customized according to the specificity of the wound, the needs of the patient and that is affordable both from the point of view of production cost as well as its use, making death from skin lesions easily avoidable through an intelligent approach. One of the most complex biological processes and indispensable to humans is the healing of skin lesions. Healing involves a carefully regulated series of biochemical and cellular activities in tandem. Traditional therapies and substances of natural origin have been used to facilitate the regeneration process and accelerate the wound healing process, being applied with encouraging results. Despite the fact that these generally present a low cost, they can be more expensive than contemporary treatments and can be influenced by regional, seasonal factors, showing fluctuations from batch to batch, which could lead to unpredictable allergic reactions, side effects and inconsistent clinical findings. Currently, the standard of care for skin lesions is to clean the wound with antiseptic solutions to prevent infection, apply a dressing followed by bandaging to keep the dressing in place, and if necessary excision of the tissue that has become non-viable. In the case of diabetic ulcers, it is necessary to excise the tissue that has become non-viable and to maintain control over the level of glucose in the body.

Vitas is a combination of binaural beats (BB) with background white noise (ASMR) as accompanying music without reducing the quality of brain stimulation and is able to stimulate the left and right brain while synchronizing brain waves so that it can be used as a media for coping with stress for Gen Z students. To find out the effect Vitas in reducing stress levels, research was conducted on high school students belonging to Gen Z. This research aims to measure the stress index of students belonging to Gen Z, then find the effect of the combination of binaural beats (BB) and ASMR on students'stress levels, and finding the best audio combination to reduce stress levels as a coping mechanism. This research uses a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design using a one group pre-test-post-test design scheme. The sample in this study consisted of 105 students who were divided into seven treatment groups to listen to a combination of BB and ASMR with different bandwidths. Stress levels were measured using the DASS 42 stress section questionnaire which has been tested for reliability and validity. The results of the student stress index were 16.26 in the mild stress category. There was a significant difference between the negative group, the alpha + ASMR group and the positive group with a T-Paired test result of less than 0.05. Based on the results of the Post Hoc LSD test, it was found that the combination of binaural beats alpha (12hz) + ASMR was the best combination for reducing stress in students.These findings were developed into a digital therapy application product called "Vitas" as an alternative media for coping with stress for Gen Z.

This study primarily investigates the components of food residues in the stomach of flying squirrels and the metabolism of the intestinal bacteria Floricoccus tropicus. Using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) hydrogen spectrum analysis, the signals of long-chain fatty acids were detected in both n-hexane and 75% ethanol extracts of flying squirrel gastric residues and acorns, suggesting that acorns may be a primary food source for the flying squirrels. The study also identified Floricoccus tropicus, one of the lactic acid bacteria, from the intestines of flying squirrels and discovered its role in the metabolism of fatty acids in acorns. Results showed that polyunsaturated fatty acids significantly decreased during fermentation, indicating that they were converted into short-chain fatty acids with anti-inflammatory properties. In the antibacterial activity experiments, the acorn grease showed no inhibitory effects before fermentation, but after fermentation, the acorn grease exhibited inhibitory effects against E. coli. Furthermore, in anti-inflammatory tests, fermented acorn grease samples significantly suppressed the production of NO and TNF-α in LPSinduced RAW 264.7 cells, with greater inhibition at higher concentrations. In conclusion, the lactic acid bacteria Floricoccus tropicus was found to metabolize fatty acids of acorns into compounds with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects.

本作品由2023年IMO的第五題出發，希望探索在忍者通道中的其他性質，首先思考改變每排中放入的球數並觀察規律，進而推廣到三維圓圈塔中的性質，最後使用hyper-cube(超立方體)的情況進行一般化的推廣與構造的優化，完成最小值問題的求解，另外也對於特例部分探索解的總數。

廢棄香灰處理不易且對環境具危害經定性分析知有 47.74% 鹼性物質 CaO。本研究以廢棄香灰製成屋瓦及地磚，探討與酸雨酸鹼中和之可行性，經歷一年多且進行多次屋瓦逕流及浸泡酸雨實驗，觀察到香灰試片與酸雨中和效率和內含香灰比例呈現正相關，結果顯示摻入5％~20%香灰所製成的屋瓦的酸鹼中和能力皆適合臺灣環境使用且經一年放置於自然環境實驗仍具有良好的酸雨中和能力；若欲同時具有酸雨酸鹼中和與碳捕捉能力，則以含 10%~20%香灰為佳。摻入超過 20%香灰製品則降低陶製品之黏性導致無法成型。香灰製品相較於傳統屋瓦有製程價格低、高耐用性和酸鹼中和效率高等特性，可作為屋瓦材料或地磚的新發展。製作地磚部分因水泥會包覆香灰陶粒，因此採孔洞較大的陶瓷摻雜香灰進行 3D 列印，可快速製作不同環境應用之地磚，亦可同時具有碳捕捉與酸雨酸鹼中和之功效。

本研究從濕地篩選出可能為新種的耐鹽菌Oceanobacillus sp.，暫命名為OC2，其在無植物相伴狀態下不會降低土壤含鹽量，但卻在與植物共存後誘發特殊機轉，促使土壤含鹽量降低約，並提升植物耐鹽能力，顯示 OC2與植物存在特殊交互作用。深入研究發現，OC2能產生IAA，並吸引植物根部向其生長以利其進入根部，並在鹽逆境下分泌代謝物以刺激植物合成脯胺酸 (增加達98.5%)提升根部滲透壓、增加葉片類胡蘿蔔素及類黃酮含量以提升植物抗氧化力。植物方面，鹽逆境下植物分泌的化學物質會觸發OC2產生更多的IAA(約17%)，藉以刺激植物根系發展以利水分吸收，而OC2的存在會促進根部澱粉酶活性上升達88%，以分解澱粉產生可溶性醣類供OC2使用，推測兩者存在共生關係。本研究展示新種耐鹽菌與植物的交互作用，期待透過此菌改善鹽化農地並能提升作物產量。

這項研究深入探討阿拉伯芥生理時鐘的轉錄調控機制，關注植物特有 GAGA 結合因子， BASIC PENTACYSTEINEs（BPCs）。通過監測 BPC 突變株和誘導株的葉片運動，及對 BPC 突變株生長缺陷的觀察，推測 BPC 於節律運動和葉形表徵扮演調控要角。藉數學建模和對突變與誘導株的 qRT-PCR 實驗，我揭示第一及第二類 BPC 在協調生物鐘節奏和葉片發育中的多種功能，更描述 BPC 內部調控網絡，了解這些蛋白質如何維持恆定。突變株實驗突顯 BPC 對關鍵時鐘成員 CCA1、ELF4、GI 和 PRR 家族的精確控制，而誘導株實驗則繞離 BPC 家族內部的補救途徑，從不同的尺度提供更直觀的檢驗方法。模擬進一步闡明 BPC 如何微調時鐘，確保振盪最佳化和晝夜間的無縫過渡。此外，我還發現 BPC1 和 BPC3 對第二類 TCP 基因的影響。他們抑制除 TCP5 外的多數 TCP 基因，透過不同下游途徑影響葉緣形態。概括而言，這項研究揭示了 BPC 家族是生理時鐘和葉片發育途徑的關鍵調控者。

生物時鐘可對生物體的行為與生理造成影響，在探討晝夜節律特徵的差異時，過去研究常侷限於北美大陸的品系，缺少赤道及南半球品系的晝夜節律特徵探討。有鑒於黑腹果蠅在全球各大洲的廣泛分佈，因此我們以黑腹果蠅（近赤道與中高緯度品系）為材料，研究果蠅是否因緯度而有相異的晝夜節律特徵？結果顯示不同緯度的果蠅品系展現出相異的晝夜節律特徵。赤報品系在全暗狀態下仍維持原本光暗12小時的穩定節律，而南北半球的中高緯度品系則具有相似節律特徵，即在全暗狀態下的節律不對齊原本正常光源的穩定節律，其他如活動量、週期、及節律強度等皆有著品系間的差異。更進一步比對實驗中各個品系基因序列，研究發現per和tim在調控區段有許多SNP變異，顯示其與晝夜節律特徵的關係，有助於後續尋找更多造成晝夜節律特徵差異的可能遺傳變異並探討。

In2013,Adamsintroducedthen-crossingnumberofaknotK,denoted by cn(K).Inequalities between the 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-crossing numbers have been previously established.We prove c9(K)≤c3(K)−2 for all knots Kthat are not the trivial, trefoil, or figure-eightknot.Weshowthisinequalityisoptimalandobtainpreviouslyunknownvalues for c9(K).