三等獎

癌症多年來高居國人十大死因之首，過去研究顯示慢性發炎與癌症生成密切相關。在發炎反應中巨噬細胞的角色相當關鍵，但在腫瘤微環境下反而幫助腫瘤細胞生長。CHI3L1廣泛表現在腫瘤組織與發炎相關的疾病，在發炎中可能調控不同的免疫相關細胞。因此我們想探討CHI3L1在腫瘤微環境中的功能，研究CHI3L1是否影響巨噬細胞之極化及其他後續功能。結果證實有CHI3L1存在時，巨噬細胞無法正常表現M1巨噬細胞之特徵基因，且其濃度越高，特徵基因表現量就越低。而利用巨噬細胞抗原呈現試驗也發現CHI3L1會降低M1巨噬細胞的抗原呈現能力。綜合以上結果，得知CHI3L1會導致M1巨噬細胞功能缺失。未來將探討CHI3L1如何調控巨噬細胞內的分子機轉，並尋找小分子藥物阻斷CHI3L1的作用，期待對腫瘤合併治療有所幫助。

Solar energy is a main source of energy that is expected to play a vital role in fulfilling the future global demand of electricity. Design of advanced photovoltaic (PV) system with high electric conversion efficiency is the key for collecting solar energy. A major obstacle hindering useful PV utilization is the deterioration of solar cell efficiency with temperature. The present results of experimentation have shown that there occurs a reduction of approximately 33% in the solar panel efficiency as the operating temperature increases from 45 °C to 68 °C at 1000 W/m2. Therefore, an innovative design of enhanced-performance solar panel using micro flat heat pipe (HP) and thermoelectric generator (TEG) is proposed and experimentally investigated in the presented project. To operate HP and TEG at highest possible efficiency, the condensation section of HP is innovatively cooled by utilize the condensed water inside the evaporator of air conditioner (which is usually between 5-7 °C). Two different types of silicon panel are used in the study: monocrystalline solar panel and polycrystalline solar panel. The results showed that a reduction in average solar panel temperature up to 25% is obtained. In addition, produced power was increased by as much as 50% when solar panel was cooled by the heat pipe. Finally, the feasibility study and cost analysis of the proposed hybrid system are discussed in details and presented.

This study demonstrates that microbial film power generation is a potentially viable source of alternative energy. This research occurred over a period of two years. In the first year (2016) I tested a new method of generating renewable energy, referred to as microbial film power generation. I showed that electricity could be captured from microbial decomposition using solid graphite plates (29cm x 20cm) placed in lightly decomposed muskeg (collected in northern British Columbia). In the second year (2017) the purpose was to increase the power output of the fuel cell, while also compacting the setup. Certain changes were made to the experimental set up, namely the use of spongy graphite felt in place of solid graphite plates, thus providing a larger surface area for microbial activity to occur. The new fuel cells made produced about twice as much power. Not only was the power output greater, but it was produced from a much smaller area: 7.82 mWh/cm2 on graphite felt, compared to 0.21 mWh/cm2 on graphite plates. In other words, graphite felt produced 37 times more power per unit area than graphite plates. Furthermore, it would appear that by removing the load from the fuel cell for approximately 24 hours, the fuel cell could essentially recharge. This may be due to microbial activity releasing more electrons onto the anode permitting a new cycle to take place. This would suggest that the system could naturally recharge itself.

In recent years, the ticks have reached the valley of Poschiavo and so far no study has been done to determine their diffusion. Recently, this presence has become a much discussed topic as these ticks can be carriers of pathogenes and represent a danger to humans. The goal of this work is to analyze the current situation in the valley of Poschiavo to understand in which areas the ticks are widespread, if they are carriers of pathogens and which factors could have an influence on their expansion. Several methods have been used for data collection. Ticks were found on ungulates killed during the high hunt in autumn 2016. In spring 2017, ticks were collected in various areas of the valley using the flag method that involves dragging a cotton cloth onto the ground. Some of the collected ticks were sent to a laboratory to identify the presence of the Borrelia burgdorferi, the pathogen responsible for Lyme borreliosis. To understand the evolution of the presence of ticks in the valley, the doctors and veterinarians were interviewed. Finally, to identify any climate changes related to the diffusion of ticks, the evolution of the tem-perature and relative humidity measured by two meteorological stations in the valley of Poschiavo since 1980 have been analyzed. Thanks to this study it was possible to highlight for the first time the presence in the valley of Poschiavo of ticks wich are bearer of the Borrelia burgdorferi. In fact, the bacterium was present in 26% of the analyzed ticks. Currently, the thicks populate the southern part of the valley, from the lake of Poschiavo to Campocologno, a small area in the central part of the valley and the area around Poschiavo and San Carlo. The interviews carried out showed that in recent years the ticks in the valley have increased and that the climate change could be a possible cause. In fact, since 1980 the temperature measured on the bottom of the valley has increased on average by 1.5 ° C and also the relative humidity has risen slightly. These changes could affect the diffusion of ticks in the valley of Poschiavo. In the future the temperatures will rise further and consequently the climate of the Poschiavo valley will most likely be more suited to the life of the ticks favoring their in-crease.

本研究創新使用一種生物可分解之離子液體作為鋁空氣二次電池之電解質。與文獻上使用的高價且含毒性的咪唑類離子液體相比，本研究合成的離子液體原料為甘油與氯化膽鹼，均為成本低廉且對人體無害的環保材料。延續過去參加新竹市中小學科展題目「可撓性輕量化鋁空氣電池」的成果，此次國際科展的內容更進一步延伸為可充電式的鋁空氣二次電池，除了電解質的創新外，亦包含電極方面的革新，如陽極除了採用純鋁外，另探討使用鈦鋁合金來減緩腐蝕。在空氣電極方面，除了添加活性碳來增加吸附氧氣的表面積外，另添加二氧化錳來增加氧氣還原的活性。

CNC machines use vector graphics or vector image programs that take time and effort on hobbyists. Therefore, it is important to provide accurate techniques for converting ordinary images available on the Internet or can be designed with easy programs. In order to have precise drill paths read by CNC machines directly and produce a product that does not contain rattles at the edges. This depends on the accuracy of processing the extracted paths. The development of algorithms has been completed Transforms Pixel image into Paths with XYZ extension, which is used to drill material and cut it through CNC machines. And the algorithms are based on transfer images with low quality. And Its Advantage that it can create high Paths with as few points as possible. The program can convert the pixel image into paths, and then converted into g-code, and use it in CNC machines directly.

The purpose of this research is to make an ecological insecticide that mixes the extracts of Piper tuberculatum, Annona muricata and Melia azedarach, that together in application cause mortality and repellence of the mosquito Aedes aegypti with the intention to help in the control of the diseases this mosquito is guilty of: dengue, zika and chikungunya, and decrease the risk of infection by a safe and organic way.

以不銹鋼、鋁、壓克力暨熱熔膠膜仿製高砂熊蟬之翅脈結構，於完成覆膜後，作為實驗之五種仿翅測體。另設計製作兩種不同控制功能之四連桿振翅機構，再搭配其他觀測儀器、設備與簡易器材，依振翅幅度、振翅頻率、攻角及風速等影響飛行的變因控制組合成72個實驗模組。每種仿翅測體的72個模組各執行4次每次10秒鐘之振翅實驗，觀測與計算出各組測體之翼緣撓度、升力、推距與翅面壓力等合計1440個模組數據並配合相關理論公式加以比較分析、論證。另外，針對蟬翼翅室〈脈〉的結構形抗加以分析，並設計四款不同之翅室〈脈〉結構組合型態，分析比較其應力與應變關係，找出最佳的肋膜結構組合，以作為人類生活與科技運用器材結構設計與運用之參考，例如降落傘、風帆船、薄膜建築結構、微機電系統〈MEMS〉、太陽能光電建築〈BIPV〉與人工飛行振翅翼等。

瓜科植物的卷鬚分為基部與末端螺旋，兩者方向相反，中間以逆向纏繞區相連。基部螺旋的螺距與螺寬較大，是一種較大型的彈簧。由形態數據推導出彈簧指數C，結果為基部螺旋的C值較大，受力作用後形變量較大。利用虎克定律探討彈簧常數K，結果為末端螺旋K值較大，是一種剛硬度較大的彈簧。將卷鬚切片染色後發現，膠質纖維(G-fiber)細胞與厚角細胞分布於螺旋內側面，在迴旋盤捲時逐漸生成。由於『纖維帶不對稱木質化程度』與『螺旋不對稱柔硬組織分佈』，造成莖兩側不對稱收縮力作用，讓彈簧狀的卷鬚形成。而基部與末端螺旋有不同彈簧性質的原因，是因為兩段螺旋的『膠質纖維不同含量』及『纖維帶木質化程度』不同，造成卷鬚內部彈性與收縮力的差異所致。

因參加TYPT台灣青年物理辯論競賽，初步認識了此現象──當一個橫向放置的圓柱造波鼓在水面上垂直震盪時，引起的表面水流逆流。當造波鼓振動的最大加速度達到了臨界值，表面的粒子行進方向就會與波的傳播方向相反。我們查詢了有關此現象的文獻，驚訝的發現，此現象目前還沒有理論可解釋。於是我們便以自製的實驗設備，開始探討在不同的振動情形下，表面流會如何變化。 以目前所獲得的數據，我們推斷反向的流動與造波鼓排開水的體積及造波鼓前排列的波包有關，而回流只是補償流的性質，且水表循環之貢獻遠較水面的流動下顯著。根據為不同厚度的造波鼓有不同的回流臨界加速度，且縱向的水流循環強度遠較水表循環弱，前者速率大小約與後者相差一數量級。 我們也利用閃頻儀分析了不同條件下水波的波形，並利用Poincaré map將其分為兩類，分別對應到表面的出去流與回來流。